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Horticulturae
Special Issues
Plant Biotechnology: Applications in In Vitro Plant Conservation and Micropropagation
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Plant Biotechnology: Applications in In Vitro Plant Conservation and Micropropagation

A special issue of Horticulturae (ISSN 2311-7524). This special issue belongs to the section "Propagation and Seeds".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2024) | Viewed by 9167

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Vasiliy A. Chokheli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Botanical garden of Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov on Don 344041, Russia
Interests: plant biology; molecular biology; molecular genetics; biotechnology; plant tissue culture; genetics; plant biotechnology; population genetics; genetic diversity
Dr. Rupesh Kumar Singh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Centro de Investigação e Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biológicas (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
2. Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-070 Braga, Portugal
Interests: green proxy materials; sustainable agriculture practices; natural genetic resources; wild crop relatives; genetic diversity; tissue culture; genetic engineering; genome editing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

One of the most pressing issues in biology is the preservation of the genetic diversity of living organisms. Therefore, special attention is required to conserve the gene pool of many plant species, since these organisms in nature often display breeder-preferred traits, as well as consumer-preferred traits. The preservation of the gene pool is not only important for vital agriculture, but also for rare and endangered plants, which often have medicinal, decorative, forage, and other properties. In addition, rare plants are important components of vegetation in a particular region. Their disappearance can lead to the destruction of the essence of the biological flora of plant communities.

The purpose of this Special Issue “Plant Biotechnology: Applications in In Vitro Plant Conservation and Micropropagation” is to present innovative studies, tools, approaches, and techniques that have been successful in the in vitro conservation of rare plant species, including protocols of callusogenesis of rare medicinal plants, obtaining secondary metabolites from rare and endangered plant species using biotechnological methods, rare plant seeds germination and population genetics research for the conservation of rare plant species. We invite authors to submit comprehensive reviews, research and perspective papers to this Special Issue. The submitted manuscripts will undergo peer review before being published in this Special Issue. 

Dr. Vasiliy A. Chokheli
Dr. Rupesh Kumar Singh
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Horticulturae is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • rare plants
  • red list
  • in vitro
  • plant biotechnology
  • plant tissue culture
  • in vitro conservation

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1257 KiB  
Article
Synthetic Seed Production and Slow Growth Storage of In Vitro Cultured Plants of Iris pallida Lam.
by Annalisa Meucci, Cristina Ghelardi, Giorgiana Chietera and Anna Mensuali
Horticulturae 2024, 10(3), 272; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10030272 - 11 Mar 2024
Viewed by 748
Abstract
Iris pallida Lam. is traditionally cultivated in Italy to sell its rhizomes to perfume-producing industries and is particularly sought-after because of its high content of irones, ketone compounds responsible for the violet smell of the orris essence. One of the critical aspects of [...] Read more.
Iris pallida Lam. is traditionally cultivated in Italy to sell its rhizomes to perfume-producing industries and is particularly sought-after because of its high content of irones, ketone compounds responsible for the violet smell of the orris essence. One of the critical aspects of its cultivation is the propagation method, performed by subdividing and replanting sections of the rhizome, which leads to the sacrifice of salable material. A solution is provided via in vitro propagation using the somatic embryogenesis technique, an effective method that allows the production of plants without the use of the rhizome. To facilitate the scale up of the activities of micropropagation companies, the method of slow growth storage (SGS) for orris plantlets and a somatic embryo encapsulation technique were developed for the first time. Orris plantlets were placed at 4 °C in the dark for 30, 60, 90 and 120 days and monitored 7 and 30 days after treatment. Synthetic seeds were obtained by encapsulating somatic orris embryos in sodium alginate beads, which were stored for 14 and 28 days at 4 °C and 24 °C. The results showed that it is possible to cold-preserve orris plantlets for up to 90 days without significant damages and that orris synthetic seeds can be produced and stored for a short-to-mid-term period. These conservation techniques can be useful for germplasm conservation and can also be integrated in the micropropagation cycle of orris, helping to solve issues related to the traditional propagation method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Biotechnology: Applications in In Vitro Plant Conservation and Micropropagation)
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15 pages, 3868 KiB  
Article
First Ex Situ In Vitro Propagation Protocol of Coronilla viminalis Salisb., An Endangered Fodder Species Adapted to Drought and Salinity
by Santiago Sierra, Carles Cortés-Olmos, Claudia Pallotti, Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo, Benito Pineda and Ana Fita
Horticulturae 2024, 10(3), 201; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10030201 - 21 Feb 2024
Viewed by 559
Abstract
Coronilla viminalis Salisb. is a fodder leguminous plant from the Canary Islands and Northwestern Africa with adaptation to drought. Its conservation status is critical. Its low germination capacity and intense loss of viability of the seeds over time complicate its conservation, limiting its [...] Read more.
