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16 pages, 1481 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Happiness and Socio-Demographic Factors in an Italian Sample: A Propensity-Matched Study

by Matteo Rizzato, Michele Antonelli, Carlo Sam, Cinzia Di Dio, Davide Lazzeroni and Davide Donelli

Healthcare 2023, 11(11), 1557; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11111557 - 25 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1782

Abstract

Happiness is receiving more and more interest both as a determinant of health and a measure of outcome in biomedical and psychological sciences. The main objective of this study was to assess how the levels of happiness vary in a large sample of [...] Read more.

Happiness is receiving more and more interest both as a determinant of health and a measure of outcome in biomedical and psychological sciences. The main objective of this study was to assess how the levels of happiness vary in a large sample of Italian adults and to identify the socio-demographic conditions which impair happiness domains the most. The participants of this survey consisted of 1695 Italian adults (85.9% women; 14.1% men) who completed the Measure of Happiness (MH) questionnaire online. In this study, the differences between groups in total and single domain (life perspective, psychophysical status, socio-relational sphere, relational private sphere, and financial status) happiness levels were examined through a propensity score matching analysis with respect to socio-demographic conditions, including gender, age, annual income, relationship status, having children, and education level. The results show that low income has a negative impact on happiness levels, whereas being in a relationship has a positive effect. Having children appears to have a negative impact on male happiness. Males appear to be happier than females, especially with regard to the psychophysics status. This evidence emphasizes the urgency for Italian policymakers to take actions on removing obstacles to people’s happiness, especially with regard to financial distress, parenthood, and gender gaps. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental and Behavioral Healthcare)

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18 pages, 15048 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Physical Activity Alters Functional Connectivity of Orbitofrontal Cortex Subdivisions in Healthy Young Adults: A Longitudinal fMRI Study

by Jannik Claus, Neeraj Upadhyay, Angelika Maurer, Julian Klein, Lukas Scheef, Marcel Daamen, Jason Anthony Martin, Rüdiger Stirnberg, Alexander Radbruch, Ulrike Attenberger, Tony Stöcker and Henning Boecker

Healthcare 2023, 11(5), 689; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11050689 - 26 Feb 2023

Viewed by 1369

Abstract

Physical activity (PA) plays an important role in affect processing. Studies describe the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) as a major hub for emotion processing and the pathophysiology of affective disorders. Subregions of the OFC show diverse functional connectivity (FC) topographies, but the effect of [...] Read more.

Physical activity (PA) plays an important role in affect processing. Studies describe the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) as a major hub for emotion processing and the pathophysiology of affective disorders. Subregions of the OFC show diverse functional connectivity (FC) topographies, but the effect of chronic PA on subregional OFC FC still lacks scientific understanding. Therefore, we aimed at investigating the effects of regular PA on the FC topographies of OFC subregions in healthy individuals within a longitudinal randomized controlled exercise study. Participants (age: 18–35 years) were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (IG; N = 18) or a control group (CG; N = 10). Fitness assessments, mood questionnaires, and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) were performed four times over the duration of 6 months. Using a detailed parcellation of the OFC, we created subregional FC topography maps at each time point and applied a linear mixed model to assess the effects of regular PA. The posterior–lateral right OFC showed a group and time interaction, revealing decreased FC with the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the IG, while FC in the CG increased. Group and time interaction in the anterior–lateral right OFC with the right middle frontal gyrus was driven by increased FC in the IG. The posterior–lateral left OFC showed a group and time interaction based on differential change in FC to the left postcentral gyrus and the right occipital gyrus. This study emphasized regionally distinctive FC changes induced by PA within the lateral OFC territory, while providing aspects for further research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental and Behavioral Healthcare)

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12 pages, 324 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anxiety and Depression in the Initial Stage of the COVID-19 Outbreak in a Portuguese Sample: Exploratory Study

by Helena José, Cláudia Oliveira, Emília Costa, Filomena Matos, Eusébio Pacheco, Filipe Nave, Olga Valentim and Luís Sousa

Healthcare 2023, 11(5), 659; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11050659 - 23 Feb 2023

Viewed by 1426

Abstract

Background: In previous studies, it was found that the confinement to which the population was subjected during the quarantine of the COVID-19 pandemic increased the risk of anxiety and depression. Objective: to analyze the levels of anxiety and depression symptoms in Portugal residents [...] Read more.

Background: In previous studies, it was found that the confinement to which the population was subjected during the quarantine of the COVID-19 pandemic increased the risk of anxiety and depression. Objective: to analyze the levels of anxiety and depression symptoms in Portugal residents during the quarantine of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a descriptive, transversal, and exploratory study of non-probabilistic sampling. Data collection was carried out between 6th and 31st of May 2020. Sociodemographic and health questionnaires PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were used. Results: The sample consisted of 920 individuals. The prevalence for depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 5) was 68.2% and (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) was 34.8%, and for anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 ≥ 5) was 60.4% and (GAD-7 ≥ 10) was 20%. Depressive symptoms were moderately severe for 8.9% of the individuals, and 4.8% presented severe depression. Regarding the generalized anxiety disorder, we found that 11.6% of individuals present moderate symptoms, and 8.4% severe anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms were substantially higher than those previously found for the Portuguese population and when compared with other countries during the pandemic. Younger individuals, female, with chronic illness and medicated, were more vulnerable to depressive and anxious symptoms. In contrast, participants who maintained frequent levels of physical activity during confinement had their mental health protected. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental and Behavioral Healthcare)

10 pages, 993 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Gender, Mental Health and Socioeconomic Differences in Fibromyalgia: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Real-World Data from Catalonia

by Glòria Sauch Valmaña, Queralt Miró Catalina, Noèlia Carrasco-Querol and Josep Vidal-Alaball

Healthcare 2023, 11(4), 530; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040530 - 10 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1564

Abstract

The main objective of our study was to assess the associated risk between fibromyalgia (FM) and the incidence of the diagnosis of anxiety and depression in the general population during the years 2010–2017 in Catalonia. Method: A retrospective cohort study was designed using [...] Read more.

