International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Research

15 pages, 2480 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of Visual Input on Electromyographic Activity and Patterns of Masticatory and Cervical Spine Muscles in Emmetropic Caucasian Subjects by Gender

by Grzegorz Zieliński, Anna Matysik-Woźniak, Maria Rapa, Michał Baszczowski, Beata Pająk, Michał Ginszt, Jacek Szkutnik, Robert Rejdak and Piotr Gawda

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(5), 4112; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054112 - 25 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1182

Abstract

(1) Background: The objective of the research was to analyze the change of visual input on electromyographic activity and patterns of masticatory and cervical spine muscles in emmetropic Caucasian subjects by gender. Supposedly, visual input should not influence activity and electromyographic patterns of [...] Read more.

(1) Background: The objective of the research was to analyze the change of visual input on electromyographic activity and patterns of masticatory and cervical spine muscles in emmetropic Caucasian subjects by gender. Supposedly, visual input should not influence activity and electromyographic patterns of masticatory and cervical spine muscles in emmetropic Caucasian subjects by gender. (2) Methods: After applying the inclusion criteria, 50 emmetropic Caucasian subjects were included in the study. Four muscle pairs were analyzed: the temporalis muscle (TA), the masseter muscle (MM), the digastric muscle (DA), and the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM), during resting and functional activity. (3) Results: It was observed that there were no significant statistical differences in activity and bioelectrical patterns between open and closed eyes in women and men, with the exception of clenching on dental cotton rollers in DA-left and DA mean between tests in women. The observed statistical results had a small effect size, successively equal to 0.32 and 0.29. (4) Conclusions: Changes in the influence of visual input do not affect electromyographic activity and patterns of masticatory and cervical spine muscles in emmetropic Caucasian women and men. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health — Prevention, Diagnostics, Therapy and Quality of Life)

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9 pages, 343 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Absence of Association between Child Temperament and Early Childhood Caries: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Rodrigo Mariño, Paulina Hofer-Durán, Javiera Nuñez-Contreras, Yanela Aravena-Rivas and Carlos Zaror

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 3251; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043251 - 13 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1222

Abstract

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a worldwide public health problem. The biological and behavioural determinants that are directly involved in ECC have been well documented; however, evidence on the effects of some psychosocial factors remains conflicting. This study aimed to assess the association [...] Read more.

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a worldwide public health problem. The biological and behavioural determinants that are directly involved in ECC have been well documented; however, evidence on the effects of some psychosocial factors remains conflicting. This study aimed to assess the association between child temperament and ECC in Chilean preschoolers. Prior approval of the protocol was obtained from the ethics committee of Universidad de La Frontera (Folio N° 020_17), and all of those involved in the study provided signed informed consent forms. The cross-sectional study was conducted with 172 children aged 3 to 5 years attending preschools in Temuco, Chile. Each child’s temperament was assessed based on parents’ responses to the Early Childhood Behaviour Questionnaire. The outcomes assessed were caries prevalence and caries experience (dmft scores). The covariates included were socioeconomic position, cariogenic diet, prolonged breastfeeding, presence of dental plaque and hypoplasia. Logistic regression models were used to predict caries prevalence and negative binomial regression for caries experience. The prevalence of ECC was 29.1%, and the most frequent child temperament was ‘effortful control’. Regression model analyses, adjusting for covariates, showed no evidence of an association between any domain of children’s temperament (surgency, negative affect and effortful control) with the prevalence of caries or caries experience. This cross-sectional study found no association between childhood temperament and ECC in preschool children for this population. However, due to the specificity of this population, the association cannot be entirely ruled out. Further studies are needed to help understand the association between temperament and oral health, including the influences of family environment factors and culture. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health — Prevention, Diagnostics, Therapy and Quality of Life)

10 pages, 1506 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prevalence and Patterns of Traumatic Dental Injuries in the Permanent Dentition: A Three-Year Retrospective Overview Study at the University Dental Clinic of Vienna

by Sophie Lembacher, Steffen Schneider, Stefan Lettner and Katrin Bekes

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 15725; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315725 - 25 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1373

Abstract

The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the prevalence and patterns of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in permanent teeth at the University Dental Clinic of Vienna and examine influential variables. The study included all patients with dental trauma in permanent teeth [...] Read more.

