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12 pages, 1110 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Defining the Connotations of Oral Health Literacy Using the Conceptual Composition Method

by Zhiqiang Tian, Yanjun Wang, Yang Li, Jiao Lu, Li Song, Ling Ding, Xinyu Guo and Jianzhong Zheng

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 3518; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043518 - 16 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1222

Abstract

Due to advancements in research, the concept of oral health literacy (OHL) has become rich in connotations, with over 250 definitions present in the literature and government and organizational reports. The diversity of OHL definitions and connotations not only produces conflicting results but [...] Read more.

Due to advancements in research, the concept of oral health literacy (OHL) has become rich in connotations, with over 250 definitions present in the literature and government and organizational reports. The diversity of OHL definitions and connotations not only produces conflicting results but also limits the production of accurate OHL measurement and assessment tools while simultaneously hindering the construction of health literacy intervention policies. To clarify the connotations of OHL and establish a scientific basis for evaluation, we conducted a systematic review, searching and analyzing the literature related to the conceptual connotations of OHL. Additionally, we extracted basic, methodological, and OHL conceptual connotation information from the literature. With reference to the review framework, we classified the conceptual connotations of OHL into antecedents of OHL, the core of OHL, mediators, and outcomes of OHL. The comprehensive conceptual connotations of OHL were obtained through a systematic review and concept mapping based on the related literature. Our analysis revealed that the antecedents of OHL can be classified in two categories: personal factors and external factors. The core conceptual connotations of OHL include three core dimensions (with 16 subdimensions): (1) basic skills—literacy, reading comprehension, numeracy, hearing, oral expression, communication, and knowledge; (2) information-related abilities—information acquisition, information understanding, information communication, information evaluation, information utilization, and information decision-making; and (3) oral health maintenance abilities—interpersonal skills, self-regulation, and goal achievement. The mediator of these connotations is oral health behaviors, with oral health being the result of OHL. This study further clarifies the conceptual connotations of OHL, serving as a reference for future OHL-related studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology, Behavior and Health Outcomes)

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11 pages, 599 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Community Environment Co-Production and Environmental Satisfaction of Older Urban Residents in Shanghai, China

by Feng Jiang, Jing Wang, Lufa Zhang, Jin Luo, Li Li and Ruilong Wu

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 2684; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032684 - 2 Feb 2023

Viewed by 1494

Abstract

Objective: Many factors may affect the environmental satisfaction of elderly people, including their sense of involvement. This study examined the associations between community environment co-production and environmental satisfaction in older urban residents in China. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in four age-friendly [...] Read more.

Objective: Many factors may affect the environmental satisfaction of elderly people, including their sense of involvement. This study examined the associations between community environment co-production and environmental satisfaction in older urban residents in China. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in four age-friendly communities in Shanghai, China. Co-production and environmental satisfaction were assessed through a self-developed questionnaire. General health status was measured through the EuroQol-Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS). Data on affective commitment for the community demographic and health-related factors were also collected. Multilevel linear regression was used to detect the associations. Results: In total, 480 older urban residents completed the survey. On average, the environment satisfaction score was 76.82/90, 8/10 for co-production, and 87.5/100 for EQ-VAS. Univariate analysis demonstrated environmental satisfaction was associated with educational background, party membership, physical activity, community location, age, sleep hours, co-production, affective commitment, and EQ-VAS. After controlling for confounding factors, the co-production score was significantly associated with higher environmental satisfaction (β = 4.68, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression revealed that effective commitment for the community (β = 6.17, p < 0.001) and EQ-VAS (β = 0.06, p = 0.002) were also significantly associated with environment satisfaction. Conclusion: Community environment co-production was positively associated with environmental satisfaction among older urban residents in Shanghai. Environmental co-production should be encouraged when developing age-friendly communities for the elderly. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology, Behavior and Health Outcomes)

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15 pages, 1081 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Patterns and Determinants of Multimorbidity in Older Adults: Study in Health-Ecological Perspective

by Yiming Chen, Lei Shi, Xiao Zheng, Juan Yang, Yaqing Xue, Shujuan Xiao, Benli Xue, Jiachi Zhang, Xinru Li, Huang Lin, Chao Ma and Chichen Zhang

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(24), 16756; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416756 - 14 Dec 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4088