The main objective of our study was to assess the associated risk between fibromyalgia (FM) and the incidence of the diagnosis of anxiety and depression in the general population during the years 2010–2017 in Catalonia. Method: A retrospective cohort study was designed using the Information System for Research Development in Primary Care database. All patients with FM were included (n = 56,098) and matched to the control group in a 1:2 pairing ratio (n = 112,196). The demographic variables studied were sex, age and socio-economic status. Results: Patients with FM have a lower survival rate if they are also diagnosed with anxiety and depression during the entire study period, with the rate being 26.6% lower in FM patients at an 8-year follow-up (0.58, 95%CI: 0.57–0.59 vs. 0.79, 95%CI: 0.78–0.79). There is a 58% reduction in the risk of developing anxiety and/or depression in the control group vs. the FM group (p-value < 0.05), and by 45% in male vs. female sex (p-value < 0.05). Conclusions: FM is a disease that is associated with anxiety and depression, and men are at lower risk of anxiety and depression after FM diagnosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental and Behavioral Healthcare)

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10 pages, 289 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effectiveness of Day Hospitals in the Personal Recovery of Mental Disorder Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic

by Antonio José Sánchez-Guarnido, María Isabel Ruiz-Granados, Javier Herruzo-Cabrera and Carlos Herruzo-Pino

Healthcare 2023, 11(3), 413; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11030413 - 31 Jan 2023

Viewed by 1100

Abstract

Background: In recent years, a new recovery model has gained ground in which recovery is understood as a process of change where individuals are able to improve their health and wellbeing, lead self-sufficient lives and strive to achieve their maximum potential (personal recovery). [...] Read more.

Background: In recent years, a new recovery model has gained ground in which recovery is understood as a process of change where individuals are able to improve their health and wellbeing, lead self-sufficient lives and strive to achieve their maximum potential (personal recovery). Despite the existence of data regarding the effectiveness of mental health day hospitals (MHDHs) in reducing relapses in terms of hospital admissions and emergencies, no studies have to date assessed how this change affected the new personal recovery model. Objectives: To verify the effectiveness of MHDHs in improving personal recovery processes among people with mental disorders (MDs). Methods: A prospective cohort study. A group of patients receiving follow-up at MHDHs was compared with another group of patients receiving follow-up in other therapeutic units over a period of three months. Results: Patient recovery at the MHDHs, assessed using the Individual Recovery Outcomes Counter (I.ROC), was found to be significantly better than that of patients attended in other units. Conclusions: MHDHs can contribute to the recovery of people with MDs. This is particularly important at a time when some patients may have experienced impediments to their recovery processes due to the pandemic. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental and Behavioral Healthcare)

11 pages, 407 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Incongruent Views of Functioning between Patients and Gastroenterologists: A Mixed Methods Study

by Francisco José Eiroa-Orosa, Alicia Georghiades, Amanda Rodriguez-Urrutia and Anna Accarino

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010062 - 26 Dec 2022

Viewed by 1040

Abstract

Gastrointestinal patients, especially those diagnosed with functional digestive disorders (FGIDs), usually present a complex clinical picture that poses a challenge for their management in primary care. The main objective of the current research was to examine the relationship of the congruence of the [...] Read more.

Gastrointestinal patients, especially those diagnosed with functional digestive disorders (FGIDs), usually present a complex clinical picture that poses a challenge for their management in primary care. The main objective of the current research was to examine the relationship of the congruence of the perception of severity and quality of life between gastroenterologists and their patients with psychological distress and the helping attitude experienced by the latter attended in primary care centres. Additionally, we wanted to explore patients’ and practitioners’ perceptions. We performed a cross-sectional study with a total of 2261 patients (1562 analysed) that attended three primary care centres. Patients completed questionnaires that measured physical functioning, distress, and perception of helping attitude. Gastroenterologists registered the functional status of each participating patient. Patients were then invited to take part in the qualitative part of the study if they were considered to have incongruent views on their functioning with their gastroenterologist. In total, 52 patients took part in one of eight focus groups. Additionally, four individual interviews were carried out with three gastroenterologists and one consultation-liaison psychiatrist specialised in FGIDs. Both incongruence and functional diagnosis correlated with distress. However, incongruent views between patients and gastroenterologists explained more variance. Statistically significant differences in patients’ helping attitude perception were detected between diagnostic but no incongruence groups. In the second stage of the study, a total of five themes were identified from the patient focus groups and the gastroenterologist interviews: illness-emotional and personal problems, disease-health system interaction, health system, intervention, and patients. The current research allowed us to confirm that incongruence in the perception of severity and quality of life between gastroenterologists and patients is related to psychological distress and that this occurs in a multifactorial context where the characteristics of the disorder interact with those of the health system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental and Behavioral Healthcare)

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17 pages, 1309 KiB

Open AccessArticle

What Motivates People to Receive Continuous COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Shots? An Expectation Confirmation Theory Perspective

by Jingfang Liu, Shuangjinhua Lu and Caiying Lu

Healthcare 2022, 10(12), 2535; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10122535 - 14 Dec 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1658

Abstract

(1) Background: Abundant evidence has shown that the COVID-19 vaccine booster is highly effective against the Omicron variant. It is of great practical significance to explore the factors influencing the intention to receive COVID-19 booster shots. (2) Methods: We introduced expectation confirmation theory [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Abundant evidence has shown that the COVID-19 vaccine booster is highly effective against the Omicron variant. It is of great practical significance to explore the factors influencing the intention to receive COVID-19 booster shots. (2) Methods: We introduced expectation confirmation theory as the basis to construct a model of the factors of the vaccination intention for COVID-19 vaccine boosters. We obtained two batches of questionnaires through Chinese social platforms, with a valid sample size of 572. To test the model, we used SmartPLS3.0 software for empirical analysis. (3) Results: In terms of the characteristics of the vaccine itself, perceived vaccine efficacy and perceived vaccine safety had significant positive effects on expectation confirmation. Regarding vaccination services, perceived vaccination convenience also had a significant positive effect on expectation confirmation. Expectation confirmation positively affected the vaccination intention for the COVID-19 vaccine boosters. Furthermore, the results showed two moderating effects: first, health consciousness negatively moderated the positive effect of perceived vaccine safety on expectation confirmation; second, the time interval since the last dose negatively moderated the positive effect of perceived vaccine efficacy on expectation confirmation. (4) Conclusions: Our research demonstrated that there is an expectation confirmation process for previous COVID-19 vaccines before people consider whether to obtain a booster shot. Perceived vaccine efficacy and perceived vaccine safety remained important factors in receiving COVID-19 booster shots, and our conclusions were consistent with previous literature. In this study, multiple dimensions such as distance and cost were used to measure perceived vaccination convenience. This new variable improve the explanatory power of the convenience of the vaccination service and enrich the variables of the factor model of vaccination intention. In addition, the moderating effects of health consciousness and time interval were found. The findings can provide a theoretical reference for public health institutions to help them understand the formation process of people’s intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine booster. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental and Behavioral Healthcare)

