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Harnessing the Immunomodulatory Effects of Exercise in a New Era of Public Health

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Global Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2022) | Viewed by 10383

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Roberto Codella

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, School of Exercise and Sports Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20090 Milano, Italy
Interests: metabolism; diabetes; immunomodulation; performance; fitness
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Tiago C. Alves

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine & DZD-Paul Langerhans Institute of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01187 Dresden, Germany
Interests: islet physiology; beta-cell metabolism; diabetes; immunometabolism
Dr. Othmar Moser

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Cardiovascular Diabetology Research Group, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology; Department of Internal Medicine; Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
Interests: Dr Moser focuses primarily in his research on testing therapy strategies around exercise to overcome dysglycemia in people with type 1 diabetes. While he is scientific principal investigator in several clinical trials (ULTRAFLEXI-1, NN-ExFiasp), he is the lead author of the EASD/ISPAD exercise position statement published in 2020. Additionally, Dr Moser is the initiator and exercise physiology lead of the Outpatient Clinic for Diabetes, Physical Activity and Exercise at the Medical University of Graz, AT.
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Physical activity represents one of the primary pillars of health living and is thus an essential component of healthy living medicine. The topic of exercise is essential as it represents a blatant, mandatory, low-cost, non-pharmacological measure to counteract the emergency of chronic diseases in current societies. Moreover, while the COVID-19 health emergency has deeply affected our lives, the need to keep the present society physically active is imperative. The adoption of lifestyle practices consistent with good immune health is a primary prevention strategy to reduce the risk of COVID-19 at both the community and individual level. However, the extent to which the beneficial effects of exercise can be favorably exploited is not straightforward, especially when acute and chronic (not only respiratory) illnesses are implicated. In fact, there is a fine equilibrium within which exercise may be immune-protective or immune-depressant.

The present Special Issue aims to create public health measures to how to boost the immunomodulatory effects of exercise against sedentary behaviors and physical inactivity, which are common and detrimental during pandemics like COVID-19, and now more than ever.

Dr. Codella Roberto
Dr. Tiago C. Alves
Dr. Othmar Moser
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • exercise metabolism
  • exercise immunology
  • inflammation
  • diabetes
  • exercise in chronic diseases

