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A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Cardiovascular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2024 | Viewed by 3013

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Prof. Dr. Nandu Goswami

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Guest Editor

Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerpl. 2, 8036 Graz, Austria
Interests: cardiovascular system; heart rate variability; gravitational adaptation
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Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

This Special Issue series, entitled "Recent Advances in Cardiovascular Medicine", is a compilation of review articles that highlight the latest research findings and advancements in the field of cardiovascular medicine. This series focuses on providing a comprehensive overview of various topics, including diagnostic techniques, therapeutic interventions, and emerging trends in cardiovascular health. By featuring expert reviews, this Special Issue offers valuable insights and critical analyses of the current state of research in cardiovascular medicine.

Prof. Dr. Nandu Goswami
Guest Editor

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Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Keywords

cardiovascular medicine
recent advances
review articles
diagnostic techniques
therapeutic interventions
emerging trends
cardiovascular health
expert analysis
research

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Review

19 pages, 1977 KiB

Open AccessReview

How Imaging Techniques Improve Ventricular Arrhythmia Ablation: A Multimodality-Based Approach

Antonio Gianluca Robles

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J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(23), 7420; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12237420 - 30 Nov 2023

Viewed by 262

Abstract

Although implantable cardioverter defibrillators offer the best protection against sudden cardiac death, catheter ablation for ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) can modify or prevent this event from occurring. In order to achieve a successful ablation, the correct identification of the underlying arrhythmogenic substrate is mandatory to tailor the pre-procedural planning of an ablative procedure as appropriately as possible. We propose that several of the imaging modalities currently used could be merged, including echocardiography (also intracardiac), cardiac magnetic resonance, cardiac computed tomography, nuclear techniques, and electroanatomic mapping. The aim of this state-of-the-art review is to present the value of each modality, that is, its benefits and limitations, in the assessment of arrhythmogenic substrate. Moreover, VAs can be also idiopathic, and in this paper we will underline the role of these techniques in facilitating the ablative procedure. Finally, a hands-on workflow for approaching such a VA and future perspectives will be presented. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review Special Issue Series: Recent Advances in Cardiovascular Medicine)

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22 pages, 12034 KiB

Open AccessReview

From Crafoord’s End-to-End Anastomosis Approach to Percutaneous Interventions: Coarctation of the Aorta Management Strategies and Reinterventions

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J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(23), 7350; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12237350 - 27 Nov 2023

Viewed by 267

Abstract

First described in 1760 by the anatomist Morgagni, coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a congenital heart defect characterized by narrowing the aorta, typically distal to the left subclavian artery. It accounts for approximately 5–8% of all congenital heart diseases, with an incidence estimated at 4 per 10,000 live births. In 1944, the Swedish surgeon Clarence Crafoord achieved the first successful surgical CoA repair by performing an aortic end-to-end anastomosis on two patients aged 12 and 27 years old. Presently, the most prevalent techniques for surgical repair, particularly in infants and neonates with isolated coarctation, involve resection with end-to-end anastomosis (EEA) and the modified Crafoord technique (extended resection with end-to-end anastomosis (EEEA)). Subclavian flap aortoplasty (SCAP) is an alternative surgical option for CoA repair in patients under two years of age. In cases where the stenosis extends beyond resection and end-to-end anastomosis feasibility, patch aortoplasty (PP) employing a prosthetic patch can augment the stenotic region, especially for older patients. Despite advances in pediatric cardiology and cardiac surgery, recoarctation remains a significant concern after surgical or interventional repair. This comprehensive review aims to provide a thorough analysis of coarctation management, covering the pioneering techniques introduced by Crafoord using end-to-end anastomosis and now extending to the contemporary era marked by percutaneous interventions as well as the recoarctation rate associated with each type. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review Special Issue Series: Recent Advances in Cardiovascular Medicine)

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17 pages, 1724 KiB

Open AccessReview

The RAAS Goodfellas in Cardiovascular System

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J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(21), 6873; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12216873 - 31 Oct 2023

Viewed by 395

Abstract

In the last two decades, the study of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) has revealed a counterregulatory protective axis. This protective arm is characterized by ACE2/Ang 1-7/MasR and Ang 1-9 that largely counteracts the classic arm of the RAAS mediated by ACE/Ang II/AT1R/aldosterone and plays an important role in the prevention of inflammation, oxidative stress, hypertension, and cardiovascular remodeling. A growing body of evidence suggests that enhancement of this counterregulatory arm of RAAS represents an important therapeutic approach to facing cardiovascular comorbidities. In this review, we provide an overview of the beneficial effects of ACE2, Ang 1-7/MasR, and Ang 1-9 in the context of oxidative stress, vascular dysfunction, and organ damage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review Special Issue Series: Recent Advances in Cardiovascular Medicine)

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15 pages, 1841 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Sympathetic Nervous System in Hypertensive Heart Failure with Preserved LVEF

Filippos Triposkiadis

Alexandros Briasoulis

Pantelis Sarafidis

Dimitrios Magouliotis

Thanos Athanasiou

Ioannis Paraskevaidis

John Skoularigis

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Andrew Xanthopoulos

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(20), 6486; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12206486 - 12 Oct 2023

Viewed by 565

Abstract

The neurohormonal model of heart failure (HF) pathogenesis states that a reduction in cardiac output caused by cardiac injury results in sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation, that is adaptive in the short-term and maladaptive in the long-term. This model has proved extremely valid and has been applied in HF with a reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF). In contrast, it has been undermined in HF with preserved LVEF (HFpEF), which is due to hypertension (HTN) in the vast majority of the cases. Erroneously, HTN, which is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease and premature death worldwide and is present in more than 90% of HF patients, is tightly linked with SNS overactivity. In this paper we provide a contemporary overview of the contribution of SNS overactivity to the development and progression of hypertensive HF (HHF) as well as the clinical implications resulting from therapeutic interventions modifying SNS activity. Throughout the manuscript the terms HHF with preserved LVEF and HfpEF will be used interchangeably, considering that the findings in most HFpEF studies are driven by HTN. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review Special Issue Series: Recent Advances in Cardiovascular Medicine)

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18 pages, 2047 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Heart Failure in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Andrew Xanthopoulos

Adamantia Papamichail

Alexandros Briasoulis

Konstantinos Loritis

Angeliki Bourazana

Dimitrios E. Magouliotis

Pantelis Sarafidis

Ioannis Stefanidis

John Skoularigis

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Filippos Triposkiadis

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(18), 6105; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12186105 - 21 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1050

Abstract

The function of the kidney is tightly linked to the function of the heart. Dysfunction/disease of the kidney may initiate, accentuate, or precipitate of the cardiac dysfunction/disease and vice versa, contributing to a negative spiral. Further, the reciprocal association between the heart and the kidney may occur on top of other entities, usually diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, simultaneously affecting the two organs. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can influence cardiac function through altered hemodynamics and salt and water retention, leading to venous congestion and therefore, not surprisingly, to heart failure (HF). Management of HF in CKD is challenging due to several factors, including complex interplays between these two conditions, the effect of kidney dysfunction on the metabolism of HF medications, the effect of HF medications on kidney function, and the high risk for anemia and hyperkalemia. As a result, in most HF trials, patients with severe renal impairment (i.e., eGFR 30 mL/min/1.73 m² or less) are excluded. The present review discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and current medical management in patients with HF developing in the context of CKD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review Special Issue Series: Recent Advances in Cardiovascular Medicine)

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Special Issue "Review Special Issue Series: Recent Advances in Cardiovascular Medicine"

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