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10 pages, 494 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Clinical and Psychological Variables in Female Patients with Cervical Syndromes: A Cross-Sectional and Correlational Study

by Sara Cabanillas-Barea, Andoni Carrasco-Uribarren, Ricardo Medrano-de-la-Fuente, Sandra Jiménez-del-Barrio, Pilar Pardos-Aguilella, Silvia Pérez-Guillén and Luis Ceballos-Laita

Healthcare 2022, 10(12), 2398; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10122398 - 29 Nov 2022

Viewed by 1131

Abstract

Background: The objectives of this study were: (1) to compare the pain intensity, cervical range of motion (ROM), psychological distress and kinesiophobia in patients with cervicogenic dizziness (CGD), tension-type headache (TTH), and mechanical chronic neck pain (MCNP); and (2) to investigate the relationships [...] Read more.

Background: The objectives of this study were: (1) to compare the pain intensity, cervical range of motion (ROM), psychological distress and kinesiophobia in patients with cervicogenic dizziness (CGD), tension-type headache (TTH), and mechanical chronic neck pain (MCNP); and (2) to investigate the relationships between pain intensity and cervical ROM and between psychological distress and kinesiophobia. Methods: a cross-sectional and correlational study was designed. In total, 109 patients (32 patients with CGD, 33 with TTH and 44 with MCNP) were included. Pain intensity, cervical ROM, psychological distress and kinesiophobia were assessed. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the groups in pain intensity, psychological distress and kinesiophobia. The patients with MCNP showed higher pain intensity compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). The patients with CGD showed higher depression and kinesiophobia values compared to the MCNP and TTH groups (p < 0.05). No differences were found for cervical flexion, extension, lateral flexion, or rotation ROM (p > 0.05). The CGD and MCNP groups found a moderate positive correlation between psychological distress and kinesiophobia (p < 0.05). The patients with TTH and MCNP showed a moderate positive correlation between pain intensity, psychological distress and kinesiophobia (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Pain intensity, psychological distress and kinesiophobia should be considered in the three groups. Psychological distress was correlated with kinesiophobia in the CGD and MCNP groups. The MCNP group showed a correlation between pain intensity, psychological distress and kinesiophobia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental and Behavioral Healthcare)

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11 pages, 292 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Non-Pathological Psychological Distress among Mainland Chinese in Canada and Its Sociodemographic Risk Factors amidst the Pandemic

by Lixia Yang, Linke Yu, Kesaan Kandasamy, Yiran Wang, Fuyan Shi, Weiguo Zhang and Peizhong Peter Wang

Healthcare 2022, 10(11), 2326; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112326 - 21 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1639

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated health inequalities, with a potentially heightened mental health risk for Mainland Chinese in Canada, given the rising anti-Chinese discrimination, and barriers in assessing health services. In this context, this study aimed to assess non-pathological psychological distress towards COVID-19 [...] Read more.

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated health inequalities, with a potentially heightened mental health risk for Mainland Chinese in Canada, given the rising anti-Chinese discrimination, and barriers in assessing health services. In this context, this study aimed to assess non-pathological psychological distress towards COVID-19 and identify its sociodemographic risk factors among Mainland Chinese in Canada at the early stages of the pandemic. Methods: A sample of 731 Mainland Chinese aged 16 or older completed an on-line survey to examine their attitudes, behavioural, and psychological responses towards COVID-19. Non-pathological psychological distress was assessed with a 7-item self-report scale to capture common emotional reactions towards COVID-19. Results: A factor analysis revealed a single-factor structure of the 7-item COVID-19 psychological distress scale (Eigen λ = 3.79). A composite psychological distress index (PDI) score was calculated from these items and used as the outcome variable. Multivariate regression models identified age, financial satisfaction, health status, and perceived/experienced discrimination as significant predictors of psychological distress (ps ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Mainland Chinese in Canada who were over 25, in poor financial/health status, or with perceived/experienced discrimination were at a higher risk for COVID-19-related psychological distress. The health inequity across these factors would inform the services to mitigate mental health risk in minority groups. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental and Behavioral Healthcare)

11 pages, 569 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Academic Motivation of Indonesian University Students: Relationship with Self-Compassion and Resilience

by Yasuhiro Kotera, Muhammad Aledeh, Kristian Barnes, Annabel Rushforth, Habib Adam and Riswani Riswani

Healthcare 2022, 10(10), 2092; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10102092 - 20 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2557

Abstract

Academic motivation is an important construct for university students, associated with student wellbeing and academic performance. Students who are motivated tend to feel and perform well. Self-compassion, that is kindness and understanding towards oneself in difficult times, and resilience, an ability to bounce [...] Read more.

Academic motivation is an important construct for university students, associated with student wellbeing and academic performance. Students who are motivated tend to feel and perform well. Self-compassion, that is kindness and understanding towards oneself in difficult times, and resilience, an ability to bounce back from difficulties, are also associated with student wellbeing and academic achievement. However, how these variables are related to each other has not been evaluated in Indonesian university students. Indonesian higher education has rapidly developed, focusing on student achievement while their wellbeing suffers. Understanding how academic motivation is linked with self-compassion and resilience can inform an effective way to augment their motivation. Accordingly, this cross-sectional study evaluated the relationship among these three variables. An opportunity sample of 156 students in Indonesia completed measures about those three constructs. Correlation, regression and moderation analyses were used. Intrinsic motivation was positively associated with extrinsic motivation and resilience. Amotivation was negatively associated with self-compassion and resilience. Self-compassion was positively associated with resilience. Both self-compassion and resilience predicted all three types of motivation apart from self-compassion for intrinsic motivation. Lastly, self-compassion nor resilience moderated the pathway from extrinsic motivation to intrinsic motivation. Resilience interventions are recommended for Indonesian students to maintain intrinsic motivation. Our findings will help educators and wellbeing staff to identify helpful ways to support healthful motivation in this student population that is undergoing drastic changes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental and Behavioral Healthcare)

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14 pages, 323 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Improving the Physical Health of Psychiatric Hospital Residents: An Evaluation of an Obesity Education Program for Mental Health Professionals

by Ellis E. Opusunju, Patrick A. Palmieri, Karen A. Dominguez-Cancino, Sebastian Jaque-Ortiz and Diane K. Whitehead

Healthcare 2022, 10(10), 1851; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101851 - 23 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2469

Abstract

Background: People living with mental health disorders are at increased risk for developing obesity due to poor diet, physical inactivity, and antipsychotic medications. In the United States, the obesity rate is 36% in the general population and more than 50% for people living [...] Read more.