The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the prevalence and patterns of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in permanent teeth at the University Dental Clinic of Vienna and examine influential variables. The study included all patients with dental trauma in permanent teeth who presented at the University Dental Clinic of Vienna (Austria) between 2014 and 2016. Dental records, including age, gender, location of trauma, type of trauma, cause of TDI, and location of the traumatic incident, were obtained. Clinical oral and radiographic examinations were conducted in accordance with the current guidelines of the German Society of Dental, Oral, and Craniomandibular Sciences (DGZMK). The sample comprised 1132 permanent teeth of 578 patients with TDIs. The most frequently injured teeth were upper central incisors (n = 719, 63.5%), followed by upper lateral incisors (n = 231, 20.4%). Fractures were the most frequent injury type (53%, n = 596). TDIs mostly occur due to falling accidents. The majority of traumatic incidents occurred at home (79.4%, n = 459). The injury characteristics are comparable to the results of other international studies. Due to the high prevalence of TDIs in dental medicine, dental practitioners should be equipped to effectively manage their immediate care and treat potential long-term complications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health — Prevention, Diagnostics, Therapy and Quality of Life)

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13 pages, 2327 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Moderate and Severe Dental Fluorosis in the Rural Population of Anantapur, India: Change in Their Biological Susceptibility?

by Trina Mylena García-Escobar, Iván Valdivia-Gandur, Wilson Astudillo-Rozas, Oscar Aceituno-Antezana, Balasubbaiah Yamadala, Vicente Lozano de Luaces, Eduardo Chimenos-Küstner and María Cristina Manzanares-Céspedes

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(18), 11293; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811293 - 08 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3308

Abstract

Dental fluorosis affects the quality of life. A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in a community affected by endemic fluorosis for several generations with a conserved biological and social environment. The study included patients from the rural population of Anantapur, India. The Dean [...] Read more.

Dental fluorosis affects the quality of life. A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in a community affected by endemic fluorosis for several generations with a conserved biological and social environment. The study included patients from the rural population of Anantapur, India. The Dean index (DI) and the Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index (TFI) were used for fluorosis classification. Additionally, water samples were collected for fluoride analysis, taken from the patients’ living areas. The statistical association between the variables was analyzed. In total, 785 patients between 10 and 60 years old were included in the study (58.7% women and 41.3% men). Fluorosis signs were found in 94.6% of patients examined using the DI and 94.4% using the TFI. Moderate–severe dental fluorosis was observed in 62.8% by DI and 73.1% by TFI consuming untreated water with up to 2.9 ppm of fluoride. Furthermore, moderate–severe dental fluorosis was observed in 33.2% by DI and 39.9% by TFI consuming water with ≤1.5 ppm of fluoride. The high prevalence of moderate–severe dental fluorosis in patients consuming water with a low fluoride concentration suggests that other factors are involved. Biological susceptibility change could play an essential role in the severity of dental fluorosis in populations exposed for several generations, affecting its actual and future quality of life. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health — Prevention, Diagnostics, Therapy and Quality of Life)

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15 pages, 541 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Illness Experience and Quality of Life in Sjögren Syndrome Patients

by Gonzalo Rojas-Alcayaga, Andrea Herrera, Iris Espinoza, Matías Rios-Erazo, Jacqueline Aguilar, Loreto Leiva, Nailah Shakhtur, Pamela Wurmann and Rinie Geenen

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(17), 10969; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710969 - 02 Sep 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1772

Abstract

Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a disease with autoimmune features that affects mainly women and compromises the health-related quality of Life (HRQoL); it is important to evaluate illness experience for a better understanding of the life situation of the patient. The aim of the [...] Read more.

Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a disease with autoimmune features that affects mainly women and compromises the health-related quality of Life (HRQoL); it is important to evaluate illness experience for a better understanding of the life situation of the patient. The aim of the study was to summarize the individual life experiences and determine the impact of HRQoL and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and their correlation with health self-assessment in women with SS. The life experiences evaluation employed a concept mapping design to structure qualitative content obtained from semi-structured interviews. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to analyze the patient’s experiences. EQ-5D-5L and OHIP-14Sp were used. The correlation between appreciation of the general health status and OHIP-14 was evaluated. The experience classification by patients were analyzed and a dendrogram was obtained, identifying 10 clusters of disease experiences of SS, being limitations, pain and difficulties, coping and attitudes towards treatment the most common. Pain/discomfort in EQ-5D-5L and physical pain and psychological discomfort in OHIP-14 were the most affected dimensions in the patients. The results support the theoretical perspective that the experience of illness is relevant to describing the main difficulties of patients with SS and how it affects their quality of life. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health — Prevention, Diagnostics, Therapy and Quality of Life)

