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Environmental Behavior of Nanomaterials
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Environmental Behavior of Nanomaterials

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2020) | Viewed by 10345

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jun Hou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
Interests: water quality improvement technology; water environment protection and bioremediation; coupling of biofilms and active substrata; ecological engineering; nanomaterials for environmental remediation; environmental behaviors of nanomaterials; toxicity of manufactured nanoparticles
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Yanhui Ao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikan Road, Nanjing 210098, China
Interests: water resources protection; water remediation technology; water splitting; environmentally friendly materials; behavior of manufactured nanomaterials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, the rapid development of nanotechnology has greatly promoted the progress of human society. However, with the rapid development of nanotechnology, a large number of nanomaterials are emitted into water bodies and cause environmental problems. Due to their small diameter and strong dispersibility, nanomaterials easily migrate with water and are adsorbed by plants and animals in the ecosystem, causing biological toxicity and endangering the health of aquatic organisms and water ecological security. Therefore, nanomaterials have been regarded as a new type of pollutant. On the other hand, nanomaterials with strong binding ability interact with pollutants or other dissolved matter in water, thus affecting their biological toxicity. Therefore, the study of the mechanisms of the aggregation and sedimentation behavior of nanoparticles under the influence of various factors will provide a theoretical basis for the transport/diffusion and environmental trend of nanomaterials. The effect and mechanism of pollutants’ (or other dissolved matter) on the aggregation and sedimentation of nanomaterials in water will provide a theoretical basis for the joint removal of nanomaterials and refractory organics in water. This has important theoretical significance and application value for reducing the environmental pollution of nanomaterials.

This Special Issue seeks research papers on various aspects of the “Environmental Behavior of Nanomaterials”. Especially, we encourage the submission of interdisciplinary work and multi-country collaborative research. We welcome original research papers as well as systematic reviews.

Dr. Jun Hou
Prof. Dr. Yanhui Ao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanomaterials/nanoparticles
  • environmental behavior
  • biological toxicity
  • aggregation
  • sedimentation
  • dissolution
  • ion release
  • organic pollutants/inorganic pollutants
  • cations/anions
  • natural light
  • dissolved matters
  • hydrodynamic force
  • microbial aggregate
  • streams/rivers/reservoirs/lakes