Background: People living with mental health disorders are at increased risk for developing obesity due to poor diet, physical inactivity, and antipsychotic medications. In the United States, the obesity rate is 36% in the general population and more than 50% for people living with mental health disorders. Although mental health clinicians concentrate on managing psychiatric disorders, they seldom recognize the gradual increase in body mass index of their patients. The result is a disconnection between the clinical management of psychiatric disorders and the medical management of obesity. Purpose: This study assessed the effectiveness of an evidence-based education program for improving the obesity management practices of mental health clinicians caring for residents at a state psychiatric hospital. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study design with a pretest and posttest evaluation. Convenience sampling was used to recruit mental health professionals, or clinicians, at a large psychiatric hospital in the Southern region of the United States. Data was collected with the Advising and Treating Overweight and Obese Patient questionnaire (17 items). Data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings were reported in accordance with the TREND and GREET guidelines. Results: The education program was completed by 50 MHCs. The pretest indicated that 76% of MHCs were not involved in helping obese residents manage their weight, but the posttest indicated 90% were involved. There was a significant increase in MHC knowledge about obesity management and reported actions 90-days after the program. MHCs were unable to arrange follow-up visits for residents, a task not directly within their control. Conclusions: Mental health clinicians reported increased knowledge and improved clinical practice after an education program. Because the outcomes were reported at 90-days after the program, further research needs to evaluate the longitudinal impact of this type of program, where the reported behaviors are correlated to process and clinical outcome measures for obesity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental and Behavioral Healthcare)

12 pages, 322 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Associations between Psychological Distress, Perceived Social Support and Physical Activity Level in Spanish Adults with Depression

by Ángel Denche-Zamorano, Raquel Pastor-Cisneros, Jorge Carlos-Vivas, Juan Manuel Franco-García, Damián Pereira-Payo, Sabina Barrios-Fernandez, Jorge Rojo-Ramos and María Mendoza-Muñoz

Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1620; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091620 - 25 Aug 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1287

Abstract

Perceived social support (PSS) and physical activity (PA) could help to reduce psychological distress in people with depression. This study aims to analyse the associations between (a) mental health and its dimensions through the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), (b) the PA level [...] Read more.

Perceived social support (PSS) and physical activity (PA) could help to reduce psychological distress in people with depression. This study aims to analyse the associations between (a) mental health and its dimensions through the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), (b) the PA level (PAL), and c) the PSS in the Spanish adult population with psychological distress. This cross-sectional study is based on Spanish National Health Survey 2017 data, including 1670 adults with depression. A descriptive analysis was performed. Differences in medians between sexes were analysed using the Mann–Whitney U test. The Chi-square test was used to assess the independence between sex and PAL. The Kruskal–Wallis’ test was performed to analyse possible baseline differences between PAL and continuous variables derived from the GHQ-12. Finally, a correlation study was conducted between the generated variables and the GHQ-12 items, together with the PAL and the Duke-UNC-11, using Spearman’s rho correlation coefficients. Weak inverse correlations were found between the GHQ-12 and PAL (rho: −0.214); and PSS (r: −0.286). PAL and PSS showed weak inverse correlations with successful coping (rho: −0.216 and r: −0.265), self-esteem (rho: −0.209 and r: −0.283), and stress (rho: −0.130 and r: −0.232). Thus, higher PAL and SSP is associated with lower psychological distress. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental and Behavioral Healthcare)

22 pages, 3707 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Visualization and Semantic Labeling of Mood States Based on Time-Series Features of Eye Gaze and Facial Expressions by Unsupervised Learning

by Hirokazu Madokoro, Stephanie Nix and Kazuhito Sato

Healthcare 2022, 10(8), 1493; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10081493 - 08 Aug 2022

Viewed by 1542

Abstract

This study is intended to develop a stress measurement and visualization system for stress management in terms of simplicity and reliability. We present a classification and visualization method of mood states based on unsupervised machine learning (ML) algorithms. Our proposed method attempts to [...] Read more.

This study is intended to develop a stress measurement and visualization system for stress management in terms of simplicity and reliability. We present a classification and visualization method of mood states based on unsupervised machine learning (ML) algorithms. Our proposed method attempts to examine the relation between mood states and extracted categories in human communication from facial expressions, gaze distribution area and density, and rapid eye movements, defined as saccades. Using a psychological check sheet and a communication video with an interlocutor, an original benchmark dataset was obtained from 20 subjects (10 male, 10 female) in their 20s for four or eight weeks at weekly intervals. We used a Profile of Mood States Second edition (POMS2) psychological check sheet to extract total mood disturbance (TMD) and friendliness (F). These two indicators were classified into five categories using self-organizing maps (SOM) and U-Matrix. The relation between gaze and facial expressions was analyzed from the extracted five categories. Data from subjects in the positive categories were found to have a positive correlation with the concentrated distributions of gaze and saccades. Regarding facial expressions, the subjects showed a constant expression time of intentional smiles. By contrast, subjects in negative categories experienced a time difference in intentional smiles. Moreover, three comparative experiment results demonstrated that the feature addition of gaze and facial expressions to TMD and F clarified category boundaries obtained from U-Matrix. We verify that the use of SOM and its two variants is the best combination for the visualization of mood states. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental and Behavioral Healthcare)

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11 pages, 289 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Aging and Psychological Well-Being: The Possible Role of Inhibition Skills

by Giulia Fusi, Massimiliano Palmiero, Sara Lavolpe, Laura Colautti, Maura Crepaldi, Alessandro Antonietti, Alberto Di Domenico, Barbara Colombo, Adolfo Di Crosta, Pasquale La Malva, Luca Rozzini and Maria Luisa Rusconi

Healthcare 2022, 10(8), 1477; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10081477 - 05 Aug 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2006