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16 pages, 1653 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Methods of Definitive Correction of Mandibular Deformity in Hemimandibular Hyperplasia Based on Radiological, Anatomical, and Topographical Measurements—Proposition of Author’s Own Protocol

by Kamil Nelke, Klaudiusz Łuczak, Maciej Janeczek, Edyta Pasicka, Monika Morawska-Kochman, Maciej Guziński and Maciej Dobrzyński

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(16), 10005; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610005 - 13 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1728

Abstract

In order to fully evaluate and establish the degree of bone overgrowth, various radiological studies are essential in the careful planning of the amount of surgical excision. In the presented paper, the authors use self-designed anatomo-topographical reference points for planning the surgeries. Routine [...] Read more.

In order to fully evaluate and establish the degree of bone overgrowth, various radiological studies are essential in the careful planning of the amount of surgical excision. In the presented paper, the authors use self-designed anatomo-topographical reference points for planning the surgeries. Routine panoramic radiographs and low-dose computed tomography based on anatomical landmarks help in measuring the proportions of mandibular bone overgrowth with the following preoperative anatomical landmarks: (Go-Go), (Go(Right)-Gn), (Go(Left)-Gn), and (Me–Gn). Measurements taken at selected points and landmarks (gonion-gnathion/gnathion-menton) are easy to conduct. In the authors’ proposal, the main key factor is total chin correction, which is necessary in cases of severe overgrowth; when F0 > C and Go-Gn>, there is >7 mm of vertical bone overgrowth, and the mandibular canal is positioned <5 mm from the inferior mandibular border—MIB. Larger overgrowths (>7 mm) have a greater outcome on the final symmetry than smaller overgrowths. As no guidelines are known, the authors present their own proposal. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health — Prevention, Diagnostics, Therapy and Quality of Life)

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12 pages, 1998 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A New Approach to Diagnosis to Posterior Cross Bite: Intraoral Photography and Wala Ridge

by Rocío Ramón, Alberto Adanero and Mónica Miegimolle

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(15), 9443; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159443 - 01 Aug 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2642

Abstract

A posterior crossbite is an occlusion disorder that occurs in the transverse plane. It occurs when the buccal cusps of the upper premolars and molars engage lingually with the buccal cusps of the lower teeth. It can be unilateral or bilateral (involving one [...] Read more.

A posterior crossbite is an occlusion disorder that occurs in the transverse plane. It occurs when the buccal cusps of the upper premolars and molars engage lingually with the buccal cusps of the lower teeth. It can be unilateral or bilateral (involving one or more teeth) in the primary, mixed, or permanent dentition. A crossbite may appear in early dentition stages and it can be dental or functional. It can lead to skeletal crossbite in mixed dentition. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial. Material and methods: The selected sample included 204 patients in growing stage divided into two groups: a study group of 102 patients with posterior crossbite and a control group of 102 patients without malocclusion. To analyze the pathology, intraoral frontal photographs and study models were taken, in which the bone component was measured from the Wala Ridge. Results: The use of the photographs to study the Wala Ridge was confirmed. The mean maxillary width was 57.8 mm (SD 1.7) and mandibular width was 56.4 mm (SD 1.7) for the control group, with a maxillomandibular difference of 1.4 mm (SD 0.7); and 52.7 mm (SD 3.7) and 55.5 mm (SD 3.6), respectively, with a maxillomandibular difference of −2.8 mm (SD 1.4) for the study group. A higher maxillomandibular discrepancy was observed in patients with a posterior crossbite that involved more than one tooth in addition to the permanent first molar. It was also higher in patients with bilateral posterior crossbite. Conclusions: Intraoral frontal photography can be used as a diagnostic method to measure the maxillomandibular difference using the Wala Ridge. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health — Prevention, Diagnostics, Therapy and Quality of Life)

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12 pages, 2073 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Converting Bilateral Free-End Removable Partial Dentures to Implant-Assisted Removable Partial Dentures Using 6 mm Short Implants: Patient-Reported Outcomes of a Prospective Clinical Study

by Samir Abou-Ayash, Anne-Carole Rudaz, Simone Janner, Dominik Kraus, Martin Schimmel and Norbert Enkling

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(15), 8998; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19158998 - 24 Jul 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2500

Abstract

The study assessed oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients who received two 6 mm short implants in mandibular molar sites, converting existing bilateral free-end removable partial dentures (RPDs) to implant-assisted RPDs (IARPDs). After a postsurgical healing period of 4 months, the [...] Read more.

