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Horticulturae
Special Issues
Breeding, Genetics and Genomics of Ornamental Plants
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Breeding, Genetics and Genomics of Ornamental Plants

A special issue of Horticulturae (ISSN 2311-7524). This special issue belongs to the section "Genetics, Genomics, Breeding, and Biotechnology (G2B2)".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2021) | Viewed by 19120

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Johan Van Huylenbroeck

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Guest Editor
Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food / Plant Sciences Unit, Caritasstraat 39, 9090 Melle, Belgium
Interests: interspecific breeding, protoplasts; ploidy manipulation; disease resistance breeding; genetics and breeding of ornamentals
Dr. Kenneth W. Leonhardt

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Science, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, room 102, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
Interests: variety development in tropical ornamental plants, including warm temperature tolerant proteas and converting prolific seed producing landscapes ornamentals to sterile forms through traditional breeding and polyploid induction. Such species and hybrids have no potential to become invasive.
Dr. Teresita D. Amore

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Tropical Plant & Soil Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture & Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, St. John 102, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
Interests: Breeding and genetics of orchids and anthurium; germplasm; tissue culture; floricultural arts
Dr. Krishna Bhattarai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Interests: horticultural plant breeding; genetics, genomics and transcriptomics; disease resistance

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ornamental crops account for more than US $42 billion globally. With the exception of few floral species, limited genetic, genomic, and breeding information is publicly available, owing to the fact that the majority of breeding work is performed by the private sector. Public research programs are increasingly participating in ornamental cultivar development and genetic studies. With lower sequencing costs, genomic information of non-model species including ornamental crops is continuously becoming available.  

Ornamental breeding utilizes a wide array of breeding strategies ranging from traditional crossing and selection methods to the use of next-generation sequencing in genomics and transcriptomics for gene identification and trait development. A continuing search of new species for the ornamentals industry has resulted in the utilization of tools that increase diversity and in the development of alternative methods for obtaining new crops by achieving interspecific and intergeneric crosses. 

In this Special Issue, we aim to present papers on new breeding methods, novel cultivars and species entering the ornamental industry, the identification of genes conferring novel traits, technological developments in ornamentals research, and the use of next-generation sequencing to improve ornamental plants.

Dr. Johan Van Huylenbroeck
Dr. Kenneth W. Leonhardt
Dr. Teresita D. Amore
Dr. Krishna Bhattarai
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Horticulturae is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Landscape Plants
  • Flowers
  • Cutflowers
  • Annuals and Perennial Flowers
  • Genetic Linkage Map
  • QTL Mapping
  • Fine Mapping and Gene Identification
  • Cultivar Development
  • Disease Resistance Breeding
  • Transcriptome Sequencing
  • Differential Gene Expression
  • Genome Sequencing and Characterization
  • Abiotic Stress Tolerance
  • Ploidy Manipulation
  • Mutation Breeding
  • Somaclonal Variation
  • Cytogenetics
  • Apomixis

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 163 KiB  
Editorial
Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics of Ornamental Plants
by Krishna Bhattarai and Johan Van Huylenbroeck
Horticulturae 2022, 8(2), 148; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8020148 - 09 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2329
Abstract
Ornamental crops include a broad range of plants, including herbaceous seasonal flowers to woody perennial trees [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breeding, Genetics and Genomics of Ornamental Plants)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