Abstract

(1) Background: Psychological well-being (PWB) is a multidimensional construct which is a key protective factor against chronic diseases in older adults. Numerous psychological and cognitive factors can influence older people’s PWB. However, while most studies have explored the effect of general cognition, only [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Psychological well-being (PWB) is a multidimensional construct which is a key protective factor against chronic diseases in older adults. Numerous psychological and cognitive factors can influence older people’s PWB. However, while most studies have explored the effect of general cognition, only a few investigated the role of specific cognitive functions such as the efficiency of executive functions. Thus, the present study aimed to directly explore the relationships between PWB, age, and the core executive functions (namely working memory, flexibility, and inhibition). (2) Methods: A sample of 51 healthy older adults (age range: 60–88) were enrolled and tested both for PWB (by Ryff’s psychological well-being scale) and the core executive functions (by the Digit span backward, the Trail Making Test, and the Stroop test). (3) Results: Age and inhibitory skills are negatively correlated to the personal growth subscale of the PWB scale. Moreover, a hierarchical regression analysis showed that inhibition, but not working memory and flexibility, predicted the sense of continued growth and development (personal growth) of older adults, even after controlling for age and educational levels. Limitations and implications for future research and prevention interventions are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental and Behavioral Healthcare)

20 pages, 2821 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Cross-Sectional Study on the Associations between Physical Activity Level, Depression, and Anxiety in Smokers and Ex-Smokers

by Ángel Denche-Zamorano, David Manuel Mendoza-Muñoz, Raquel Pastor-Cisneros, José Carmelo Adsuar, Jorge Carlos-Vivas, Juan Manuel Franco-García, Jorge Pérez-Gómez and María Mendoza-Muñoz

Healthcare 2022, 10(8), 1403; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10081403 - 27 Jul 2022

Viewed by 1631

Abstract

Introduction: depression and anxiety is one of the most relevant public health problems. The link between smoking and depression has been demonstrated. Regular physical activity (PA) could act as a protector against mental health diseases. Objectives: (1) to explore the prevalence of depression [...] Read more.

Introduction: depression and anxiety is one of the most relevant public health problems. The link between smoking and depression has been demonstrated. Regular physical activity (PA) could act as a protector against mental health diseases. Objectives: (1) to explore the prevalence of depression and anxiety in relation to sex and to the condition of smoker and ex-smoker, (2) to study the differences in prevalence proportions according to the frequency and level of PA, and (3) to calculate the probability of presenting depression or anxiety according to the frequency and level of PA. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted, based on data extracted from the 2014 and 2020 Spanish European Health Survey and the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey. The sample included 9524, 7813, and 9079 participants, respectively. Descriptive analysis was performed (comparisons using a Chi-square test and z-test for independent proportions). Probability odds ratios of anxiety and depression were calculated according to PA. Results: women had a higher prevalence of depression and anxiety than men (p < 0.001–0.003). Higher levels of prevalence were observed in inactive people versus very active or active people (p < 0.001). Inactive people had a higher risk of depression and anxiety compared to very active people. Conclusion: inactive smokers and ex-smokers had higher levels of prevalence of depression and anxiety than active and very active people. Physical inactivity could increase the risk of suffering these mental disorders in this population. This could affect women more than men. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental and Behavioral Healthcare)

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11 pages, 279 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Physical Activity and Nutritional INfluences in Ageing (PANINI) Toolkit: A Standardized Approach towards Physical Activity and Nutritional Assessment of Older Adults

by Keenan A. Ramsey, Carel G. M. Meskers, Marijke C. Trappenburg, Maria Giulia Bacalini, Massimo Delledonne, Paolo Garagnani, Carolyn Greig, Victor Kallen, Nico van Meeteren, Natal van Riel, Nadine Correia Santos, Sarianna Sipilä, Janice L. Thompson, Anna C. Whittaker and Andrea B. Maier

Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1017; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061017 - 31 May 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2404

Abstract

Assessing multiple domains of health in older adults requires multidimensional and large datasets. Consensus on definitions, measurement protocols and outcome measures is a prerequisite. The Physical Activity and Nutritional INfluences In Ageing (PANINI) Toolkit aims to provide a standardized toolkit of best-practice measures [...] Read more.

Assessing multiple domains of health in older adults requires multidimensional and large datasets. Consensus on definitions, measurement protocols and outcome measures is a prerequisite. The Physical Activity and Nutritional INfluences In Ageing (PANINI) Toolkit aims to provide a standardized toolkit of best-practice measures for assessing health domains of older adults with an emphasis on nutrition and physical activity. The toolkit was drafted by consensus of multidisciplinary and pan-European experts on ageing to standardize research initiatives in diverse populations within the PANINI consortium. Domains within the PANINI Toolkit include socio-demographics, general health, nutrition, physical activity and physical performance and psychological and cognitive health. Implementation across various countries, settings and ageing populations has proven the feasibility of its use in research. This multidimensional and standardized approach supports interoperability and re-use of data, which is needed to optimize the coordination of research efforts, increase generalizability of findings and ultimately address the challenges of ageing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental and Behavioral Healthcare)

14 pages, 250 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Burden of Mental Illness among Primary HIV Discharges: A Retrospective Analysis of Inpatient Data

by Robert M. Avina, Jim E. Banta, Ronald Mataya, Benjamin J. Becerra and Monideepa B. Becerra

Healthcare 2022, 10(5), 804; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10050804 - 26 Apr 2022

Viewed by 1523

Abstract

Background: Empirical evidence demonstrates the substantial burden of mental illness among people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA). Current literature also notes the co-morbidity of these two illnesses and its impact on quality of life and mortality. However, little evidence exists on patient [...] Read more.

Background: Empirical evidence demonstrates the substantial burden of mental illness among people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA). Current literature also notes the co-morbidity of these two illnesses and its impact on quality of life and mortality. However, little evidence exists on patient outcomes, such as hospital length of stay or post-discharge status. Methods: A retrospective analysis of National Inpatient Sample data was conducted. The study population was defined as discharges having a primary diagnosis of HIV based on International Classification of Disease, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes in primary diagnosis field. Clinical Classification Software (CCS) codes are used to identify comorbid mental illness. Length of stay was defined as number of days between hospital admission and discharge. Disposition (or post-discharge status) was defined as routine versus not routine. Patient and hospital characteristics were used as control variables. All regression analyses were survey-weighted and adjusted for control variables. Results: The weighted population size (N) for this study was 26,055 (n = 5211). Among primary HIV discharges, presence of any mental illness as a secondary discharge was associated with 12% higher LOS, when compared to a lack of such comorbidity (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05, 1.22, p < 0.01). Likewise, among primary HIV discharges, those with mental illness had a 21% lower routine disposition, when compared to those without any mental illness (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.68, 0.91, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our results highlight the need for improved mental health screening and coordinated care to reduce the burden of mental illness among HIV discharges. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental and Behavioral Healthcare)

13 pages, 1189 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Trends in Daily Heart Rate Variability Fluctuations Are Associated with Longitudinal Changes in Stress and Somatisation in Police Officers

by Herman de Vries, Wim Kamphuis, Cees van der Schans, Robbert Sanderman and Hilbrand Oldenhuis

Healthcare 2022, 10(1), 144; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10010144 - 12 Jan 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3433

Abstract

The emergence of wearable sensors that allow for unobtrusive monitoring of physiological and behavioural patterns introduces new opportunities to study the impact of stress in a real-world context. This study explores to what extent within-subject trends in daily Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and [...] Read more.