The study assessed oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients who received two 6 mm short implants in mandibular molar sites, converting existing bilateral free-end removable partial dentures (RPDs) to implant-assisted RPDs (IARPDs). After a postsurgical healing period of 4 months, the participants received a non-retentive dome abutment for 8 weeks, and then a retentive ball abutment for another 8 weeks. Afterwards, the participants made their final choice on which abutment to keep. The final follow-up was 1 year after implant placement. OHRQoL was evaluated with the 49-items version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-49) at the abutment exchanges and the final follow-up. Furthermore, numerical rating scales were used to analyze patient satisfaction after 1 year. Questionnaire data of 13 participants were evaluated. Overall, OHRQoL increased with both the dome (p = 0.02) and the ball abutments (p < 0.001), without a significant difference between the abutments (p = 0.953). The questionnaires revealed an improvement in terms of oral situation, quality of life, and masticatory capacity (all p < 0.01). Patients showed a significant preference for the ball abutments (p < 0.001). Converting RPDs to IARPDs resulted in significant improvement of OHRQoL. Patients seem to prefer retentive over non-retentive abutments, although no differences in terms of OHRQoL were observed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health — Prevention, Diagnostics, Therapy and Quality of Life)

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12 pages, 1947 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Matrix Type on Marginal Gap Formation of Deep Class II Bulk-Fill Composite Restorations

by Britta Hahn, Imme Haubitz, Ralf Krug, Gabriel Krastl and Sebastian Soliman

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(9), 4961; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19094961 - 19 Apr 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2702

Abstract

Background: To test the hypothesis that transparent matrices result in more continuous margins of bulk-fill composite (BFC) restorations than metal matrices. Methods: Forty standardized MOD cavities in human molars with cervical margins in enamel and dentin were created and randomly assigned to four [...] Read more.

Background: To test the hypothesis that transparent matrices result in more continuous margins of bulk-fill composite (BFC) restorations than metal matrices. Methods: Forty standardized MOD cavities in human molars with cervical margins in enamel and dentin were created and randomly assigned to four restorative treatment protocols: conventional nanohybrid composite (NANO) restoration (Tetric EvoCeram, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) with a metal matrix (NANO-METAL) versus transparent matrix (NANO-TRANS), and bulk-fill composite restoration (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) with a metal matrix (BFC-METAL) versus transparent matrix (BFC-TRANS). After artificial aging (2500 thermal cycles), marginal quality was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy using the replica technique. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann–Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon test. The level of significance was p < 0.05. Results: Metal matrices yielded significantly (p = 0.0011) more continuous margins (46.211%) than transparent matrices (27.073%). Differences in continuous margins between NANO (34.482%) and BFC (38.802%) were not significant (p = 0.56). Matrix type did not influence marginal gap formation in BFC (p = 0.27) but did in NANO restorations (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Metal matrices positively influence the marginal quality of class II composite restorations, especially in deep cavity areas. The bulk-fill composite seems to be less sensitive to the influence of factors such as light polymerization and matrix type. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health — Prevention, Diagnostics, Therapy and Quality of Life)

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9 pages, 2018 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tolerance of Human Fibroblasts to Benfo-Oxythiamine In Vitro

by Ming Yan, Ralf Smeets, Martin Gosau, Tobias Vollkommer, Sandra Fuest, Eva Stetzer, Lan Kluwe, Johannes F. Coy and Simon Burg

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(7), 4112; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074112 - 30 Mar 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1703

Abstract

Objectives: To explore the potential application of B-OT in the aspiration tract. Materials and Methods: We conceived and optimized an in vitro model simulating the mouth-washing process to assess tolerance to B-OT on primary human gingival fibroblasts. Cells derived from 4 unrelated donors [...] Read more.