Abstract

(1) Background: Multimorbidity has become one of the key issues in the public health sector. This study aims to explore the patterns and health-ecological factors of multimorbidity in China to propose policy recommendations for the management of chronic diseases in the elderly. (2) [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Multimorbidity has become one of the key issues in the public health sector. This study aims to explore the patterns and health-ecological factors of multimorbidity in China to propose policy recommendations for the management of chronic diseases in the elderly. (2) Methods: A multi-stage random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 3637 older adults aged 60 and older in Shanxi, China. Association rule mining analysis (ARM) and network analysis were applied to analyze the patterns of multimorbidity. The health-ecological model was adopted to explore the potential associated factors of multimorbidity in a multidimensional perspective. A hierarchical multiple logistic model was employed to investigate the association strengths reflected by adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence. (3) Results: Multimorbidity occurred in 20.95% of the respondents. The graph of network analysis showed that there were 6 combinations of chronic diseases with strong association strengths and 14 with moderate association strengths. The results of the ARM were similar to the network analysis; six dyadic chronic disease combinations and six triadic ones were obtained. Hierarchical multiple logistic regression indicated that innate personal traits (age, history of genetics, and body mass index), behavioral lifestyle (physical activity levels and medication adherence), interpersonal network (marital status), and socioeconomic status (educational level) were the common predictors of multimorbidity for older adults, among which, having no family history was found to be a relative determinant as a protective factor for multimorbidity after controlling the other covariates. (4) Conclusions: multimorbidity was prevalent in older adults and most disease combinations are associated with hypertension, followed by diabetes. This shows that diabetes and hypertension have a high prevalence among older adults and have a wide range of associations with other chronic diseases. Exploring the patterns and associated factors of multimorbidity will help the country prevent complications and avoid the unnecessary use of the health service, adopting an integrated approach to managing multimorbidity rather than an individual disease-specific approach and implementing different strategies according to the location of residence. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology, Behavior and Health Outcomes)

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15 pages, 1810 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dental Reimplantation Treatment and Clinical Care for Patients with Previous Implant Failure—A Retrospective Study

by Jiakang Yang, Lixuen Siow, Xinyue Zhang, Yu Wang, Huiming Wang and Baixiang Wang

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 15939; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315939 - 29 Nov 2022

Viewed by 1488

Abstract

(1) Objectives: This study evaluated the clinical outcomes of dental implants placed in previously failed sites and discussed the risk factors that mattered in reimplantation. (2) Methods: All the cases by one specific implantologist during his first five years of clinical practice were [...] Read more.

(1) Objectives: This study evaluated the clinical outcomes of dental implants placed in previously failed sites and discussed the risk factors that mattered in reimplantation. (2) Methods: All the cases by one specific implantologist during his first five years of clinical practice were screened, with a focus on those who received reimplantation. The clinical outcomes were assessed, including the implant survival, peri-implant health, and patients’ satisfaction. (3) Results: 28 patients (31 implants) were recorded as failures from 847 patients (1269 implants), with a 2.4% overall failure rate at the implant level, of whom 19 patients (21 implants) received reimplantation treatment. After a mean follow-up of 33.7 ± 10.1 months (95% CI 29.1–38.3 months), 20 implants remained functional, but 1 implant revealed a secondary early failure, indicating a 95.2% overall survival rate. The mean probing depth (PD), modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI), and marginal bone loss (MBL) of the surviving reinserted implants were 2.7 ± 0.6 mm (95% CI 2.5–3.0 mm), 0.7 ± 0.5 (95% CI 0.5–1.0), and 0.5 ± 0.6 mm (95% CI 0.3–0.8 mm), respectively. Embedded healing occurred more frequently in the reinserted implants than in the primary implants (p = 0.052). The patients’ satisfaction suffered from implant failure, but a successful reimplantation could reverse it with close doctor–patient communication. (4) Conclusions: Reimplantation treatment was recommended, based on a thorough evaluation and consideration of the risk factors combined with effective communication with the patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology, Behavior and Health Outcomes)

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19 pages, 350 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identification of Health Characteristics of People with Physical Disability by Applying the PRECEDE Model

by Youngin Won

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(22), 15081; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215081 - 16 Nov 2022

Viewed by 1122

Abstract

This study aimed to diagnose the health characteristics of people with grade 1–4 physical disability (but without intellectual disability) by analyzing factors affecting their health through social, epidemiological, behavioral, and ecological diagnoses by partially applying the PRECEDE model. Those registered with physical disability [...] Read more.

This study aimed to diagnose the health characteristics of people with grade 1–4 physical disability (but without intellectual disability) by analyzing factors affecting their health through social, epidemiological, behavioral, and ecological diagnoses by partially applying the PRECEDE model. Those registered with physical disability in 2022 and attending a welfare center were selected, with samples extracted from Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheong-do, Jeolla-do, and Gyeongsang-do. A total of 1200 people were selected, and the data of 1000 people were finally analyzed. A frequency analysis was performed to identify the participants’ characteristics. An independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance were performed to verify the hypotheses. To clarify the relationship between each variable, normality verification, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation model analysis were performed. First, the differences in factors influencing health promotion according to personal background variables (gender, age, and income level), including quality of life, showed partial differences according to age and income level. Second, according to disability-related variables (time of onset and disability grade), quality of life and health status showed partial differences. These results can be used as basic data or indicators to build a health promotion system that considers the health characteristics of individuals with a physical disability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology, Behavior and Health Outcomes)

12 pages, 2247 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Intelligent Mental Health Identification Method for College Students: A Mixed-Method Study

by Chong Li, Mingzhao Yang, Yongting Zhang and Khin Wee Lai

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(22), 14976; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214976 - 14 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1848

Abstract

Purpose: Mental health assessments that combine patients’ facial expressions and behaviors have been proven effective, but screening large-scale student populations for mental health problems is time-consuming and labor-intensive. This study aims to provide an efficient and accurate intelligent method for further psychological diagnosis [...] Read more.