The emergence of wearable sensors that allow for unobtrusive monitoring of physiological and behavioural patterns introduces new opportunities to study the impact of stress in a real-world context. This study explores to what extent within-subject trends in daily Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and daily HRV fluctuations are associated with longitudinal changes in stress, depression, anxiety, and somatisation. Nine Dutch police officers collected daily nocturnal HRV data using an Oura ring during 15–55 weeks. Participants filled in the Four-Dimensional Symptoms Questionnaire every 5 weeks. A sample of 47 five-week observations was collected and analysed using multiple regression. After controlling for trends in total sleep time, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and alcohol use, an increasing trend in the seven-day rolling standard deviation of the HRV (HRVsd) was associated with increases in stress and somatisation over 5 weeks. Furthermore, an increasing HRV trend buffered against the association between HRVsd trend and somatisation change, undoing this association when it was combined with increasing HRV. Depression and anxiety could not be related to trends in HRV or HRVsd, which was related to observed floor effects. These results show that monitoring trends in daily HRV via wearables holds promise for automated stress monitoring and providing personalised feedback. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental and Behavioral Healthcare)

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17 pages, 1185 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Medical Services for Insomnia in Korea: A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Study Using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Claims Data

by Chaewon Son, Yu-Cheol Lim, Ye-Seul Lee, Jung-Hwa Lim, Bo-Kyung Kim and In-Hyuk Ha

Healthcare 2022, 10(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10010007 - 22 Dec 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2931

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze current trends in healthcare utilization and medication usage in patients with insomnia. We reviewed the National Patient Sample data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service to determine healthcare utilization in patients diagnosed with insomnia (International Classification [...] Read more.

This study aimed to analyze current trends in healthcare utilization and medication usage in patients with insomnia. We reviewed the National Patient Sample data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service to determine healthcare utilization in patients diagnosed with insomnia (International Classification of Diseases-10 codes G470, F510) between January 2010 and December 2016. There were 87,470 patients enrolled in this study who utilized healthcare services at least once during the 7-year period. Healthcare utilization trends, Korean and Western medicine (KM and WM, respectively) therapies utilized, comorbidities, and socioeconomic data were analyzed. The number of patients seeking WM or KM care for insomnia increased annually. Adults aged ≥45 years accounted for 73% of the cohort, and there were more female than male patients. KM treatment including acupuncture was the most common in KM (65.29%), while examination was the most common WM treatments (49.31%). In pharmacological therapy, sedatives and hypnotics were the most common (41.08%), followed by antianxiety (19.50%), digestive system and metabolism-related drugs (7.77%). The most common comorbidities were mental health disorders (50.56%) in WM but musculoskeletal disorders in KM (35.67%). Code G470 was used more frequently than code F510, and the difference was more evident in KM than in WM. The findings will provide valuable information for both clinicians and researchers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental and Behavioral Healthcare)

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14 pages, 674 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Virtual Reality-Based Relaxation Techniques on Psychological, Physiological, and Biochemical Stress Indicators

by Eglė Mazgelytė, Virginija Rekienė, Edita Dereškevičiūtė, Tomas Petrėnas, Jurgita Songailienė, Algirdas Utkus, Gintaras Chomentauskas and Dovilė Karčiauskaitė

Healthcare 2021, 9(12), 1729; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9121729 - 14 Dec 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4151

Abstract

Various relaxation techniques could benefit from merging with virtual reality (VR) technologies, as these technologies are easily applicable, involving, and user-friendly. To date, it is unclear which relaxation technique using biofeedback combined with VR technology is the most effective. The study aimed to [...] Read more.

Various relaxation techniques could benefit from merging with virtual reality (VR) technologies, as these technologies are easily applicable, involving, and user-friendly. To date, it is unclear which relaxation technique using biofeedback combined with VR technology is the most effective. The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of brief VR-based biofeedback-assisted relaxation techniques including electroencephalographic biofeedback, mindfulness-based biofeedback, galvanic skin response biofeedback, and respiratory biofeedback. Forty-three healthy volunteers (age 34.7 ± 7.2 years), comprising 28 (65%) women and 15 (35%) men, were enrolled in the study. All the participants were exposed to four distinct relaxation sessions according to a computer-generated random sequence. The efficacy of relaxation methods was evaluated by examining psychological, physiological, and biochemical stress indicators. All VR-based relaxation techniques reduced salivary steroid hormone (i.e., cortisol, cortisone, and total glucocorticoid) levels and increased galvanic skin response values. Similarly, all interventions led to a significantly reduced subjectively perceived psychological strain level. Three out of the four interventions (i.e., electroencephalographic, respiratory, and galvanic skin response-based biofeedback relaxation sessions) resulted in a decreased self-reported fatigue level. We suggest that newly developed VR-based relaxations techniques are potential tools for stress reduction and might be particularly suitable for individuals who are not capable of adhering to a strict and time-consuming stress management intervention schedule. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental and Behavioral Healthcare)

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12 pages, 492 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Associations of Sleep Quality, Anxiety, and Depression with Cognitive and Executive Functions among Community-Dwelling Women Aged ≥ 65 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Ana Belén Parra-Díaz, Agustín Aibar-Almazán, Antonio Martínez-Amat, José Daniel Jiménez-García, Francisco Álvarez-Salvago and Fidel Hita-Contreras

Healthcare 2021, 9(11), 1599; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111599 - 21 Nov 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2219

Abstract

(1) Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations of sleep quality, anxiety, and depression with cognitive performance, executive functions, and verbal fluency among women aged ≥ 65 years; (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 241 women (72.52 [...] Read more.