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2124 KiB  
Article
Effect of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on the Chemical Speciation of Heavy Metals and Micronutrient Bioavailability in Paddy Soil
by Wei Zhang, Jinghua Long, Jie Li, Meng Zhang, Xingyin Ye, Wenjing Chang and Hui Zeng
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(7), 2482; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072482 - 05 Apr 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2632
Abstract
The effects of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) on heavy metal fate and biotoxicity in farmland soil are mostly unknown. A flooding–drying simulation experiment was conducted to study the effects of three typical metal oxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs, ZnO-NPs and CuO-NPs) on the chemical [...] Read more.
The effects of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) on heavy metal fate and biotoxicity in farmland soil are mostly unknown. A flooding–drying simulation experiment was conducted to study the effects of three typical metal oxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs, ZnO-NPs and CuO-NPs) on the chemical speciation of heavy metals and micronutrient bioavailability in paddy soil. The results showed that the addition of ZnO-NPs and CuO-NPs caused significant increases in soil pH, Eh and EC after a 90-d flooding–drying process. ZnO-NPs and CuO-NPs addition caused clearly increase in the Zn and Cu concentrations in the acid-soluble fraction, Fe/Mn oxides-bound fraction and organic-bound fraction, leading to higher bioavailability in the soil. DTPA-extractable Zn and Cu increased to 184.6 mg kg−1 and 145.3 mg kg−1 in the maximum ZnO-NPs and CuO-NPs concentration treatments (500 mg kg−1). TiO2-NPs promoted the transformation of Mn from a Fe/Mn oxides-bound fraction to an acid-soluble fraction. Soil Cd bioavailability obviously decreased in the TiO2-NPs treatment but increased in the ZnO-NPs and CuO-NPs treatments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Behavior of Nanomaterials)
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15 pages, 3937 KiB  
Article
Response of the Intertidal Microbial Community Structure and Metabolic Profiles to Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Exposure
by Yinghai Wu, Xinyu Rong, Cuiya Zhang, Renduo Zhang, Tao He, Yunjun Yu, Zhuangming Zhao, Jing Yang and Rui Han
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(7), 2253; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072253 - 27 Mar 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2393
Abstract
The toxicity of nanomaterials to microorganisms is related to their dose and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the shifts in the microbial community structure and metabolic profiles and to evaluate the environmental factors in a laboratory scale intertidal [...] Read more.
The toxicity of nanomaterials to microorganisms is related to their dose and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the shifts in the microbial community structure and metabolic profiles and to evaluate the environmental factors in a laboratory scale intertidal wetland system exposed to zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). Microbial assemblages were determined using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Community-level physiological profiles were determined using Biolog-ECO technology. Results showed Proteobacteria was the predominant (42.6%–55.8%) phylum across all the sediments, followed by Bacteroidetes (18.9%–29.0%). The genera Azoarcus, Maribacter, and Thauera were most frequently detected. At the studied concentrations (40 mg·L−1, 80 mg·L−1, 120 mg·L−1), ZnO NPs had obvious impacts on the activity of Proteobacteria. Adverse effects were particularly evident in sulfur and nitrogen cycling bacteria such as Sulfitobacter, unidentified_Nitrospiraceae, Thauera, and Azoarcus. The alpha diversity index of microbial community did not reflect stronger biological toxicity in the groups with high NP concentrations (80 mg·L−1, 120 mg·L−1) than the group with low NP concentration (40 mg·L−1). The average well color development (AWCD) values of periodically submersed groups were higher than those of long-term submersed groups. The group with NP concentration (40 mg·L−1) had the lowest AWCD value; those of the groups with high NP concentrations (80 mg·L−1, 120 mg·L−1) were slightly lower than that of the control group. The beta diversity showed that tidal activity shaped the similar microbial community among the periodically submerged groups, as well as the long-term submerged groups. The groups with high DO concentrations had higher diversity of the microbial community, better metabolic ability, and stronger resistance to ZnO NPs than the groups with a low DO concentration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Behavior of Nanomaterials)
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11 pages, 2366 KiB  
Article
Effect of Increased Influent COD on Relieving the Toxicity of CeO2 NPs on Aerobic Granular Sludge
by Xiaoying Zheng, Yuan Zhang, Wei Chen, Weihong Wang, Hang Xu, Xiaoyao Shao, Mengmeng Yang, Zhi Xu and Linghua Zhu
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(19), 3609; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193609 - 26 Sep 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2133
Abstract
Due to the increased use of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs), their potential environmental risks have caused concern. However, their effects on the aerobic granular sludge (AGS) process and the later recovery of AGS are still unclear. In this study, we comprehensively [...] Read more.
Due to the increased use of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs), their potential environmental risks have caused concern. However, their effects on the aerobic granular sludge (AGS) process and the later recovery of AGS are still unclear. In this study, we comprehensively determined the changes in pollutant removal and the levels of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in AGS that were exposed to CeO2 NP treatments (0 (the control, R0), 1 (R1), and 5 (R5) mg/L), following an increase in the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD). An increase in the CeO2 NP concentration enhanced their inhibitory effect on the removal of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), and promoted the production of polysaccharides (PS) and proteins (PN) in loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) or tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), as well as the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) components in EPS, but had no long-term effects on the removal of organic matter. When the addition of CeO2 NPs was stopped and the concentration of influent COD increased, the TN and TP removal efficiencies in R1 and R5 slowly increased and recovered. In R1, they were only 4.55 ± 0.55% and 2.71 ± 0.58% lower than in R0, respectively, while the corresponding values for R5 were 5.06 ± 0.46% and 6.20 ± 0.63%. Despite the LB-EPS and TB-EPS concentrations in the R1 and R5 treatments recovering and being similar to the levels in the control when no CeO2 NPs were added, they were still slightly higher than in the R0, which indicating that the negative effects of CeO2 NPs could not be completely eliminated due to the residual CeO2 NP levels in AGS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Behavior of Nanomaterials)
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20 pages, 4136 KiB  
Article
Turbulent Aggregation and Deposition Mechanism of Respirable Dust Pollutants under Wet Dedusting using a Two-Fluid Model with the Population Balance Method
by Pei Wang, Shuai Shen, Ling Zhou and Deyou Liu
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(18), 3359; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183359 - 11 Sep 2019
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2536
Abstract
In this paper, a mathematical model based on the two-fluid (Euler–Euler) frame model for wet dedusting process is proposed. The model considers in detail the aggregation of particles and droplets caused by turbulence and Brownian diffusion as well as the gravitational deposition process. [...] Read more.
In this paper, a mathematical model based on the two-fluid (Euler–Euler) frame model for wet dedusting process is proposed. The model considers in detail the aggregation of particles and droplets caused by turbulence and Brownian diffusion as well as the gravitational deposition process. The population balance model (PBM) is used to describe the spatiotemporal evolution of particle size distribution (PSD) for the dust particle and the water droplet. The wet dedusting process under different conditions is simulated and compared with the detailed experimental data. The results show that the experimental data and simulation results are within the allowable range of error (about 32.3–61.2% in dedusting efficiency for respirable dust by experimental data and about 47.3–57.9% in it by simulation results). This model can be used to predict the effect of PSD of the dust particle, spray flow, and ventilation rate on dedusting efficiency of wet dedusting. The parameter analysis shows that dedusting efficiency decreases as particle size decreases. In order to ensure high capture efficiency of respirable dust, the diameter of droplets should be controlled to between 15 μm and 70 μm. The ratio of droplet volume flow to dust volume flow increases from 2.0 to 12.0, while dedusting efficiency only increases from 39.2% to 54.7%, so it is clear that for spray quantity to dedusting efficiency, larger is not necessarily better. Besides this, the speeds of both spray droplets and ventilation also have great influence on dedusting efficiency, and the related formulas are given. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Behavior of Nanomaterials)
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