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 1067 KiB  
Article
Primary Care and Physical Literacy: A Non-Randomized Controlled Pilot Study to Combat the High Prevalence of Physically Inactive Adults in Austria
by Peter Holler, Johannes Jaunig, Othmar Moser, Silvia Tuttner, Helmut Simi, Dietmar Wallner, Frank Michael Amort and Mireille van Poppel
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(16), 8593; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168593 - 14 Aug 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3274
Abstract
The multidimensional concept of physical literacy is fundamental for lifelong physical activity engagement. However, physical literacy-based interventions are in their infancy, especially among adults. Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study was to assess the association of a physical literacy-based intervention with changes [...] Read more.
The multidimensional concept of physical literacy is fundamental for lifelong physical activity engagement. However, physical literacy-based interventions are in their infancy, especially among adults. Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study was to assess the association of a physical literacy-based intervention with changes in self-reported physical literacy among inactive adults. A non-randomized controlled study (2 × 2 design) was conducted, comparing pre- vs. postintervention. Twenty-eight inactive healthy participants in the intervention group (89% female, 53 ± 10 years) entered a physical literacy-based intervention once weekly for 14 weeks. The non-treated control group consisted of 22 inactive adults (96% female, 50 ± 11 years). Physical literacy was evaluated with a questionnaire encompassing five domains: physical activity behavior, attitude/understanding, motivation, knowledge, and self-efficacy/confidence. ANOVA models were applied to evaluate changes by time and condition. Following the intervention, significant improvements were seen for overall physical literacy and in four out of five physical literacy domains, including physical activity behavior, attitude/understanding, knowledge, and self-efficacy/confidence (all p < 0.01, Cohen’s d = 0.38–0.83). No changes by time x condition were found for motivation. The physical literacy-based intervention applied in this study may be a promising approach to help inactive adults to adopt an active lifestyle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Harnessing the Immunomodulatory Effects of Exercise in a New Era of Public Health)
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11 pages, 567 KiB  
Communication
Partial-Body Cryostimulation Increases Resting Energy Expenditure in Lean and Obese Women
by Massimo De Nardi, Ambra Bisio, Lucio Della Guardia, Carlo Facheris, Emanuela Faelli, Antonio La Torre, Livio Luzi, Piero Ruggeri and Roberto Codella
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(8), 4127; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084127 - 14 Apr 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3255
Abstract
Cryostimulation is currently seen as a potential adjuvant strategy to tackle obesity and dysmetabolism by triggering cold-induced thermogenesis. Although suggestive, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly elucidated. We tested whether single or repeated applications of partial-body cryostimulation (PBC) could influence resting energy expenditure [...] Read more.
Cryostimulation is currently seen as a potential adjuvant strategy to tackle obesity and dysmetabolism by triggering cold-induced thermogenesis. Although suggestive, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly elucidated. We tested whether single or repeated applications of partial-body cryostimulation (PBC) could influence resting energy expenditure (REE) in exposed individuals. Fifteen middle-aged obese and sixteen control lean women (body mass index 31 ± 1.6 kg/m2 and 22 ± 1.7 kg/m2) underwent a daily PBC (−130 °C × 150 s) for five consecutive days. Resting energy metabolism (REE) was assessed by indirect calorimetry pre- and post-PBC on day 1 and day 5. As concerns REE, the linear mixed model revealed that REE changes were explained by session and time (F1,29 = 5.58; p = 0.02; ƞp2 = 0.16) independent of the group (F1,29 = 2.9; p = 0.09; ƞp2 = 0.09). REE pre-PBC increased from day 1 to day 5 either in leans (by 8.2%, from 1538 ± 111 to 1665 ± 106 kcal/day) or in obese women (by 5.5%, from 1610 ± 110 to 1698 ± 142 vs kcal/day). Respiratory quotient was significantly affected by the time (F1,29 = 51.61; p < 0.000001, ƞp2 = 0.64), as it increased from pre- to post-PBC, suggesting a shift in substrate oxidation. According to these preliminary data, cold-induced thermogenesis could be explored as a strategy to elevate REE in obese subjects. Longitudinal studies could test whether chronic PBC effects may entail favorable metabolic adaptations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Harnessing the Immunomodulatory Effects of Exercise in a New Era of Public Health)
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15 pages, 1089 KiB  
Article
Acute and Chronic Catabolic Responses to CrossFit® and Resistance Training in Young Males
by Emanuela Faelli, Ambra Bisio, Roberto Codella, Vittoria Ferrando, Luisa Perasso, Marco Panascì, Daniele Saverino and Piero Ruggeri
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(19), 7172; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197172 - 30 Sep 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3034
Abstract
Given the wide variety of conditioning program trainings employed, the present study compared the catabolic effects induced by CrossFit® and resistance training in moderately trained subjects. Twenty males joined either the CrossFit® group (n = 10; 30 min/day of “workout of [...] Read more.
Given the wide variety of conditioning program trainings employed, the present study compared the catabolic effects induced by CrossFit® and resistance training in moderately trained subjects. Twenty males joined either the CrossFit® group (n = 10; 30 min/day of “workout of the day”) or the resistance training (RT) group (n = 10; 30 min/day of resistance exercises) thrice a week, for 8 weeks. Salivary levels of cortisol, interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), and uric acid were assessed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays before (PRE) and 30-min after (POST) SESSION 1 and SESSION 24. Variables’ percentual changes were computed as (POST-PRE)/PRE*100 in each session (Δ%). CrossFit® acutely increased cortisol levels in both sessions, with a significant decrease in Δ%cortisol from SESSION 1 to 24. In the RT group, cortisol values decreased in both sessions, only acutely. A significant decrease in IL-1β levels was registered acutely in both groups, in both sessions, whereas Δ%IL-1β was not different between the two groups. While uric acid levels increased in both groups acutely, a chronic downregulation of Δ%uric acid, from SESSION 1 to 24, was appreciated for the RT group only. Overall, CrossFit® appeared to induce more intense effects than the RT program as to the investigated catabolic responses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Harnessing the Immunomodulatory Effects of Exercise in a New Era of Public Health)
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