(1) Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations of sleep quality, anxiety, and depression with cognitive performance, executive functions, and verbal fluency among women aged ≥ 65 years; (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 241 women (72.52 ± 3.93 years). Cognitive performance (Mini-Mental State Examination) and impairment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), verbal fluency (Isaacs test) and executive function (Trail Making Test), Sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep quality Index) and anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) were determined; (3) Results: The linear regression analysis indicated that anxiety, depression and age, were related to lower Mini-Mental State Examination score (adjusted R² = 0.306), and age, anxiety and daytime dysfunction were linked to reduced Montreal Cognitive Assessment score (adjusted R² = 0.248). Age and daytime dysfunction were associated with worse verbal fluency (adjusted R² = 0.094). Finally, sleep latency, sleep disturbances, the Pittsburgh Sleep quality Index total score were associated with longer times in TMT-A (adjusted R² = 0.758) and TMT-B (adjusted R² = 0.508); (4) Conclusions: Sleep quality was associated with cognitive performance, verbal fluency and executive functions. Besides, both anxiety and depression were related with cognitive performance, while only anxiety was linked to executive functions. As for confounders, age was associated with cognitive performance and verbal fluency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental and Behavioral Healthcare)

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18 pages, 904 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Stress and Burnout Related to Electronic Health Record Use among Healthcare Providers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia: A Preliminary National Randomized Survey

by Jwaher A. Almulhem, Raniah N. Aldekhyyel, Samar Binkheder, Mohamad-Hani Temsah and Amr Jamal

Healthcare 2021, 9(10), 1367; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9101367 - 14 Oct 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2808

Abstract

Healthcare providers’ burnout may potentially have a negative impact on patient care. The use of the electronic health record (EHR) increases the burden for healthcare providers (HCPs), particularly during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study assessed the stress and burnout related to [...] Read more.

Healthcare providers’ burnout may potentially have a negative impact on patient care. The use of the electronic health record (EHR) increases the burden for healthcare providers (HCPs), particularly during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study assessed the stress and burnout related to the use of EHRs and health information technology (HIT) tools among HCPs during COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. We used a self-developed survey tool. It consisted of five sections; demographics and professional data, experience using EHR, effects of EHR use, use of EHR and technology tools during COVID-19, and health and wellbeing. The survey link was emailed to a random sample of HCPs registered with a national scientific regulatory body. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed to measure the association between burnout and study variables. A total of 182 participants completed the survey. 50.5% of participants reported a presence of HIT-related stress, and 40.1% reported a presence of burnout. The variables independently associated with burnout were providing tertiary level of care, working with COVID-19 suspected cases, dissatisfaction with EHRs, and agreement with the statement that using EHRs added frustration to the workday. Further research that explores possible solutions is warranted to minimize burnout among HCPs, especially during infectious outbreaks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental and Behavioral Healthcare)

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14 pages, 2431 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Role of Equanimity on the Mediation Model of Neuroticism, Perceived Stress and Depressive Symptoms

by Nahathai Wongpakaran, Tinakon Wongpakaran, Danny Wedding, Zsuzsanna Mirnics and Zsuzsanna Kövi

Healthcare 2021, 9(10), 1300; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9101300 - 29 Sep 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2843

Abstract

Background: Equanimity is widely and commonly practiced, but few have investigated the concept in clinical research. While the mediation model of neuroticism, perceived stress and depression have been demonstrated, it remains unclear whether equanimity mediates the relationship of these variables in parallel, serial [...] Read more.

Background: Equanimity is widely and commonly practiced, but few have investigated the concept in clinical research. While the mediation model of neuroticism, perceived stress and depression have been demonstrated, it remains unclear whether equanimity mediates the relationship of these variables in parallel, serial or moderated mediation models. This study aimed to investigate the role of equanimity among those models. Methods: In all, 644 general participants (74.2% female, mean age = 28.28 (SD = 10.6)) provided data on the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Neuroticism Inventory (NI), depression subscale of the Core Symptom Index, and the equanimity subscale of the inner Strength-based Inventory. Mediation and moderation analyses with the 5000 bootstrapping method were applied. Results: Equanimity was shown to moderate the relationship between NI/PSS and depressive symptom. Statistical evaluation supported all parallel, serial and moderated mediation models. Equanimity as a moderator provided a higher amount of percent variance explained by depressive symptoms than parallel and serial mediation models. Conclusions: Results suggest that the effect of perceived stress and neuroticism on depression can be mitigated by increasing levels of equanimity. The results demonstrated one potential benefit from practicing equanimity; enabling its extension to mental health problems could constitute an interesting focus for future research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental and Behavioral Healthcare)

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11 pages, 952 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Neutralizing a Springboard for Inflammation: Physical Activity to Control the Immune Network

by Victor Kallen, Rogier Scherder, Maarten J. Cramer, Jacqueline Stam, Bruce Johnson and Erik Scherder

Healthcare 2021, 9(9), 1196; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091196 - 10 Sep 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2428

Abstract

The severe consequences of the present Corona Virus Disease 2019 COVID-19 pandemic seem to be closely related to an already ongoing (‘first’) pandemic, directly associated with a sedentary lifestyle. It seems evident that the prognosis after infection is substantially worse for individuals suffering [...] Read more.

The severe consequences of the present Corona Virus Disease 2019 COVID-19 pandemic seem to be closely related to an already ongoing (‘first’) pandemic, directly associated with a sedentary lifestyle. It seems evident that the prognosis after infection is substantially worse for individuals suffering from, for example, (visceral) obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes type 2. Consequently, it may be considered highly relevant to gain insight into the potential beneficial effects of exercise interventions to strengthen the immune system, particularly in high-risk populations. For this reason, the exercise protocols that are suggested to strengthen the immune system, which can be executed by all ages and almost all physical conditions, were reviewed and evaluated. Previously published protocols range from interrupting prolonged sitting, to regular low-to-moderate exercise activities, to high intensity, typically interval, sports formats. Reported positive effects on immune functioning appear to be induced either directly or via beneficial metabolic and/or psychological effects and become measurable after 3 weeks to 3 months. Based in these findings, it appeared possible to design an optimal exercise protocol to maximize effects on immune functioning that should be executable for all, even under restricted (‘lockdown’) circumstances. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental and Behavioral Healthcare)

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Review

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13 pages, 895 KiB

Open AccessReview

Perceptions of and Satisfaction with Sexual and Reproductive Health Interventions in Pre-Adolescent and Adolescent Students in UE/EEA Countries: A Systematic Review

by Marco Montalti, Yari Longobucco, Chiara Celani, Laura Dallolio and Alice Masini

Healthcare 2023, 11(7), 939; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11070939 - 24 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1400

Abstract

The objective of this review is to investigate perceptions of and satisfaction with sexual and reproductive health (SRH) interventions among pre-adolescents and adolescents of all genders and ethnicities in EU/EEA countries. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA recommendations. A systematic [...] Read more.