Purpose: Mental health assessments that combine patients’ facial expressions and behaviors have been proven effective, but screening large-scale student populations for mental health problems is time-consuming and labor-intensive. This study aims to provide an efficient and accurate intelligent method for further psychological diagnosis and treatment, which combines artificial intelligence technologies to assist in evaluating the mental health problems of college students. Materials and Methods: We propose a mixed-method study of mental health assessment that combines psychological questionnaires with facial emotion analysis to comprehensively evaluate the mental health of students on a large scale. The Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21(DASS-21) is used for the psychological questionnaire. The facial emotion recognition model is implemented by transfer learning based on neural networks, and the model is pre-trained using FER2013 and CFEE datasets. Among them, the FER2013 dataset consists of 48 × 48-pixel face gray images, a total of 35,887 face images. The CFEE dataset contains 950,000 facial images with annotated action units (au). Using a random sampling strategy, we sent online questionnaires to 400 college students and received 374 responses, and the response rate was 93.5%. After pre-processing, 350 results were available, including 187 male and 153 female students. First, the facial emotion data of students were collected in an online questionnaire test. Then, a pre-trained model was used for emotion recognition. Finally, the online psychological questionnaire scores and the facial emotion recognition model scores were collated to give a comprehensive psychological evaluation score. Results: The experimental results of the facial emotion recognition model proposed to show that its classification results are broadly consistent with the mental health survey results. This model can be used to improve efficiency. In particular, the accuracy of the facial emotion recognition model proposed in this paper is higher than that of the general mental health model, which only uses the traditional single questionnaire. Furthermore, the absolute errors of this study in the three symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress are lower than other mental health survey results and are only 0.8%, 8.1%, 3.5%, and 1.8%, respectively. Conclusion: The mixed method combining intelligent methods and scales for mental health assessment has high recognition accuracy. Therefore, it can support efficient large-scale screening of students’ psychological problems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology, Behavior and Health Outcomes)

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13 pages, 943 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Social Support and Loneliness on the Irrational Consumption Tendencies of Healthcare Products among the Elderly: A Structural Equation Model

by Yating Chen, Luqi Li, Zhiji Tan, Chengcheng Ma, Binyan Wang, Qing Guo and Li Li

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(21), 14404; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114404 - 3 Nov 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1631

Abstract

Background: In recent years, with the development of the social economy and an improvement in health consciousness, the levels of demand and consumption for healthcare products have been increasing rapidly among the elderly. However, the irrational consumption of healthcare products has caused widespread [...] Read more.

Background: In recent years, with the development of the social economy and an improvement in health consciousness, the levels of demand and consumption for healthcare products have been increasing rapidly among the elderly. However, the irrational consumption of healthcare products has caused widespread concern, as it can generate economic losses and have negative effects on psychological health. Therefore, it is critical to identify the variables that can reduce tendencies toward irrational consumption in the area of healthcare products. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the irrational consumption tendencies of healthcare products, social support, and loneliness among elderly people in Hangzhou, China. Methods: In 2021, a cross-sectional survey involving 485 elderly people from three districts in Hangzhou, China, was conducted. Descriptive statistics were calculated for socioeconomic status and demographic characteristics, level of loneliness, social support, and irrational consumption tendencies. A structural equation model was used to test the impact of social support on the irrational consumption tendencies of healthcare products among the elderly and to explore the mediating effects of loneliness. Results: The findings reveal that the average levels of social support and loneliness among the elderly were 30.63 points (total = 44 points) and 6.88 points (15 points), respectively. The average scores of the four subscales of irrational consumption tendencies, which were named susceptibility to persuasion, interpersonal influences, pursuit of added value, and fears of aging were 2.48, 2.93, 2.48, and 3.17 points (5 points), respectively. Social support had a significant effect on irrational consumption tendencies, and loneliness played a partial mediating role between social support and irrational consumption tendencies. Conclusions: A relationship model was constructed to examine the association between loneliness, social support, and irrational consumption tendencies among older people in relation to healthcare products. From a social support and psychological perspective, advice and countermeasures are proposed to prevent the irrational consumption of healthcare products among older people. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology, Behavior and Health Outcomes)

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12 pages, 345 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Depression among the Elderly during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Effects of the Big Five, Media Use, and Perceived Social Support

by Yang Li, Zhi Lin and Yibo Wu

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(20), 13534; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013534 - 19 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1635

Abstract

The mental health of the elderly is vulnerable during public health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and the risks of depression is increased. The study aimed to explore the effects of physical health, the Big Five personality traits, media use, and different [...] Read more.