Objectives: To explore the potential application of B-OT in the aspiration tract. Materials and Methods: We conceived and optimized an in vitro model simulating the mouth-washing process to assess tolerance to B-OT on primary human gingival fibroblasts. Cells derived from 4 unrelated donors were flushed with medium containing drugs of various concentration for one minute twice daily for 3 days. Results: No effect was seen on the cells up to 1000 µM B-OT. In addition, we treated the cells with B-OT permanently in medium, corresponding to a systemic treatment. No effect was seen by 10 µM B-OT and only a slight reduction (approximately 10%) was seen by 100 µM B-OT. Conclusions: Our results suggest good tolerance of oral cells for B-OT, favoring the further development of this antiviral reagent as a mouth-washing solution and nasal spray. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health — Prevention, Diagnostics, Therapy and Quality of Life)

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12 pages, 837 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Correlation between Salivary Levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-3, IGF-1/IGFBP3 Ratio with Skeletal Maturity Using Hand-Wrist Radiographs

by Abdullah Almalki, Julie Toby Thomas, Abdul Rehman Ahmed Khan, Basim Almulhim, Abdullah Alassaf, Sara Ayid Alghamdi, Betsy Joseph, Ali Alqerban and Saud Alotaibi

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(6), 3723; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063723 - 21 Mar 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5872

Abstract

Objective: The relevance of growth determination in orthodontics is driving the search for the most precise and least invasive way of tracking the pubertal growth spurt. Our aim was to explore whether minimally invasive salivary estimation of biomarkers Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and [...] Read more.

Objective: The relevance of growth determination in orthodontics is driving the search for the most precise and least invasive way of tracking the pubertal growth spurt. Our aim was to explore whether minimally invasive salivary estimation of biomarkers Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) could be used to estimate skeletal maturity for clinical convenience, especially in children and adolescent age groups. Materials and Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted on 90 participants (56 girls and 34 males) with ages ranging from 6 to 25 years. Each subject’s hand-wrist radiograph was categorized based on skeletal maturity, and saliva samples were estimated for IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 using the respective ELISA kits. Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric ANOVA was applied to compare different skeletal stages. Results: The study demonstrated low salivary IGF-1 levels at the prepubertal stage, with increase during pubertal onset and peak pubertal stage followed by a decline during pubertal deceleration to growth completion. Spearman’s correlation coefficient demonstrated a strong positive association (r = 0.98 p < 0.01) between salivary IGF/IGFBP-3 ratio and different stages of skeletal maturity. Conclusion: Salivary IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and IGF/IGFBP-3 ratio could serve as a potential biochemical marker for predicting the completion of skeletal maturity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health — Prevention, Diagnostics, Therapy and Quality of Life)

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13 pages, 2573 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Can Teledentistry Replace Conventional Clinical Follow-Up Care for Minor Dental Surgery? A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial

by Diana Heimes, Philipp Luhrenberg, Nils Langguth, Sebahat Kaya, Christine Obst and Peer W. Kämmerer

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(6), 3444; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063444 - 15 Mar 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1919

Abstract

(1) Background: Born out of necessity, the implementation of digital processes experienced significant increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, telemedicine offered a bridge to care and now an opportunity to reinvent virtual and hybrid care models, with the goal of improved healthcare access, [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Born out of necessity, the implementation of digital processes experienced significant increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, telemedicine offered a bridge to care and now an opportunity to reinvent virtual and hybrid care models, with the goal of improved healthcare access, outcomes, and affordability. The aim of this monocentric prospective, randomized trial was to compare conventional to telephone follow-up after minor dentoalveolar surgery on the basis of special aftercare questionnaires. (2) Methods: Sixty patients who underwent dentoalveolar surgery under local anesthesia were randomly assigned to both groups. After an average of four days, either telephone follow-up (test) or conventional personal aftercare (control) was performed. Based on the questionnaire, the following subject areas were evaluated: symptoms, complications, satisfaction with practitioner, travel, and waiting time, as well as the preferred form of follow-up care. (3) Results: There was no statistically significant difference regarding frequency of symptoms or complication rate. Patients who were assigned to the test group showed a clear tendency to prefer telephone follow-up (83.3%) to conventional aftercare (16.7%, p = 0.047). (4) Conclusions: The data suggest high acceptance of telephone-only follow-up after dentoalveolar surgery. The implementation of telemedicine could be a time- and money-saving alternative for both patients and healthcare professionals and provide healthcare access regardless of time and space. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health — Prevention, Diagnostics, Therapy and Quality of Life)

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11 pages, 622 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Treatment of Severe Caries and Molar Incisor Hypomineralization and Its Influence on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Children: A Comparative Study

by Sarra Altner, Markus Ebel, Valentin Ritschl, Tanja Stamm, Christian Hirsch and Katrin Bekes

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(5), 2983; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052983 - 03 Mar 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2729

Abstract

Background: Treatment of oral diseases can have a long-lasting impact on a child’s life well beyond its childhood years. The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of treatment on the oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children with severe caries [...] Read more.