Coronilla viminalis Salisb. is a fodder leguminous plant from the Canary Islands and Northwestern Africa with adaptation to drought. Its conservation status is critical. Its low germination capacity and intense loss of viability of the seeds over time complicate its conservation, limiting its long-term maintenance in germplasm banks and hampering its potential use as a resilient fodder crop. Therefore, in this work, two alternative propagation methods have been addressed. The first was based on facilitating seed germination under aseptic conditions, supplementing the media with gibberellic acid (GA3). The latter consisted of creating a micropropagation method from nodal segments and testing different media and pretreatments with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The quantity and quality of the roots were assessed, and the plant acclimation rate was measured. The results showed that the optimum concentration of GA3 for germination, up to 98%, was 250 PPM. The experiments showed that using IAA in the micropropagation media is critical for in vitro rooting in this species. A hormonal pretreatment with IAA significantly improved the rooting efficiency compared to supplementing it into the culture media. One hundred percent of acclimated plants survived the process. These new protocols will help conserve the species and explore its possibilities as fodder crops. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Biotechnology: Applications in In Vitro Plant Conservation and Micropropagation)
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17 pages, 4033 KiB  
Article
Micropropagation of Duboisia Species via Shoot Tip Meristem
by Yuxin Xue, Jayeni Chathurika Amarathunga Hiti-Bandaralage, Dilani Tharanga Jambuthenne, Zizhu Zhao and Neena Mitter
Horticulturae 2023, 9(12), 1313; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9121313 - 06 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1232
Abstract
Duboisia is an Australian native, commercially valuable for tropane alkaloid extraction. Clonal propagation of elite selections is essential to establish highly productive plantations. The current propagation system using stem cuttings is proven to be inefficient, prompting the industry to seek a more efficient [...] Read more.
Duboisia is an Australian native, commercially valuable for tropane alkaloid extraction. Clonal propagation of elite selections is essential to establish highly productive plantations. The current propagation system using stem cuttings is proven to be inefficient, prompting the industry to seek a more efficient and effective propagation tool. Tissue culture is a cost-effective alternative for mass propagation of true-to-type plants, particularly ideal for propagating elite Duboisia selections. In this context, attempts were made to develop a commercially viable high throughput micropropagation system for three Duboisia species: Duboisia myoporoides, Duboisia leichhradtii and Duboisia hopwoodii. Various nutrient media, hormone combinations and incubating conditions were tested to optimise each stage of the micropropagation pipeline. The findings revealed that the tissue culture media composition and hormone requirements are species-specific. With the optimised conditions, an efficient tissue culture system was developed, achieving successful meristem induction and multiplication. Species-specific rooting protocol optimisation resulted in 100% rooting for D. myoporoides and D. leichhardtii, and 70% rooting for D. hopwoodii. Furthermore, an optimised acclimatisation protocol supported 100% survival of D. myoporoides and D. leichhardtii and 80% of D. hopwoodii plantlets. This study, for the first time, demonstrated the capacity of successful meristem culture of three Duboisia species, establishing the foundation for high throughput micropropagation of Duboisia species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Biotechnology: Applications in In Vitro Plant Conservation and Micropropagation)
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13 pages, 10337 KiB  
Article
Ultrastructure, CO2 Assimilation and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Kinetics in Photosynthesizing Glycine max Callus and Leaf Mesophyll Tissues
by Vladimir Lysenko, Evgenya Kirichenko, Alexandr Logvinov, Anatoly Azarov, Vishnu D. Rajput, Vasiliy Chokheli, Elizaveta Chalenko, Olga Yadronova, Tatyana Varduny, Vladimir Krasnov and Tatyana Karaseva
Horticulturae 2023, 9(11), 1211; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9111211 - 08 Nov 2023
Viewed by 923
Abstract
The ultrastructural and functional features of photosynthesizing callus cells are poorly known. Electron microscopy studies on green, compact Glycine max calluses have shown that they are composed of photosynthesizing cells characterized by clear ultrastructural signs of senescence. Studies on chlorophyll fluorescence and CO [...] Read more.