The mental health of the elderly is vulnerable during public health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and the risks of depression is increased. The study aimed to explore the effects of physical health, the Big Five personality traits, media use, and different kinds of perceived social support as predictors of levels of depression among the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in more than 120 cities in China with a sample of 1147 older adults, and hierarchical regression was established to examine the predictors of the level of depression. The results showed that almost half of the elderly (48%) had a status of mild or much more severe depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. The level of depression was negatively associated with physical health, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and family support, while it was positively associated with neuroticism and media use. The study emphasized the effects of physical health, the Big Five personality traits, media use, and perceived social support from family as the predictors of levels of depression, providing further measures to help the elderly better react to a public health emergency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology, Behavior and Health Outcomes)

16 pages, 1554 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Family Health in Mediating the Association between Smartphone Use and Health Risk Behaviors among Chinese Adolescent Students: A National Cross-Sectional Study

by Fangmin Gong, Zhaowen Lei, Zhuliu Gong, Hewei Min, Pu Ge, Yi Guo, Wai-Kit Ming, Xinying Sun and Yibo Wu

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(20), 13378; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013378 - 17 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1650

Abstract

The direct impact of smartphones on health risk behaviors of adolescent students has been verified. However, the mediating mechanisms that underly this relationship remain largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of the study is to explore the role of family health in mediating the [...] Read more.

The direct impact of smartphones on health risk behaviors of adolescent students has been verified. However, the mediating mechanisms that underly this relationship remain largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of the study is to explore the role of family health in mediating the relationship between the frequency of smartphone use and adolescent students’ health risk behaviors. A questionnaire was used to collect cross-sectional data from 693 adolescent students aged 12–18 in China and a structural equation model was analyzed. Among the nine health risk behaviors, the most frequent health risk behaviors in Chinese adolescent students were non-compliance walking behaviors (M=Mean; SD = Standard deviation) (M ± SD) (2.78 ± 1.747), eating unhygienic food (M ± SD) (2.23 ± 1.299), being subjected to physical violence (M ± SD) (2.19 ± 0.645), and leaving home (M ± SD) (2.13 ± 0.557). The SEM results showed that the adolescent students’ smartphone use had a positive impact on delaying the age of first alcohol consumption (β = 0.167, CI:0.067 0.287) and a negative impact on the non-compliance walking behaviors (β = 0.176, CI:0.011 0.266). Family health plays an indirect-only mediated role (the proportions of indirect-only mediated roles are 11.2%, 12.4%, and 11.5%) in the relationship between smartphone use and adolescent students’ partial health risk behaviors: (CI: −0.042 −0.002), (CI: −0.049 −0.005), and (CI: −0.043 −0.002). These findings provided a theoretical and practical basis for better interventions in adolescent health risk behaviors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology, Behavior and Health Outcomes)

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15 pages, 1701 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influencing Factors and Improvement Path of Academic Engagement among College Students in the Context of Epidemic Prevention and Control

by Xiangju Yin, Yiming Huang, Xin Zhang, Yuqian Chen, Mingyue Wang and Hongwei Qian

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12939; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912939 - 10 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1653

Abstract

Objective: The implementation of online teaching in the context of epidemic prevention and control has had an impact on the learning engagement of college students to some extent. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms that influence perceived social support and health behaviors [...] Read more.

Objective: The implementation of online teaching in the context of epidemic prevention and control has had an impact on the learning engagement of college students to some extent. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms that influence perceived social support and health behaviors on learning engagement, so as to make college students more focused on their studies by improving their physical and mental health as well as their ability to perceive social support. Methods: A total of 538 college students from Henan Province, China, were studied using the Perceived Social Support Scale, Health Behavior Scale and Learning Engagement Scale, and the data were analyzed by IBM SPSS Amos 26.0 software (IBM SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: (1) The level of health behavior among college students was positively correlated with perceived social support ability (β = 0.289, p < 0.001); both perceived social support and health behaviors predicted college students’ learning engagement significantly (β = 0.200, p < 0.01; β = 0.406, p < 0.001). (2) College students’ perceived social support partially mediated the relationship between health behaviors and learning engagement. Conclusion: One of the main ways to improve college students’ learning engagement is to improve their health behavior and perceived social support. This study contributes to a better understanding of the relationships between health behaviors and learning engagement, as well as to the development of interventions to improve learning engagement among college students. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology, Behavior and Health Outcomes)

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16 pages, 950 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Doses Using the Health Belief Model: A Cross-Sectional Study in Low-Middle- and High-Income Countries of the East Mediterranean Region

by Ramy Mohamed Ghazy, Marwa Shawky Abdou, Salah Awaidy, Malik Sallam, Iffat Elbarazi, Naglaa Youssef, Osman Abubakar Fiidow, Slimane Mehdad, Mohamed Fakhry Hussein, Mohammed Fathelrahman Adam, Fatimah Saed Alabd Abdullah, Wafa Kammoun Rebai, Etwal Bou Raad, Mai Hussein, Shehata F. Shehata, Ismail Ibrahim Ismail, Arslan Ahmed Salam and Dalia Samhouri

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12136; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912136 - 25 Sep 2022