The objective of this review is to investigate perceptions of and satisfaction with sexual and reproductive health (SRH) interventions among pre-adolescents and adolescents of all genders and ethnicities in EU/EEA countries. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA recommendations. A systematic literature search was conducted on MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Central), CINAHL (EBSCO), and PsycINFO (EBSCO) up to March 2022 to identify all published articles that included information on perceptions and levels of satisfaction with SRH interventions. The selected studies were independently and blindly evaluated for risk of bias. Finally, only five papers were included in our review, divided according to the implemented intervention design: conducted by research groups (health or non-health professionals) or structured entirely in a peer-to-peer approach. Both types of program designs analyzed in the included studies were well accepted by students, even though satisfaction assessment methods were not standardized. Peer-to-peer conducted SRH programs or interventions with practical components (e.g., exercises, discussion) were more appreciated. We also found higher levels of satisfaction among younger participants. Future SRH educational programs should consider an assessment of participants’ perceptions and satisfaction, possibly adopting standardized tools. Following a peer-to-peer structure and delivering programs early could lead to greater participant satisfaction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental and Behavioral Healthcare)

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18 pages, 1084 KiB

Open AccessReview

Self-Care for Nurses and Midwives: Findings from a Scoping Review

by Luisa Sist, Sara Savadori, Annalisa Grandi, Monica Martoni, Elena Baiocchi, Carlotta Lombardo and Lara Colombo

Healthcare 2022, 10(12), 2473; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10122473 - 07 Dec 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4577

Abstract

Self-care for health care professionals is essential in order to optimize the care they provide and to prevent serious consequences for their health. This scoping review aimed to identify (a) the concepts used in the literature to describe self-care; (b) interventions that influence [...] Read more.

Self-care for health care professionals is essential in order to optimize the care they provide and to prevent serious consequences for their health. This scoping review aimed to identify (a) the concepts used in the literature to describe self-care; (b) interventions that influence self-care. The scoping review was conducted according to the criteria and methodology by Arksey and O’Malley, from November 2020 to January 2021, by consulting the following databases: Pubmed, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library, Joanna Briggs Library. Various keywords and MesH terms were used for the search, including self-care, nurses, midwives, nursing, midwifery, self-compassion, and self-awareness. Eighteen studies were included. The concept of self-care is related to three constructs: (a) Mindfulness; (b) Compassion; and (c) Resilience. In the literature, self-care interventions can be distinguished as (a) mindfulness-based; (b) educational; (c) multimodal approach; and (d) mind-body interventions. In recent years, the concept of self-care is a topic of great interest in the literature; dealing with self-care from both a theoretical and a practical—personal and professional—perspective has become more important in order to promote practitioners’ well-being. This scoping review helps to clarify the terms related to self-care and looks at tested interventions to improve the well-being of caregivers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental and Behavioral Healthcare)

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9 pages, 644 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Safety and Efficacy of Psychosocial Adherence Interventions in Young People with Early Psychosis: A Systematic Review

by Gül Dikeç, Ellie Brown, Daniel Bressington, Andrew Thompson and Richard Gray

Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1732; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091732 - 09 Sep 2022

Viewed by 1758

Abstract

Background: The role of antipsychotic medication in supporting young people in their recovery from early psychosis is complex and controversial. It is common for young people, often given antipsychotic medication for the first time, to express a choice to stop treatment, potentially increasing [...] Read more.

Background: The role of antipsychotic medication in supporting young people in their recovery from early psychosis is complex and controversial. It is common for young people, often given antipsychotic medication for the first time, to express a choice to stop treatment, potentially increasing the risk of relapse and admission to hospital. Our systematic review aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of psychosocial interventions to enhance antipsychotic medication adherence in young people with early psychosis. Methods: We reviewed studies using any experimental design of psychosocial interventions specifically focused on enhancing adherence with antipsychotic medication in young people with early psychosis. Cochrane CENTRAL Register, Medline, Embase, PsychINFO and CINAHL were searched on 19 November 2021 without time restriction. Studies were assessed for quality using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Results: Our initial search identified 3469 documents. Following title, abstract and full-text screening, we included three published studies and one unpublished experimental study that met our inclusion criteria. Outcome data were available for three studies that tested adherence–coping–education, adherence therapy, and a health dialogue intervention, all having a positive effect on medication adherence. None of the trials reported data on the safety of the experimental interventions. Conclusion: There is a paucity of evidence from high-quality randomized controlled trials that establish the safety and effectiveness of any type of psychosocial intervention to enhance medication adherence in young people with early psychosis. Further high-quality trials are warranted. This review was registered on the Open Science Framework prior to undertaking out initial searches. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental and Behavioral Healthcare)

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41 pages, 971 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Burnout, Compassion Fatigue, and Compassion Satisfaction in Healthcare Personnel: A Systematic Review of the Literature Published during the First Year of the Pandemic

by Cristina Lluch, Laura Galiana, Pablo Doménech and Noemí Sansó

Healthcare 2022, 10(2), 364; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020364 - 13 Feb 2022

Cited by 102 | Viewed by 13685

Abstract

This literature review aimed to determine the level of burnout, compassion fatigue, and compassion satisfaction, as well as their associated risks and protective factors, in healthcare professionals during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We reviewed 2858 records obtained from the CINAHL, [...] Read more.

This literature review aimed to determine the level of burnout, compassion fatigue, and compassion satisfaction, as well as their associated risks and protective factors, in healthcare professionals during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We reviewed 2858 records obtained from the CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science databases, and finally included 76 in this review. The main results we found showed an increase in the rate of burnout, dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and compassion fatigue; a reduction in personal accomplishment; and levels of compassion satisfaction similar to those before the pandemic. The main risk factors associated with burnout were anxiety, depression, and insomnia, along with some sociodemographic variables such as being a woman or a nurse or working directly with COVID-19 patients. Comparable results were found for compassion fatigue, but information regarding compassion satisfaction was lacking. The main protective factors were resilience and social support. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental and Behavioral Healthcare)

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