13 pages, 18912 KiB  
Article
Overcoming Pre-Fertilization Barriers in Intertribal Crosses between Anemone coronaria L. and Ranunculus asiaticus L.
by Emmy Dhooghe, Dirk Reheul and Marie-Christine Van Labeke
Horticulturae 2021, 7(12), 529; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7120529 - 29 Nov 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2288
Abstract
Hybridization in flowering plants depends, in the first place, on the delivery of pollen to a receptive stigma and the subsequent growth of pollen tubes through the style to the ovary, where the sperm nucleus of the pollen grain can ultimately fertilize the [...] Read more.
Hybridization in flowering plants depends, in the first place, on the delivery of pollen to a receptive stigma and the subsequent growth of pollen tubes through the style to the ovary, where the sperm nucleus of the pollen grain can ultimately fertilize the egg cell. However, reproductive failure is often observed in distant crosses and is caused by pre- and/or post-zygotic barriers. In this study, the reproductive pre-fertilization barriers of intertribal crosses between Anemone coronaria L. and Ranunculus asiaticus L., both belonging to the Ranunculaceae, were investigated. Despite the incongruity of intertribal crosses between A. coronaria and R. asiaticus having been of low intensity at the stigmatic level, interstylar obstructions of the pollen tube growth occurred, which confirmed the presence of pre-fertilization barriers. We show that these barriers could be partially bypassed by combining pollination with a stigma treatment. More specifically, a significantly higher ratio of the pollen tube length to the total style length and a better seed set were observed when the stigma was treated with the auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, 1 mg·mL−1) together with the cytokinin kinetin (KIN, 0.5 mg·mL−1) 24 h after pollination, irrespective of the cross direction. More specifically, the stigma treatments with any form of auxin (combined or not combined with cytokinin) resulted in a full seed set, assuming an apomictic fruit set, because no pollination was needed to obtain these seeds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breeding, Genetics and Genomics of Ornamental Plants)
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12 pages, 2742 KiB  
Article
Dehydrins and Soluble Sugars Involved in Cold Acclimation of Rosa wichurana and Rose Cultivar ‘Yesterday’
by Lin Ouyang, Leen Leus, Ellen De Keyser and Marie-Christine Van Labeke
Horticulturae 2021, 7(10), 379; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7100379 - 08 Oct 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1439
Abstract
Rose is the most economically important ornamental plant. However, cold stress seriously affects the survival and regrowth of garden roses in northern regions. Cold acclimation was studied using two genotypes (Rosa wichurana and R. hybrida ‘Yesterday’) selected from a rose breeding program. [...] Read more.
Rose is the most economically important ornamental plant. However, cold stress seriously affects the survival and regrowth of garden roses in northern regions. Cold acclimation was studied using two genotypes (Rosa wichurana and R. hybrida ‘Yesterday’) selected from a rose breeding program. During the winter season (November to April), the cold hardiness of stems, soluble sugar content, and expression of dehydrins and the related key genes in the soluble sugar metabolism were analyzed. ‘Yesterday’ is more cold-hardy and acclimated faster, reaching its maximum cold hardiness in December. R. wichurana is relatively less cold-hardy, only reaching its maximum cold hardiness in January after prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures. Dehydrin transcripts accumulated significantly during November–January in both genotypes. Soluble sugars are highly involved in cold acclimation, with sucrose and oligosaccharides significantly correlated with cold hardiness. Sucrose occupied the highest proportion of total soluble sugars in both genotypes. During November–January, downregulation of RhSUS was found in both genotypes, while upregulation of RhSPS was observed in ‘Yesterday’ and upregulation of RhINV2 was found in R. wichurana. Oligosaccharides accumulated from November to February and decreased to a significantly low level in April. RhRS6 had a significant upregulation in December in R. wichurana. This study provides insight into the cold acclimation mechanism of roses by combining transcription patterns with metabolite quantification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breeding, Genetics and Genomics of Ornamental Plants)
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11 pages, 2805 KiB  
Article
Morphological Characterization of Tetraploids of Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill. Produced by Oryzalin Treatment of Seeds
by Shiro Mori, Masaki Yahata, Ayano Kuwahara, Yurina Shirono, Yasufumi Ueno, Misaki Hatanaka, Yoshimi Honda, Keita Sugiyama, Naho Murata, Yoshihiro Okamoto and Takahiro Wagatsuma
Horticulturae 2021, 7(8), 248; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7080248 - 15 Aug 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2569
Abstract
Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill. (2n = 2x = 16) is a popular ornamental plant with dimorphism of pollen grains (type A and type B) and stigmas (papilla and cob-like). We applied polyploidy breeding to this species in order to introduce desirable traits. [...] Read more.
Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill. (2n = 2x = 16) is a popular ornamental plant with dimorphism of pollen grains (type A and type B) and stigmas (papilla and cob-like). We applied polyploidy breeding to this species in order to introduce desirable traits. Tetraploid and mixoploid L. sinuatum plants were successfully obtained with oryzalin treatment of L. sinuatum ‘Early Blue’ seeds. All three tetraploids had increased leaf width, stomatal size, flower length, and pollen width compared to those of the diploid, and tetraploids had four germinal pores of pollen grains, whereas the diploid had three. All tetraploids had type A pollen grains and cob-like stigmas. Furthermore, the growth of cultivated tetraploid plants was slow, with later bolting and flowering times. Mixoploids Mixo-1 and Mixo-3 were estimated to be polyploidy periclinal chimeric plants consisting of a tetraploid L1 layer and diploid L2 layer, and Mixo-2 was estimated to be a polyploidy periclinal chimeric plant consisting of the diploid L1 layer and tetraploid L2 layer. Mixo-4 had tetraploid L1 and L2 layers. Mixoploids, except Mixo-4, had type A pollen grains and cob-like stigmas, whereas Mixo-4 had type B pollen grains and papilla stigmas. These polyploids will be useful as polyploidy breeding materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breeding, Genetics and Genomics of Ornamental Plants)
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18 pages, 1434 KiB  
Article
The Senescence-Associated Endonuclease, PhENDO1, Is Upregulated by Ethylene and Phosphorus Deficiency in Petunia