Cited by 28 | Viewed by 4545

Abstract

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) booster doses decrease infection transmission and disease severity. This study aimed to assess the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine booster doses in low, middle, and high-income countries of the East Mediterranean Region (EMR) and its determinants using the health belief model [...] Read more.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) booster doses decrease infection transmission and disease severity. This study aimed to assess the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine booster doses in low, middle, and high-income countries of the East Mediterranean Region (EMR) and its determinants using the health belief model (HBM). In addition, we aimed to identify the causes of booster dose rejection and the main source of information about vaccination. Using the snowball and convince sampling technique, a bilingual, self-administered, anonymous questionnaire was used to collect the data from 14 EMR countries through different social media platforms. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the key determinants that predict vaccination acceptance among respondents. Overall, 2327 participants responded to the questionnaire. In total, 1468 received compulsory doses of vaccination. Of them, 739 (50.3%) received booster doses and 387 (26.4%) were willing to get the COVID-19 vaccine booster doses. Vaccine booster dose acceptance rates in low, middle, and high-income countries were 73.4%, 67.9%, and 83.0%, respectively (p < 0.001). Participants who reported reliance on information about the COVID-19 vaccination from the Ministry of Health websites were more willing to accept booster doses (79.3% vs. 66.6%, p < 0.001). The leading causes behind booster dose rejection were the beliefs that booster doses have no benefit (48.35%) and have severe side effects (25.6%). Determinants of booster dose acceptance were age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.03, p = 0.002), information provided by the Ministry of Health (OR = 3.40, 95% CI: 1.79–6.49, p = 0.015), perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 infection (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.21–2.93, p = 0.005), perceived severity of COVID-19 (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 137–3.16, p = 0.001), and perceived risk of side effects (OR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.19–0.34, p < 0.001). Booster dose acceptance in EMR is relatively high. Interventions based on HBM may provide useful directions for policymakers to enhance the population’s acceptance of booster vaccination. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology, Behavior and Health Outcomes)

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8 pages, 342 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Big Five Traits as Predictors of a Healthy Lifestyle during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Russian Cross-Sectional Study

by Alena Zolotareva, Sergei Shchebetenko, Svetlana Belousova, Irina Danilova, Vadim Tseilikman, Maxim Lapshin, Lilia Sarapultseva, Svetlana Makhniova, Maria Sarapultseva, Maria Komelkova, Desheng Hu, Shanshan Luo, Ekaterina Lisovskaya and Alexey Sarapultsev

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(17), 10716; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710716 - 28 Aug 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2075

Abstract

The healthy lifestyle of people around the world has changed dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic. The personality risk factors for these processes from around the world remain understudied. This study aimed to examine the associations of the Big Five traits with a healthy [...] Read more.

The healthy lifestyle of people around the world has changed dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic. The personality risk factors for these processes from around the world remain understudied. This study aimed to examine the associations of the Big Five traits with a healthy lifestyle during the COVID-19 pandemic. In a cross-sectional study, data from 1215 Russian university students were analyzed. Participants completed the Big Five Inventory-10 and Short Multidimensional Inventory Lifestyle Evaluation. The results showed that personality traits predicted many dimensions of a healthy lifestyle during the COVID-19 pandemic. Diet and nutrition were positively predicted by extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, and it was negatively predicted by neuroticism. Substance abuse was positively predicted by agreeableness and conscientiousness, and it was negatively predicted by extraversion. Physical activity was positively predicted by extraversion and conscientiousness, and it was negatively predicted by neuroticism. Stress management was positively predicted by extraversion and conscientiousness, and it was negatively predicted by neuroticism. Restorative sleep was positively predicted by extraversion and conscientiousness, and it was negatively predicted by neuroticism. Social support for healthy practices was positively predicted by extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Environmental exposures were positively predicted by extraversion, and neuroticism was positively and negatively predicted by conscientiousness. Our findings may be useful for further exploration of personality risk factors for healthy practices in challenging life circumstances. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology, Behavior and Health Outcomes)

10 pages, 456 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Civilian Military Security Coordinators Coping with Frequent Traumatic Events: Spirituality, Community Resilience, and Emotional Distress

by Michael Weinberg and Adi Kimchy Elimellech

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(14), 8826; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148826 - 20 Jul 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1622

Abstract

Civilian military security coordinators are a unique kind of first responders. They live in communities that are close to the border and are responsible for the security of their community in routine and emergency situations until the arrival of the army or the [...] Read more.

Civilian military security coordinators are a unique kind of first responders. They live in communities that are close to the border and are responsible for the security of their community in routine and emergency situations until the arrival of the army or the police. Their role puts them at an elevated risk of experiencing emotional distress and developing PTSD. The present study, which was conducted in Israel following terror incidents over the year 2018, aimed to examine the relationships between spirituality and perceived community resilience, on the one hand, and PTSD symptoms and stress, on the other, among civilian military security coordinators. One hundred and thirteen (n = 113) civilian military security coordinators living up to 12.4 miles from the border who are routinely exposed to terror and other traumatic events completed demographic, spirituality, community resilience, PTSD, and stress questionnaires. Structural-equation-model analyses showed that spirituality was negatively associated with PTSD symptoms and stress. However, perceived community resilience was not associated with PTSD symptoms or stress. In addition, age was negatively associated with PTSD symptoms and stress. Financial situation was also negatively associated with PTSD symptoms and stress and incidence of exposure to terror and security threats was associated only with PTSD symptoms. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology, Behavior and Health Outcomes)

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15 pages, 841 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Physical Activity during Pregnancy: Comparisons between Objective Measures and Self-Reports in Relation to Blood Glucose Levels

by Hanqing Chen, Xuanbi Fang, Tak-Hap Wong, Sze Ngai Chan, Babatunde Akinwunmi, Wai-Kit Ming, Casper J. P. Zhang and Zilian Wang

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(13), 8064; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138064 - 30 Jun 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1943

Abstract

Objective: to quantify pregnant women’s physical activity during pregnancy using wearable accelerometers and a self-reported scale and to examine the variation in these two physical activity measures in relation to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels and presence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: [...] Read more.

