International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

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Groundwater Pollution Modelling and Monitoring

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Dear Colleagues,

In terms of preventing groundwater pollution, grasping the transport law of pollutants in groundwater and the scientific evaluation of pollution degree are increasing in importance, which is the scientific basis for groundwater development and utilization, as well as environmental protection. The groundwater pollution model can provide quantitative information regarding the impact of harmful substances on the groundwater environment, thereby contributing to scientific evaluation and rational development and utilization of groundwater resources. The deployment and optimization of the groundwater monitoring network can obtain sufficient groundwater dynamic information, better reflect the changing characteristics of the groundwater environment, and facilitate the formulation of human intervention control work. The development of groundwater environmental management requires groundwater pollution sources and pollution channels to be identified and pollution risk warning, prevention and restoration to be conducted. Model building and monitoring methods that may be helpful for groundwater pollution analysis are highlighted in this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Bo Li
Guest Editor

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Keywords

groundwater pollution
pollutant transport simulation
pollution risk warning
monitoring deployment and optimization
pollution prevention and restoration

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Research

15 pages, 4007 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Remediation of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) Using Steel Slag: Mechanism of the Alkalinity Decayed Process

by Lei Yang, Yuegang Tang, Duanning Cao and Mingyuan Yang

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 2805; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042805 - 4 Feb 2023

Viewed by 1566

Abstract

Steel slag has been proven to be an effective environment remediation media for acid neutralization, and a potential aid to mitigate acid mine drainage (AMD). Yet its acid neutralization capacity (ANC) is frequently inhibited by precipitate after a period of time, while the characteristics of the precipitate formation process are unclear yet. In this study, ANC for basic oxygen steel slag was conducted by neutralization experiments with dilute sulfuric acid (0.1 M) and real AMD. Some partially neutralized steel slag samples were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy combined with an energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), and N₂ adsorption tests to investigate the potential formation process of the precipitate. The results indicated that Ca-bearing constitutes leaching and sulfate formation were two main reactions throughout the neutralization process. A prominent transition turning point from leaching to precipitate was at about 40% of the neutralization process. Tricalcium silicate (Ca₃SiO₅) played a dominant role in the alkalinity-releasing stage among Ca-bearing components, while the new-formed well crystalline CaSO₄ changed the microstructure of steel slag and further hindered alkaline components releasing. For steel slag of 200 mesh size, the ANC value for the steel slag sample was 8.23 mmol H⁺/g when dilute sulfate acid was used. Neutralization experiments conducted by real AMD confirmed that the steel slag ANC was also influenced by the high contaminants, such as Fe²⁺, due to the hydroxides precipitate reactions except for sulfate formation reactions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Groundwater Pollution Modelling and Monitoring)

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17 pages, 5212 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mechanism of Changes in Goaf Water Hydrogeochemistry: A Case Study of the Menkeqing Coal Mine

by Xianming Zhao, Zhimin Xu and Yajun Sun

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(1), 536; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010536 - 28 Dec 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1294

Abstract

Goaf water in mining areas is widely found in China’s coal mines. To clarify the hydrogeochemical characteristics of goaf water and the influence mechanism of water–rock interaction and further reveal microbial action on the formation of goaf water quality, the goaf water in the Menkeqing coal mine was taken as the object, and physical modeling was used to simulate the process of the real goaf changing from an oxygen-sufficient environment to an anoxic environment with the rise of groundwater level in this work. The experimental results showed that the water–rock interaction in the goaf was mainly the dissolution–precipitation of minerals in the rocks of the caving zone and fracture zone, cation exchange, and oxidation of pyrite in the coal layer. The primary sources of Na⁺ and K⁺ in the goaf water were the dissolution and reverse ion exchange of silicate minerals such as albite and potassium feldspar, while Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ mainly from the dissolution of minerals such as calcium feldspar, calcite, and chlorite. The oxidation of pyrite in coal was the main reason for the increase in SO₄²⁻ concentration, the enhancement of reduction, and the decrease in pH and DO (dissolved oxygen) in the goaf water. Relative abundance of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in goaf (e.g., Desulfosporosinus, Desulfobacterium, etc.) increased gradually, inhibiting the increase in SO₄²⁻ concentration in goaf water through the devulcanization of SRB. The inverse hydrogeochemical modeling was performed using PHREEQC for two stages of the simulation experiment: 0–30 days and 30–300 days. The simulation results show that the water–rock action in the formation of goaf water mainly occurred in the simulation experiment’s early stage (0–30 days), and the mineral dissolution is dominant throughout the experimental stage. The results of the study provide a theoretical reference for the prediction of highly mineralized water pollution in goaf and its prevention and control. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Groundwater Pollution Modelling and Monitoring)

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