The ultrastructural and functional features of photosynthesizing callus cells are poorly known. Electron microscopy studies on green, compact Glycine max calluses have shown that they are composed of photosynthesizing cells characterized by clear ultrastructural signs of senescence. Studies on chlorophyll fluorescence and CO2 assimilation kinetics have shown that such cells were still able to maintain photosynthesis but could not compensate for the respiratory CO2 uptake. Having a one-step CO2 assimilation kinetics, photosynthesis in calluses differed from photosynthesis in leaves, which had a two-step CO2 assimilation kinetics. In contrast to leaves, the fluorescence induction curves in G. max calluses strongly differed in shape depending on the color of actinic light (red or blue). Red (in contrast to blue) light excitation did not lead to CO2 assimilation in the calluses, thus suggesting anoxygenic photosynthesis in this case. In particular, the data obtained indicate that the actinic light spectrum should be considered when cultivating calluses for micropropagation of plants and for callus tissue research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Biotechnology: Applications in In Vitro Plant Conservation and Micropropagation)
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16 pages, 3249 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Propagation and Phytochemical Composition of Centratherum punctatum Cass—A Medicinal Plant
by Anuradha Talan, Abdul Mujib, Bushra Ejaz, Yashika Bansal, Yaser Hassan Dewir and Katalin Magyar-Tábori
Horticulturae 2023, 9(11), 1189; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9111189 - 30 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1292
Abstract
An effective and reproducible micropropagation protocol was developed for Centratherum punctatum Cass. Successful in vitro initiation of callus and subsequent plant regeneration were obtained on nodal explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with plant growth regulators (PGRs). The maximum frequency of callus formation [...] Read more.
An effective and reproducible micropropagation protocol was developed for Centratherum punctatum Cass. Successful in vitro initiation of callus and subsequent plant regeneration were obtained on nodal explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with plant growth regulators (PGRs). The maximum frequency of callus formation (98.3%) was noted on MS containing 4.0 mg/L 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 3.5 mg/L Kinetin with a maximum callus weight of 2.02 g. The best shoot induction frequency (100%) with an average of 30.2 shoots per explant was achieved when 4.5 mg/L BAP and 4.0 mg/L Kinetin were added to the MS. The same PGR combination resulted in the best callus-mediated shoot formation (8.3 shoots/callus mass). The highest rhizogenic response (95.3%) with an average 26.1 roots per shoot and root length of 6.2 cm was obtained with 1.0 mg/L Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-supplemented MS medium. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique was applied in the present study to analyze the methanolic extracts of the leaf, callus, and root of regenerated C. punctatum shoots to detect the different phytochemical constituents. The leaf extract of the regenerated C. punctatum showed 37 phytocompounds; some important bioactive compounds were the Phytol,1,6-Octadien 3,5-Dimethyl-Cis, 4,8-Dimethylnona-3,8-dien-2-one, 2,6-Octadiene, Stigmasterol, Chondrillasterol, Lanosteryl acetate, etc. In the callus, the extract had a total of 57 phytocompounds; among them, the Stigmasterol, Guanosine, and Tri-decanoic acid were the major ones. In the root extract, the GC-MS revealed a low number of 23 phytocompounds, the important compounds of which were Stigmasterol, Trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivative, Chrysantenyl 2-methuylbutanoate, 4-tert-Butoxybutan-1-ol, etc. The order in terms of numbers of phytocompounds present in tissue sources are callus > leaf > root. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Biotechnology: Applications in In Vitro Plant Conservation and Micropropagation)
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13 pages, 3613 KiB  
Article
Influence of Cytokinins, Dark Incubation and Air-Lift Bioreactor Culture on Axillary Shoot Proliferation of Al-Taif Rose (Rosa damascena trigintipetala (Diek) R. Keller)
by Ali Mohsen Al-Ali, Yaser Hassan Dewir and Rashid Sultan Al-Obeed
Horticulturae 2023, 9(10), 1109; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9101109 - 07 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1179
Abstract
Rose is a widely favored floriculture crop that is commercially propagated through the application of tissue culture techniques. Here, we report an effective method for axillary shoot proliferation in Al-Taif rose, an important cultivar for rose oil industry. Stem nodes were excised from [...] Read more.