Objective: to quantify pregnant women’s physical activity during pregnancy using wearable accelerometers and a self-reported scale and to examine the variation in these two physical activity measures in relation to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels and presence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: this prospective observational study included 197 pregnant women from one of the largest regional hospitals in South China. Women with singleton pregnancy, absence of pre-existing comorbidities and pre-specified contraindications, wore an accelerometer on their waist for 7 consecutive days to objectively record their physical activity, followed by completing a past-7-day physical activity questionnaire, three times, respectively, in three trimesters. GDM was determined by 2-h 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 24–28th week’s gestation and FPG was obtained in both 1st and 2nd trimesters following standard practice. Results: pregnant women engaged highest levels of various physical activity types in 2nd trimester, except accelerometer-based moderate-to-vigorous physical activity which gradually decreased in pregnancy. Pregnant women were more likely to walk in 3rd trimester. The relationship between objective total physical activity and self-reported total physical activity was non-linear. Increased trend of FPG from 1st trimester to 2nd trimester disappeared when adjusting for accelerometer-based light physical activity and attenuated when including walking. Self-reported moderate physical activity was surprisingly positively associated with GDM. Conclusions: different patterns in physical activity between objective measure and self-report in relation to gestational glucose levels were observed. Short-term increase in moderate physical activity prior to OGTT may not be necessary for reducing presence of GDM. Future glucose management for pregnant women may be targeted at lower intensity physical activity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology, Behavior and Health Outcomes)

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9 pages, 593 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Application of Stress Coping Ability as a Conduit between Goal Orientation and Play Effectiveness among Polish Soccer Players

by Paweł Kalinowski, Olga Bugaj, Łukasz Bojkowski, Yee Cheng Kueh and Garry Kuan

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(12), 7341; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127341 - 15 Jun 2022

Viewed by 1523

Abstract

Background: Athletes should be distinguished by their capacity to deal with stress effectively. Motivated soccer players will employ stress-coping strategies that are linked to their ability to perform at a high level. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between [...] Read more.

Background: Athletes should be distinguished by their capacity to deal with stress effectively. Motivated soccer players will employ stress-coping strategies that are linked to their ability to perform at a high level. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between a player’s specific goal orientation, coping in sports, and the effectiveness of play during competition. Methods: The study enrolled 122 male elite soccer players at the championship level who were between the ages of 16 and 19. All participants completed the Polish version of the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire, the Polish version of the Coping Inventory for Competitive Sport Questionnaire, the CISS questionnaire, and Szwarc’s observation sheet for evaluating soccer performance. Results: The results showed that the task-based stress-coping mode partially mediated the relationship between task motivation and the observed effectiveness of players in soccer. Conclusion: From an applied perspective, the data on the relationship between selected mental factors and soccer performance point to a possible direction of work for players aspiring to the highest level of performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology, Behavior and Health Outcomes)

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15 pages, 608 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Differential Effects of Optimism and Pessimism on Adolescents’ Subjective Well-Being: Mediating Roles of Reappraisal and Acceptance

by Rong Zou, Xiaobin Hong, Gaoxia Wei, Xia Xu and Jiajin Yuan

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(12), 7067; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127067 - 9 Jun 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2650

Abstract

Prior research has found the differential strength of optimism and pessimism in predicting physical health. However, whether similar findings would be obtained in predicting subjective well-being and the possible underlying mechanisms are still unclear. This study examined the relative strength of optimism and [...] Read more.

Prior research has found the differential strength of optimism and pessimism in predicting physical health. However, whether similar findings would be obtained in predicting subjective well-being and the possible underlying mechanisms are still unclear. This study examined the relative strength of optimism and pessimism in predicting adolescent life satisfaction and depression, and further explored the possible mediating mechanisms from the perspective of emotion regulation. A sample of 2672 adolescents (M_age = 13.54 years, SD = 1.04; 55.60% boys) completed a survey assessing optimism and pessimism, the habitual use of reappraisal and acceptance strategies, life satisfaction, and depression. The results from dominance analysis revealed that the presence of optimism was more powerful than the absence of pessimism in predicting adolescent life satisfaction, while the absence of pessimism was more powerful than the presence of optimism in predicting adolescent depression. Moreover, mediation models showed that reappraisal and acceptance mediated both the link between optimism and life satisfaction and the link between pessimism and depression. These findings suggest possible avenues for intervening in different aspects of adolescent subjective well-being. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology, Behavior and Health Outcomes)

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20 pages, 1404 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Personality Effects on Chinese Public Preference for the COVID-19 Vaccination: Discrete Choice Experiment and Latent Profile Analysis Study

by Jinzi Zhang, Pu Ge, Xialei Li, Mei Yin, Yujia Wang, Waikit Ming, Jinhui Li, Pei Li, Xinying Sun and Yibo Wu