Background: Treatment of oral diseases can have a long-lasting impact on a child’s life well beyond its childhood years. The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of treatment on the oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children with severe caries and severe molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Methods: A total of 210 children (mean age 9 years; 49% female) with severe caries (inner third of dentin) and severe MIH (post-eruptive breakdown, crown destruction) were included in the study. Both groups were matched according to age, gender, and social status. The German version of the Child Perception Questionnaire for 8–10-year-olds (CPQ-G8–10) was used before and after treatment to analyze the impact on OHRQoL. Results: Patients with severe MIH showed a significantly higher total CPQ score (17.8 (±10.6)) before treatment compared to the caries group (13.8 (±14.3)). The mean CPQ score in all subdomains decreased significantly after therapy in the MIH group. Children with severe carious lesions had similar results except in the domain “functional limitations”, as treatment led to only minor changes (2.9 (±3.6) to 2.2 (±2.6)). Conclusions: Despite a narrower treatment spectrum, patients with severe MIH experienced a greater overall improvement in OHRQoL compared to the caries group. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health — Prevention, Diagnostics, Therapy and Quality of Life)

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11 pages, 1858 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Study of Salivary pH, Buffer Capacity, and Flow in Patients with and without Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

by Farah Bechir, Mariana Pacurar, Adrian Tohati and Simona Maria Bataga

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(1), 201; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010201 - 25 Dec 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 6055

Abstract

The oral cavity has specific and individualized characteristics, with pH, saliva flow, buffer capacity, temperature, and microorganisms content influencing oral health. Currently, the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is constantly increasing. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the [...] Read more.

The oral cavity has specific and individualized characteristics, with pH, saliva flow, buffer capacity, temperature, and microorganisms content influencing oral health. Currently, the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is constantly increasing. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the saliva quantity at 5 min, salivary pH, and salivary buffer capacity in patients with and without GERD, necessary for establishing the correct dental treatment plan. A Saliva-Check Buffer (GC) kit was used for the determination of salivary variables. The total number of 80 patients included in the study were divided into a study group and a control group, each containing 40 patients. Saliva quantity at 5 min was lower in patients suffering from GERD. The salivary pH of these patients turned to acid values compared to the salivary pH of controls, where the values were within the normal range. In patients with GERD, the determined salivary buffer capacity was low or very low. The use of the Saliva-Check Buffer (GC) kit is a simple, easy, non-invasive and patient-accepted method, which can also be used in the dentist’s office to assess the saliva buffer capacity and pH, variables that are important for establishing a correct dental treatment plan. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health — Prevention, Diagnostics, Therapy and Quality of Life)

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11 pages, 987 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Association of Dental and Prosthetic Status with Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Centenarians

by Caroline Sekundo, Eva Langowski, Samuel Kilian, Diana Wolff, Andreas Zenthöfer and Cornelia Frese

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(24), 13219; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413219 - 15 Dec 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1677

Abstract

To date, there is little evidence on centenarians’ dental and prosthetic status or their oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess possible associations between sociodemographic and oral health factors, including prosthetic needs in this special age [...] Read more.