Rose is a widely favored floriculture crop that is commercially propagated through the application of tissue culture techniques. Here, we report an effective method for axillary shoot proliferation in Al-Taif rose, an important cultivar for rose oil industry. Stem nodes were excised from an adult donor Al-Taif rose shrub and cultured for 4 weeks on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or gibberellic acid (GA3) at 0 and 3 mg·L−1 to induce the sprouting of axillary shoots. Al-Taif rose shoots were cultured in vitro for 6 weeks on MS medium fortified with different concentrations of cytokinins, light/dark incubation and different culture types (gelled and liquid/bioreactor culture). The culture conditions that were applied had a noteworthy impact on the responses of Al-Taif rose shoot proliferation. The supplementation of the medium with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) resulted in an augmented rate of shoot proliferation in comparison to other cytokinins. Additionally, dark incubation limited foliage growth, leaf yellowing and abscission and favored shoot proliferation compared with light incubation. Liquid culture using bioreactors provided higher axillary shoot proliferation and growth as compared with gelled culture. A continuous immersion system with a net provided the highest axillary shoots (four shoots per explant) and shoot length (16.5 cm), whereas an immersion system without a net provided the highest fresh weight of axillary shoots (499 mg per explant). These findings will improve commercial propagation and contribute to the rose oil industry of Al-Taif rose. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Biotechnology: Applications in In Vitro Plant Conservation and Micropropagation)
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14 pages, 2880 KiB  
Article
Establishment and Optimization of Micropropagation System for Southern Highbush Blueberry
by Yuting Wang, Xiaoyun Zhang, Zhehao Jiang, Xiaolong Yang, Xiaojuan Liu, Xi Ou, Wei Su and Riyuan Chen
Horticulturae 2023, 9(8), 893; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9080893 - 06 Aug 2023
Viewed by 2037
Abstract
The optimization of micropropagation for blueberries is crucial due to the growing blueberry industry and demand for plantlets. This study focused on four stages: explant sterilization, in vitro establishment, in vitro proliferation, and ex vitro rooting, aiming to establish an efficient in vitro [...] Read more.
The optimization of micropropagation for blueberries is crucial due to the growing blueberry industry and demand for plantlets. This study focused on four stages: explant sterilization, in vitro establishment, in vitro proliferation, and ex vitro rooting, aiming to establish an efficient in vitro propagation system for southern highbush blueberry cultivar ‘ZY09’. The most effective explant sterilization method was a 60 s treatment with 75% ethanol and a 5 min treatment with 4% NaClO. During the establishment of the in vitro culture, the modified woody plant medium was found to be suitable. The replacement of NH4NO3 in woody plant medium with (NH4)2SO4 facilitated the proliferation of blueberry microshoots. The optimal combination of plant growth regulators for the in vitro proliferation of blueberry microshoots was indole-3-butyric acid (0.1 mg·L−1), thidiazuron (0.0005 mg·L−1), and zeatin (1 mg·L−1). Perlite was the most suitable substrate for ex vitro rooting. The best ex vitro rooting performance was observed without immersion in growth regulators. Indole-3-butyric acid enhances root formation and suppresses root elongation in blueberries. The findings of this study can be applied to large-scale in vitro propagation of southern highbush blueberry and provide a reference for the genetic transformation of blueberries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Biotechnology: Applications in In Vitro Plant Conservation and Micropropagation)
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