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(8), 4842; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084842 - 15 Apr 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2305

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to investigate the differences in public vaccination preference for the COVID-19 vaccine with different personality characteristics. Methods: Based on the Big Five Personality Inventory (BFI-10), a total of 1200 respondents were categorized by personality characteristics using Latent Profile Analysis [...] Read more.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the differences in public vaccination preference for the COVID-19 vaccine with different personality characteristics. Methods: Based on the Big Five Personality Inventory (BFI-10), a total of 1200 respondents were categorized by personality characteristics using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA). The preference of members the public with different personality characteristics for COVID-19 vaccination was investigated based on a discrete choice experiment (DCE). Results: All respondents were divided into three groups, named the General and Stable type (79.67%), Conscientious and Agreeable type (9.5%), and Open and Extroverted type (10.83%). For the percentage importance of vaccine attributes, both the General and Stable type and Conscientious and Agreeable type respondents considered cost to be the most important (41.93% and 34.95% respectively). However, the Open and Extroverted type respondents considered efficacy as the most important (31.05%). In our conditional logit model (CLOGIT), for vaccine adverse effects, the General and Stable type and Conscientious and Agreeable type respondents preferred “very mild”, while the Open and Extroverted type preferred “mild” (OR:1.108, 95%CI 0.977–1.256). The Open and Extroverted type had a higher willingness to pay (WTP) for the most preferred vaccine level compared to the other types. Conclusions: The Open and Extroverted respondents have the highest willingness to vaccinate. The General and Stable type and Conscientious and Agreeable respondents think that the cost of the vaccine is the most important attribute, and prefer the mildest side effects. The Open and Extroverted type think that vaccine efficacy is the most important attribute, prefer “mild” side effects, and have higher willingness to pay for their favorite vaccine level. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology, Behavior and Health Outcomes)

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14 pages, 1059 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Moderated Mediation Model of the Relationship between Family Dynamics and Sleep Quality in College Students: The Role of Big Five Personality and Only-Child Status

by Xiaocen Jia, Yiqing Huang, Wenli Yu, Wai-Kit Ming, Fei Qi and Yibo Wu

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(6), 3576; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063576 - 17 Mar 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3040

Abstract

Sleep quality among college students is affected by numerous factors. Previous studies have linked sleep quality to family dynamics as well as personality. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this relationship. The aim of this study is to incorporate a moderated [...] Read more.

Sleep quality among college students is affected by numerous factors. Previous studies have linked sleep quality to family dynamics as well as personality. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this relationship. The aim of this study is to incorporate a moderated mediation model to explore the big five personality traits in mediating the relationship between family dynamics and sleep quality and whether this indirect relationship is modified by only-child status among Chinese undergraduate students. Survey data were collected from a cross-sectional study conducted in Shandong, China and 1022 undergraduate students aged 18–24 were recruited. The mediation and moderated mediation modeling analyses were carried out with the software SPSS PROCESS macro. After controlling for gender and grade, mediation analysis indicated that conscientiousness and agreeableness of the big five personality traits partially mediated the link between family dynamics and sleep quality (β = −0.0093, CI: −0.0178, −0.0018; β = −0.0047, CI: −0.0084, −0.0013), and moderation analysis found only-child status acted as a moderator in the relationship between family dynamics and the agreeableness of the big five personality traits (only child, β = −0.0129, CI: −0.0196, −0.0072; non-only-child, β = −0.0040, CI: −0.0078, −0.0002). Results showed that family dynamics positively predicted sleep quality both directly and indirectly via the conscientiousness and agreeableness of big five personality traits. Only-child status moderated the indirect association between family dynamics and agreeableness of big five personality traits. The current study advanced our understanding of the mechanism underlying the connection between family dynamics and sleep quality and helped to develop intervention measures to improve sleep quality of college students. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology, Behavior and Health Outcomes)

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10 pages, 325 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Correlation between Frequency of Eating Out of Home and Dietary Intake, Sleep, and Physical Activity: A Survey of Young CDC Employees in China

by Yu Zhang, Xianglai Sang, Yibo Wu, Tuo Liu, Ran Niu, Lu Han, Qi Wang and Xiaocheng Liang

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(6), 3209; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063209 - 9 Mar 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2001

Abstract

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the correlation between the frequency of eating out of home and dietary intake, sleep, and physical activity among young employees from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in China. Methods: Using the cluster sampling method, 6099 employees [...] Read more.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the correlation between the frequency of eating out of home and dietary intake, sleep, and physical activity among young employees from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in China. Methods: Using the cluster sampling method, 6099 employees aged 40 years or below from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from 32 provinces in China were interviewed using an online questionnaire survey. The frequency of eating out of home, dietary intake, sleep, and physical activity of all participants was described, and correlation analysis was used to study the relationships between eating out of home frequency and related indicators. Results: A total of 5353 valid questionnaires were collected with the recovery rate of 87.77%. The results show that 85.8% of participants eat out of home one to five times per week, 10.1% eat out of home more than six times, and 4.1% never eat out. Correlation analysis showed that eating out of home is negatively correlated with a daily vegetable and fruit intake. The lower the intake of vegetables and fruits, the more obvious this tendency. Eating out of home is positively correlated with a daily intake of meat as well as a weekly intake of aquatic products. The higher the intake of meat and aquatic products, the more obvious this tendency. There was a negative correlation between eating out of home and sleep duration and physical activity. The lower the duration of sleep and physical activity, the more obvious this tendency. Conclusions: Based on existing survey data, young employees from the CDC eat out of home regularly, which may affect dietary intake, sleep, and physical activity. Targeted health education programs are urgently needed to assist in the promotion of a healthy lifestyle and reduce the potential risk of chronic disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology, Behavior and Health Outcomes)