by Michelle L. Jones, Shuangyi Bai, Yiyun Lin and Laura J. Chapin
Horticulturae 2021, 7(3), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7030046 - 06 Mar 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2610
Abstract
The upregulation of endonuclease activities and subsequent decreases in the nucleic acid content of leaves and petals are characteristics of senescence that allow for nutrient remobilization from dying organs. We previously identified a 43-kDa endonuclease activity (PhNUC1) that was upregulated in Petunia × [...] Read more.
The upregulation of endonuclease activities and subsequent decreases in the nucleic acid content of leaves and petals are characteristics of senescence that allow for nutrient remobilization from dying organs. We previously identified a 43-kDa endonuclease activity (PhNUC1) that was upregulated in Petunia × hybrida petals during senescence. PhNUC1 has optimal activity at neutral pH, is enhanced by Co2+, and degrades both DNA and RNA. The peptide sequence of a 43-kDa endonuclease identified from senescing petals by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to clone the gene (PhENDO1) encoding the senescence-associated protein. PhENDO1 expression was upregulated in petals during the senescence of unpollinated and pollinated flowers and by ethylene treatment. When petunias were grown under nutrient deficient conditions, P-starvation, and to a lesser extent N-starvation, induced expression of PhENDO1. The endogenous expression of PhENDO1 was down regulated using virus induced gene silencing (VIGS), and in-gel endonuclease assays confirmed that the activity of the 43-kDa PhNUC1 was decreased in senescing corollas from PhENDO1-silenced (pTRV2:PhCHS:PhENDO1) plants compared to controls (pTRV2:PhCHS). Down regulating PhENDO1 in petunias did not alter flower longevity. While PhENDO1 may be involved in nucleic acid catabolism during senescence, down regulating this gene using VIGS was not sufficient to delay flower senescence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breeding, Genetics and Genomics of Ornamental Plants)
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13 pages, 2273 KiB  
Article
Genomic Resource Development for Hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser.)—A Transcriptome Assembly and a High-Density Genetic Linkage Map
by Xingbo Wu, Amanda M. Hulse-Kemp, Phillip A. Wadl, Zach Smith, Keithanne Mockaitis, Margaret E. Staton, Timothy A. Rinehart and Lisa W. Alexander
Horticulturae 2021, 7(2), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7020025 - 05 Feb 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3938
Abstract
Hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla) is an important ornamental crop that has been cultivated for more than 300 years. Despite the economic importance, genetic studies for hydrangea have been limited by the lack of genetic resources. Genetic linkage maps and subsequent trait mapping [...] Read more.
Hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla) is an important ornamental crop that has been cultivated for more than 300 years. Despite the economic importance, genetic studies for hydrangea have been limited by the lack of genetic resources. Genetic linkage maps and subsequent trait mapping are essential tools to identify and make markers available for marker-assisted breeding. A transcriptomic study was performed on two important cultivars, Veitchii and Endless Summer, to discover simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and an F1 population based on the cross ‘Veitchii’ × ‘Endless Summer’ was established for genetic linkage map construction. Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) was performed on the mapping population along with SSR genotyping. From an analysis of 42,682 putative transcripts, 8780 SSRs were identified and 1535 were validated in the mapping parents. A total of 267 polymorphic SSRs were selected for linkage map construction. The GBS yielded 3923 high quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the mapping population, resulting in a total of 4190 markers that were used to generate maps for each parent and a consensus map. The consensus linkage map contained 1767 positioned markers (146 SSRs and 1621 SNPs), spanned 1383.4 centiMorgans (cM), and was comprised of 18 linkage groups, with an average mapping interval of 0.8 cM. The transcriptome information and large-scale marker development in this study greatly expanded the genetic resources that are available for hydrangea. The high-density genetic linkage maps presented here will serve as an important foundation for quantitative trait loci mapping, map-based gene cloning, and marker-assisted selection of H. macrophylla. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breeding, Genetics and Genomics of Ornamental Plants)
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15 pages, 2087 KiB  
Article
Developing Triploid Maples
by Ryan N. Contreras and Tyler C. Hoskins
Horticulturae 2020, 6(4), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6040070 - 21 Oct 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2788
Abstract
Maples are common street and shade trees throughout the temperate zone. They are widely used for their wide range of ornamental traits and adaptability, particularly to urban settings. Unfortunately, some species such as Acer tataricum ssp. ginnala (Amur maple) and A. platanoides (Norway [...] Read more.
Maples are common street and shade trees throughout the temperate zone. They are widely used for their wide range of ornamental traits and adaptability, particularly to urban settings. Unfortunately, some species such as Acer tataricum ssp. ginnala (Amur maple) and A. platanoides (Norway maple) have escaped cultivation to become pests or in some cases threaten native flora. However, these species remain economically important and are still asked for by name. To ameliorate potential future ecological damage from additional escapes, we have been breeding for sterile forms using ploidy manipulation and backcrossing to develop triploids. We began with a series of experiments to develop tetraploids of Amur, Norway, and trident (A. buergerianum) maples. Treatment of seedlings at the cotyledon or first true leaf stage was successful in inducing tetraploids of each species. Mortality, cytochimeras, and tetraploids varied among species. After identifying tetraploids, they were field planted alongside diploid cultivars and seedlings, which served as pollinizers in open-pollination. Seedlings derived from open-pollinated tetraploids were generally found to be a high percentage triploids. Thus far, no Norway or trident maple triploids have flowered but after three years we observed five, 22, and 22 Amur maple triploids flowering over three respective years with no seedlings recovered to date. Further evaluation is required but our findings are encouraging that the triploids we have developed thus far will be sterile and provide new cultivars for nursery growers and land managers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breeding, Genetics and Genomics of Ornamental Plants)
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