Biocontrol Potential of Essential Oils in Organic Horticulture Systems

A special issue of Horticulturae (ISSN 2311-7524).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 5496

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
Interests: aromatic and medicinal plants; botanical-based biopesticides; biotechnology; ecotoxicology; essential oils; micro/nanotechnologies; phytochemistry; plant protection; metabolomic

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Guest Editor
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
Interests: biocontrol; cytotoxicology; ecotoxicology; essential oils; natural molecules; OMICS; phytochemistry; plant protection; plant physiologist
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The growing awareness of sustainable and safe food production and increasingly restrictive policies for pesticide use have engendered great demand for more environmentally friendly biocontrol methods.

Plants are a vast source of bioactive substances with high added value to humankind. For the last four decades, botanical-based products, such as essential oils (EOs), have received a great deal of attention from the scientific community, corporations, and society as a whole. Currently, there is growing interest in EOs as a minimum-risk product for IPM strategies.

Several studies have emphasized EOs´ potential for plant protection, notably to control insects, mites, nematodes, mollusks, invasive plants and weeds, and phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi affecting crops and harvested cultures. EOs’ wide-ranging activity, biodegradability, and non-persistence in the environment are major advantages encouraging their use in horticultural systems. Nonetheless, further evidence concerning their effectiveness as a biocontrol agent is crucial to strengthen their application potential in real-world scenarios.

This Special Issue welcomes the submission of papers substantiating the promise of exploiting EOs and their constituents as emerging biocontrol products for organic food production. The Special Issue will disseminate recent developments and promote discussion emphasizing various aspects of EOs under investigation, namely: essential oils´effectiveness in the field, factors challenging their use, novel solutions to increase their stability and release, and EOs’ potential as possible elicitors of plant defense.

Dr. Rose Marie De Sousa
Prof. Dr. Conceição Santos
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • plant protection
  • plant-based products
  • plant secondary metabolites, aromatic and medicinal plants
  • deterrence
  • pest
  • disease
  • eco-friendly
  • sustainable food production
  • low-residue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 2372 KiB  
Article
Activity of Essential Oils and Plant Extracts as Biofungicides for Suppression of Soil-Borne Fungi Associated with Root Rot and Wilt of Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)
by Hamada F. A. Ahmed, Mahmoud F. Seleiman, Ibrahim A. A. Mohamed, Ragab S. Taha, Daniel O. Wasonga and Martin L. Battaglia
Horticulturae 2023, 9(2), 222; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020222 - 7 Feb 2023
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3000
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) and Plant extracts (PEs) are gaining attention as eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the management of soil-borne fungi related to root rot and the wilt of marigolds. Here, EOs of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon), Mentha piperita (peppermint), Syzygium aromaticum (clove), [...] Read more.
Essential oils (EOs) and Plant extracts (PEs) are gaining attention as eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the management of soil-borne fungi related to root rot and the wilt of marigolds. Here, EOs of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon), Mentha piperita (peppermint), Syzygium aromaticum (clove), Thymus vulgaris (thyme), PEs of Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass), Lantana camara (lantana), Ocimum basilicum (basil), and Zingiber officinales (ginger) were first evaluated in vitro for their inhibitory activity against the mycelium growth of the root rot and wilt fungi of marigold: Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium oxysporum, and F. solani, and in vivo for their activity in reducing disease progression. The results show that all EOs had a strong inhibitory activity on the mycelium growth of pathogens. Maximum inhibition of mycelium growth was achieved at a concentration of 1 mL/Lof S. aromaticum, C. zeylanicum, and M. piperita. The inhibition values were 100, 80.9, and 72.4% for F. solani, 100, 81.1, and 70% for S. sclerotiorum, 90.2, 79.4, and 69.1% for F. oxysporum, and 85.4, 78.2, and 68.7% for R. solani, respectively. Regarding plant extracts, the highest inhibition of mycelium growth was attained at a concentration of 20% of Z. officinales, C. citratus, and L. camara. The inhibition values were 77.4, 69.1, and 60.6% for F. solani, 76.5, 67.2, and 58% for S. sclerotiorum, 73.5, 68.2, and 56.3% for F. oxysporum, and 72, 64.8, and 55.2% for R. solani, respectively. In pot experiments, the application of EOs and PEs showed high efficiency in suppressing root rot and wilt of marigold at all concentrations used, especially at 3 mL/L for seed soaking (along with 1.5 mL/L for foliar spraying) for S. aromaticum, C. zeylanicum, and M. piperita EOs, and (40% for seed soaking along with 20% for foliar spraying) for Z. officinales, C. citratus, and L. camara PEs. All the treatments applied in the field greatly reduced the diseases in both seasons, especially S. aromaticum EO, C. zeylanicum EO, Z. officinales PE, and carbendazim treatments. This was accompanied by a significant improvement in morphological, yield, and phytochemical parameters of marigold as well as a significant increase in the activity of defense-related antioxidant enzymes. Overall, essential oils and plant extracts can be used effectively to control root rot and wilt in marigold as sustainable and eco-friendly botanical biofungicides. Full article
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15 pages, 3250 KiB  
Article
Insecticidal Activity against Myzus persicae of Terpinyl Acetate and Bornyl Acetate in Thuja occidentalis Essential Oil
by Hyun-Jin Song, Seong-Hyeon Yong, Hak-Gon Kim, Do-Hyun Kim, Kwan-Been Park, Keum-Chul Shin and Myung-Suk Choi
Horticulturae 2022, 8(10), 969; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8100969 - 19 Oct 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1533
Abstract
Essential oils have insecticidal activity against several insects and are composed of numerous compounds. This study investigated the insecticidal effects of the Thuja occidentalis L. (Cupressaceae) essential oil, terpinyl acetate, and bornyl acetate against the peach aphid [Myzus persicae (Sulzer)]. The insecticidal [...] Read more.
Essential oils have insecticidal activity against several insects and are composed of numerous compounds. This study investigated the insecticidal effects of the Thuja occidentalis L. (Cupressaceae) essential oil, terpinyl acetate, and bornyl acetate against the peach aphid [Myzus persicae (Sulzer)]. The insecticidal effect of essential oils on three Cupressaceae plants was highest in T. occidentalis. The Thuja occidentalis essential oil was extracted by steam distillation, and the optimum conditions were found. The GC-MS profiling of essential oil components extracted from T. occidentalis leaves identified 16 volatile compounds. The main components were α-thujone (16.58%), β-myrcene (14.62%), bornyl acetate (9.31%), and terpinyl acetate (8.52%). As a result of the metabolite profiling of three Cupressaceae plants, terpinyl acetate and bornyl acetate were present in large amounts in all of the essential oils, and they had an acetate structure, so it was estimated that they had insecticidal activity. The insecticidal activity of these two compounds was stronger than the other individual monoterpene compounds. The addition of surfactants to the terpinyl acetate and bornyl acetate showed strong insecticidal activity. Terpinyl acetate and bornyl acetate can be used as environmentally friendly insecticidal-active compounds. Full article
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