To date, there is little evidence on centenarians’ dental and prosthetic status or their oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess possible associations between sociodemographic and oral health factors, including prosthetic needs in this special age group and their potential influence on OHRQoL. Persons born before 1920 were recruited from population registries in south-western Germany. Fifty-five centenarians participated and underwent a comprehensive oral examination. Cognitive capacity was evaluated using the short Mini-Mental State Examination (S-MMSE, max. 21 points). At an S-MMSE > 10, an analysis of OHRQoL by means of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (max. ADD-GOHAI score 60 points) was performed (n = 43). Bivariate statistics and a linear regression model were used after variable selection to analyze data. Centenarians presented with a mean (SD) of 22 (7.2) missing teeth. Complete (65.5%) or partial dentures (21.8%) in at least one jaw were most common. One-third of the dentures needed repair/replacement; 16% of the centenarians presented with denture sores. In 60% of cases, OHRQoL was rated unsatisfactory (ADD-GOHAI < 57). Trouble biting or chewing resulted in the lowest levels of OHRQoL. Fewer remaining teeth, reduced functional capacity and removable prostheses correlated with an impaired OHRQoL (r_s = −0.36, p = 0.01; r_s = −0.34, p = 0.01; r_s = −0.29, p = 0.03, respectively). After variable selection, the final linear regression model included only the number of missing teeth, the associated ADD-GOHAI score decreasing by 0.3 points per missing tooth. In conclusion, tooth loss and removable prostheses in need of repair or replacement are highly prevalent in centenarians. These factors seem to modulate OHRQoL negatively, assumedly due to impaired chewing function. Larger confirmatory studies are needed to validate these first results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health — Prevention, Diagnostics, Therapy and Quality of Life)

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10 pages, 328 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Preventive Tooth Extractions on Quality of Life in Patients with Antiresorptive Intake—A Prospective Longitudinal Study

by Thomas Rückschloß, Julius Moratin, Sven Zittel, Maximilian Pilz, Christoph Roser, Michael Engel, Christian Freudlsperger, Jürgen Hoffmann and Oliver Ristow

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(21), 11650; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111650 - 06 Nov 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1550

Abstract

Background: To find out whether preventive tooth extractions in patients on antiresorptive therapy have a direct impact on the patients’ overall quality of life (QoL); Methods: QoL using the five-level version of the EuroQol Group’s EQ-5D instrument (EQ-5D-5L) was longitudinally assessed in N [...] Read more.

Background: To find out whether preventive tooth extractions in patients on antiresorptive therapy have a direct impact on the patients’ overall quality of life (QoL); Methods: QoL using the five-level version of the EuroQol Group’s EQ-5D instrument (EQ-5D-5L) was longitudinally assessed in N = 114 prospectively enrolled patients with indication of preventive tooth extraction over a period of 12 months. Patients were stratified as high-risk (malignant disease with bone metastasis or multiple myeloma, with monthly high-dose antiresorptive therapy delivered intravenously [bisphosphonate] or subcutaneously [denosumab]) and low-risk/osteoporosis patients (weekly low-dose antiresorptive therapy administered orally [bisphosphonate] or half-yearly subcutaneously [denosumab]). The measurement time points were 4 weeks preoperatively (T0), 2 months (T1) and 1 year postoperatively (T2), respectively. Results: EQ-5D-5L index scores fell in a range from −0.21 to 1.00 in the low-risk group to 0.15 to 1.00 in the high-risk group. The t-test comparing the baseline index scores of both groups showed EQ-5D-5L index score in the low-risk group (0.708 ± 0.292) to be significantly smaller (p = 0.037) than in the high-risk group (0.807 ± 0.19). ANCOVA showed no significant differences in EQ-5D-5L index scores between the groups at T1 and T2. Conclusions: Preventive tooth extractions in patients undergoing antiresorptive treatment have no negative effect on QoL. Therefore, if indicated, preventive tooth extraction should not be omitted. Patient-oriented outcome measures are important to obtain a good risk–benefit balance for patient-specific treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health — Prevention, Diagnostics, Therapy and Quality of Life)

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Open AccessReview

by Valentina Duarte, Carlos Zaror, Julio Villanueva, Matías Andreo, Matías Dallaserra, Josefina Salazar, Àngels Pont and Montse Ferrer

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(4), 1940; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19041940 - 09 Feb 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4385

Abstract

Our aim was to assess the impact of combined orthodontic–surgical treatment on patients’ oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) according to type of dentofacial deformities, by synthesizing the available evidence. Methods: Search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. The [...] Read more.