Review

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16 pages, 539 KiB

Open AccessReview

Association of Personality Traits with Life and Work of Medical Students: An Integrative Review

by Meichen Liu, Jinquan Cai, Hao Chen and Lei Shi

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12376; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912376 - 28 Sep 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2126

Abstract

Background: Personality traits are the basic components of an individual’s personality. Although there are many published articles about the impact of personality traits on medical students, there is a lack of integrative reviews of existing articles. To close this gap, this review aims [...] Read more.

Background: Personality traits are the basic components of an individual’s personality. Although there are many published articles about the impact of personality traits on medical students, there is a lack of integrative reviews of existing articles. To close this gap, this review aims to summarize the impact of personality traits on medical students from two perspectives: life and work. Methods: The search was performed using the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and EMBASE. All publications that assessed the impact of personality traits on life and work until February 2022 were selected. Results: Ninety-seven studies were included. The results suggest that personality traits could affect life performance, health outcomes, life satisfaction, the formation of doctor–patient relationships, mastery of knowledge, academic performance, and career planning. Different personality traits can have positive or negative impacts on these aspects. Conclusions: The results of this review suggest that personality traits can affect medical students’ lives and work. Therefore, based on the evaluation of the personality traits of medical students, it is necessary to design targeted courses and training for students to improve their personality traits, to bring about better results in their lives and work. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology, Behavior and Health Outcomes)

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15 pages, 1237 KiB

Open AccessReview

Personality, Preoperative Anxiety, and Postoperative Outcomes: A Review

by Wentao Ji, Chao Sang, Xiaoting Zhang, Keming Zhu and Lulong Bo

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12162; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912162 - 26 Sep 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4483

Abstract

Research has shown that personality is associated with anxiety levels in the general population. However, little is known about the relationship between personality and preoperative anxiety and the subsequent health outcomes in patients undergoing surgery. Therefore, this review aimed to identify studies that [...] Read more.

Research has shown that personality is associated with anxiety levels in the general population. However, little is known about the relationship between personality and preoperative anxiety and the subsequent health outcomes in patients undergoing surgery. Therefore, this review aimed to identify studies that explored the relationship between personality traits and preoperative anxiety, as well as their association with postoperative outcomes. Existing literature shows that anxiety may play an intermediary role in the relationship between personality and postoperative outcomes. Severe anxiety may partially explain the adverse effects of certain personality traits, such as neuroticism, on postoperative outcomes. However, the relationship between personality traits, preoperative anxiety, and postoperative outcomes remains unclear. Interventions such as clinical evaluation, preoperative counseling, and management strategies can be of great value in identifying and resolving patients’ anxiety and negative emotions to improve postoperative outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology, Behavior and Health Outcomes)

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10 pages, 653 KiB

Open AccessReview

Research Progress on Risk Factors of Preoperative Anxiety in Children: A Scoping Review

by Weiwei Liu, Rui Xu, Ji’e Jia, Yilei Shen, Wenxian Li and Lulong Bo

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(16), 9828; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169828 - 9 Aug 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3391

Abstract

Background: Preoperative anxiety has adverse effects on children and negative impacts on postoperative rehabilitation. Anesthesiologists can accurately identify children with preoperative anxiety, and individualized intervention can effectively improve their psychological state and clinical prognosis. However, a comprehensive summary of the current available evidence [...] Read more.

Background: Preoperative anxiety has adverse effects on children and negative impacts on postoperative rehabilitation. Anesthesiologists can accurately identify children with preoperative anxiety, and individualized intervention can effectively improve their psychological state and clinical prognosis. However, a comprehensive summary of the current available evidence has yet to be conducted. Searches were conducted in Medline databases from inception to March 2022. Primary studies that reported preoperative anxiety in children and its attendant effects on postoperative recovery and prognosis were screened and included. Among the 309 publications identified, 12 related studies (n = 3540 patients) met the eligibility criteria. The incidence of preoperative anxiety in children in the included studies ranged from 41.7% to 75.44%. While 16 influencing factors were identified, only 5 factors had a significant impact on preoperative anxiety in children: younger age (n = 8), parental anxiety (n = 7), negative previous hospitalizations (n = 3), less sociableness (n = 2), and surgical setting (n = 1). The current scoping review identified risk factors for preoperative anxiety in children. Healthcare workers should identify and manage preoperatively anxious children. There are still some factors that are controversial, and large-scale clinical studies are needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology, Behavior and Health Outcomes)

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