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High Chromium Levels in Soils and Waters: Origin, Effects and Treatment

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 2963

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Carmine Apollaro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria (UNICAL), 87036 Rende, Italy
Interests: water chemistry; isotope geochemistry; geochemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Alberto Figoli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council, ITM-CNR, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
Interests: polymeric membranes; sustainable membrane preparation; bio-polymeric membranes; flat membranes; hollow-fibers; nano fibers; membrane preparation; membrane characterization; pervaporation; antifouling coatings; self-cleaning membranes; ultra-micro filtration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Rosanna De Rosa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DIBEST), University of Calabria (UniCAL), 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
Interests: water quality; water-rock interaction; soil pollution; heavy metals
Dr. Ilaria Fuoco

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DIBEST), University of Calabria (UniCAL), 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
Interests: water quality; water-rock interaction; soil pollution; heavy metals; water remediation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chromium (Cr) is a dangerous pollutant occurring into the environment due to anthropogenic activities and natural processes. Cr naturally occurs in several oxidation states, although only the Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species are stable at near-surface environment conditions.  It is typically associated with ultramafic rocks and derived soils, because of the Cr(III)-bearing minerals that commonly constitute these lithotypes, such as spinels, pyroxenes, olivines, amphiboles, serpentine minerals, and others. However, due to weathering processes, Cr(III) is oxidizing into highly toxic Cr(VI) species and is widespread into the environment, reaching high levels into soil media and in natural waters used for agricultural and drinking purposes. However, chromium occurrence in the environment is also due to its common use in a large spectrum of industries, such as metallurgical and pigment industries, as well as ferrous and non-ferrous alloy metal fabrication, leather-tanning, and chrome-plating.

Considering its negative effects on human health, defining the pollutant's behavior into each environment and developing ad-hoc treatment technologies became an urgent challenge for the scientific community to develop safe land use and a proper water management plan in polluted areas.

The Special Issue solicits novel contributions concerning chromium release and fate during weathering processes in different geochemical and geological environments, employing geochemical survey and geochemical modelling to define soil and water pollution. We also welcome contributions regarding multidisciplinary case studies, including environmental exposure to Cr and relating effects on humans and ecosystems due to natural processes and anthropogenic activities. We also encourage contributions concerning the use of conventional and novel technologies for water remediation as well as sustainable management of purify waters and waste products.

Prof. Dr. Carmine Apollaro
Dr. Alberto Figoli
Prof. Dr. Rosanna De Rosa
Dr. Ilaria Fuoco
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pollution
  • groundwaters
  • soil contamination
  • chromium
  • water remediation
  • membranes
  • weathering processes
  • polluting-anthropogenic activities

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 4810 KiB  
Article
High Adsorption of Hazardous Cr(VI) from Water Using a Biofilter Composed of Native Pseudomonas koreensis on Alginate Beads
by Lourdes Diaz-Jimenez, Sandy Garcia-Torres and Salvador Carlos-Hernandez
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(2), 1385; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021385 - 12 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1177
Abstract
Most conventional methods to remove heavy metals from water are efficient for high concentrations, but they are expensive, produce secondary pollution, and cannot remove low concentrations. This paper proposes a biological system to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions; the biofilter is composed of [...] Read more.
Most conventional methods to remove heavy metals from water are efficient for high concentrations, but they are expensive, produce secondary pollution, and cannot remove low concentrations. This paper proposes a biological system to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions; the biofilter is composed of a native Pseudomonas koreensis immobilized in calcium alginate beads. Lab experiments were conducted in batch reactors, considering different operating conditions: Cr(VI) concentration, temperature, pH, and time. At 30 °C and a pH of 6.6, the immobilized bacteria achieved their optimal adsorption capacity. In the chromium adsorption system, saturation was reached at 30 h with a qmax = 625 mg g−1. By adjusting the experimental data to the Langmuir and Freundlich models, it is suggested that P. koreensis forms a biofilm with a homogeneous surface where Cr(VI) is adsorbed and that the bacteria also incorporates the metal in its metabolism, leading to a multilayer adsorption. On the other hand, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, it was inferred that the functional groups involved in the adsorption process were O-H and C=O, which are a part of the P. koreensis cell wall. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Chromium Levels in Soils and Waters: Origin, Effects and Treatment)
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Other

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37 pages, 685 KiB  
Systematic Review
Human Health Effects of Oral Exposure to Chromium: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiological Evidence
by Eleni Sazakli
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(4), 406; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21040406 - 27 Mar 2024
Viewed by 961
Abstract
The toxicity and carcinogenicity of hexavalent chromium via the inhalation route is well established. However, a scientific debate has arisen about the potential effects of oral exposure to chromium on human health. Epidemiological studies evaluating the connection between ingested chromium and adverse health [...] Read more.
The toxicity and carcinogenicity of hexavalent chromium via the inhalation route is well established. However, a scientific debate has arisen about the potential effects of oral exposure to chromium on human health. Epidemiological studies evaluating the connection between ingested chromium and adverse health effects on the general population are limited. In recent years, a wealth of biomonitoring studies has emerged evaluating the associations between chromium levels in body fluids and tissues and health outcomes. This systematic review brings together epidemiological and biomonitoring evidence published over the past decade on the health effects of the general population related to oral exposure to chromium. In total, 65 studies were reviewed. There appears to be an inverse association between prenatal chromium exposure and normal fetal development. In adults, parameters of oxidative stress and biochemical alterations increase in response to chromium exposure, while effects on normal renal function are conflicting. Risks of urothelial carcinomas cannot be overlooked. However, findings regarding internal chromium concentrations and abnormalities in various tissues and systems are, in most cases, controversial. Environmental monitoring together with large cohort studies and biomonitoring with multiple biomarkers could fill the scientific gap. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Chromium Levels in Soils and Waters: Origin, Effects and Treatment)
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