Our aim was to assess the impact of combined orthodontic–surgical treatment on patients’ oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) according to type of dentofacial deformities, by synthesizing the available evidence. Methods: Search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. The eligibility criteria were studies that measured OHRQoL before–after orthognathic surgery, with results disaggregated by Class II and III. Two researchers independently performed the selection process, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment. Meta-analysis of the standard mean differences (SMD) was performed using random effect models. Results: The search identified 1047 references. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria, and four were included in the meta-analysis. The SMD of OHRQL global score showed large improvement 4–7 months after surgery in Class II and III patients (2.09, 95% CI 0.68 to 3.49 and 1.96, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.70, respectively). The sensitivity analyses, excluding studies with weak methodological quality, showed that Class III patients’ improvement in functional limitation was significantly higher than in Class II patients (SMD 0.57, 95% CI 0.12–1.02). Conclusions: There is not enough evidence to support differences between Class II and III patients in the OHRQoL impact after orthognathic surgery, but findings suggest lower improvement of some domains in Class II patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health — Prevention, Diagnostics, Therapy and Quality of Life)

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15 pages, 598 KiB

Open AccessProject Report

Comparison of Clonazepam and Tongue Protector in the Treatment of Burning Mouth Syndrome

by Jacek Zborowski and Tomasz Konopka

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(15), 8999; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19158999 - 24 Jul 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2795

Abstract

Background: BMS is a chronic pain syndrome affecting the oral mucosa. It consists of experiencing a burning or dysesthetic sensation. BMS prevalence varies, with up to 15% among women. An effective treatment is still unattainable. Material and Methods: A total of 60 patients [...] Read more.

Background: BMS is a chronic pain syndrome affecting the oral mucosa. It consists of experiencing a burning or dysesthetic sensation. BMS prevalence varies, with up to 15% among women. An effective treatment is still unattainable. Material and Methods: A total of 60 patients with BMS qualified for a randomised trial, divided in two groups: the clonazepam-treated and tongue protector group. Treatment was provided for 4 weeks in both groups. In the former, the oral dosage of clonazepam 0.5 mg; in the latter, a tongue protector was used. Clinical oral examination was performed, and the presence of taste disorder and pain intensity, on the visual analogues scale, were recorded. Psychological domains were explored with the Beck depression inventory (depression), Athens insomnia scale (insomnia), Eyesenck personality questionnaire-revised (personality traits), and WHO quality of life questionnaire (quality of life). Results: Complete recovery was observed in three patients after clonazepam and one patient after tongue guard treatment. A greater improvement in the VAS scores, from baseline to the control values, was demonstrated in the clonazepam group, and it was statistically significant. In women, the level of depression significantly correlated with all domains of quality of life. Conclusions: BMS is an ongoing multi-specialist challenge. The development of new pathophysiological concepts of BMS offers hope for more effective treatment. Considering the influence of BMS on the quality of life and mental disorders in most patients, further research on the possibilities of therapy seems to be very important. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health — Prevention, Diagnostics, Therapy and Quality of Life)

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15 pages, 934 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Orthodontic Forced Eruption of Permanent Anterior Teeth with Subgingival Fractures: A Systematic Review

by Elisabeth Reichardt, Ralf Krug, Michael M. Bornstein, Jürgen Tomasch, Carlalberta Verna and Gabriel Krastl

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(23), 12580; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312580 - 29 Nov 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3901

Abstract

(1) Background: To assess orthodontic forced eruption (OFE) as a pre-restorative procedure for non-restorable permanent teeth with subgingival dental hard tissue defects after dental trauma. (2) Methods: A systematic electronic search of three databases, namely, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE, revealed a total [...] Read more.

(1) Background: To assess orthodontic forced eruption (OFE) as a pre-restorative procedure for non-restorable permanent teeth with subgingival dental hard tissue defects after dental trauma. (2) Methods: A systematic electronic search of three databases, namely, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE, revealed a total of 2757 eligible publications. Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT), retro- and prospective clinical studies, or case series (with a minimum of three patients) were reviewed. (3) Results: Thirteen full-text papers were included: one RCT, one prospective clinical trial, two retrospective cohort studies, and nine case series. Within case series, statistical significance between age and cause of fracture (p < 0.03) was determined. The mean extrusion rate of OFE was 1.5 mm a week within a four to six weeks treatment period followed by retention. Three OFE protocols for maxillary single teeth are available: 1. OFE without migration of gingiva and alveolar bone, 2. OFE with gingival migration and slight alveolar bone migration, and 3. OFE with migration of both gingiva and alveolar bone. (4) Conclusions: The current state of the evidence suggests that OFE is a feasible pre-treatment option for non-restorable permanent teeth. OFE can promote the migration of tooth surrounding hard and soft tissues in the esthetic zone. Root resorption does not seem to be a relevant side effect of OFE. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health — Prevention, Diagnostics, Therapy and Quality of Life)

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