Research

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9 pages, 243 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Diabetes and Hyperglycemia on Horizontal Guided Bone Regeneration: A Clinical Prospective Analysis

by Paolo De Angelis, Edoardo Rella, Paolo Francesco Manicone, Giuseppe De Rosa, Sofia Gallottini, Margherita Giorgia Liguori, Piero Papi, Viviana Desantis, Pier Carmine Passarelli and Antonio D’Addona

Healthcare 2023, 11(12), 1801; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11121801 - 19 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 882

Abstract

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a reconstructive procedure for treating atrophic alveolar ridges. This study aims to assess the correlation between different glycemic control levels and clinical findings in patients undergoing horizontal GBR before implant placement. The study population consisted of all patients [...] Read more.

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a reconstructive procedure for treating atrophic alveolar ridges. This study aims to assess the correlation between different glycemic control levels and clinical findings in patients undergoing horizontal GBR before implant placement. The study population consisted of all patients requiring horizontal GBR. Patients were divided into three groups based on HbA1c levels: non-diabetic normoglycemic patients (HbA1c < 5.7%), non-diabetic hyperglycaemic patients (HbA1c < 6.5%), and patients with controlled diabetes (HbA1c < 7%). The primary outcomes were the horizontal (mm) and vertical (mm) dimensional changes of the alveolar ridge 6 months after the procedure. The study sample consisted of 54 patients. Sixty-eight implants (95.8%) were classified as “successful,” meaning the possibility of inserting a standard-sized implant following the GBR (diameter ≥ 4 mm). There was a statistically significant difference between the three groups in terms of horizontal gain at 6 months: in particular, there was a statistically significant difference between group 1 and group 2 (p = 0.026) and between group 1 and group 3 (p = 0.030). The present investigation showed that patients with HbA1c levels below 7% could undergo GBR and obtain a statistically significant horizontal bone gain. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Oral Health Strategies and Oral Health Status)

11 pages, 653 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Functional Disability and Symptomatic Slow-Acting Drugs for Osteoarthritis in Adults with Periodontitis

by Nik-Madihah Nik-Azis, Nurulhuda Mohd, Badiah Baharin, Fazalina Mohd Fadzilah, Nor Hazla Mohamed Haflah and Mohd Shahrir Mohamed Said

Healthcare 2023, 11(5), 770; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11050770 - 06 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1154

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) patients have decreased functional ability and restricted access to healthcare facilities and are on a spectrum of medications. These can impact their oral health. This study aims to investigate the association between periodontal disease and OA disease parameters, specifically the functional [...] Read more.

Osteoarthritis (OA) patients have decreased functional ability and restricted access to healthcare facilities and are on a spectrum of medications. These can impact their oral health. This study aims to investigate the association between periodontal disease and OA disease parameters, specifically the functional disability and the medications taken. This was a cross-sectional study on OA participants recruited from the Hospital Canselor Tuanku Mukhriz. Periodontal health parameters were obtained from an oral examination of the participants. A Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) was administered to ascertain the functional status of the participants. Out of the 130 participants recruited, 71 (54.6%) had periodontitis. There was a correlation between the teeth count with OA severity, where participants with a greater Kellgren–Lawrence score had less teeth (rs = 0.204, p = 0.025). Participants with a greater degree of functional limitation also had less teeth (rs = −0.181, p = 0.039) and a higher clinical attachment loss (rs = 0.239, p = 0.006). There were no associations found between the symptomatic slow-acting drugs in OA and periodontal health parameters. In conclusion, there was a high proportion of periodontitis in patients with OA. Functional disability was associated with measures of periodontal health. It is suggested that clinicians treating OA patients consider the need for a referral for dental care when managing this group of patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Oral Health Strategies and Oral Health Status)

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8 pages, 3694 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dental Prosthetic Rehabilitation Interventions in Elderly Patients Hospitalized in the Nursing Homes of the Lombardy Region: A Retrospective Study

by Saverio Ceraulo, Paolo Caccianiga, Carmelo Casto, Ignazio Ceraulo and Gianluigi Caccianiga

Healthcare 2022, 10(11), 2328; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112328 - 21 Nov 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1335

Abstract

Background: The difficulty of frail, non-self-sufficient or non-ambulatory collaborating elderly residents in nursing homes to eat due to a lack of teeth or the absence of a dental prosthesis leads to an increasingly evident increase in the patients’ systemic pathological state, particularly [...] Read more.

Background: The difficulty of frail, non-self-sufficient or non-ambulatory collaborating elderly residents in nursing homes to eat due to a lack of teeth or the absence of a dental prosthesis leads to an increasingly evident increase in the patients’ systemic pathological state, particularly in older patients who take a lot of medications. Total or partial edentulousness that is not filled with dental prostheses or that is filled with inadequate prostheses, associated with socioeconomic factors, depression, impaired motor functions, heart disease and a large number of chronic diseases including excessive use of drugs, often affects elderlies’ feeding. Aim: In this study, prosthetic rehabilitation was performed on some frail elderly residents in 10 nursing homes in the Lombardy district, and, subsequently, meal behavior and social activity were examined in two information questionnaires through compilation. Methods: The research was conducted on only 67 patients, 26 men and 41 women, aged between 75 and 99, who were guests in 10 health facilities (nursing homes) in the Lombard district; only 8 residents did not undergo prosthetic rehabilitation, as they did not cooperate. All the patients who were visited underwent oral prosthetic rehabilitation, and, subsequently, some aspects such as nutrition and socialization were assessed with other residents through the aid of two information dossiers. Results: the results showed that all the residents, despite difficulties in chewing with the new prosthesis, were fed and did not refuse more consistent foods; in addition, there was an improvement in social activity among the residents. Only 19.3% of men and 22% of women continued to eat little; there was an improvement in the participation in social activities among the residents, with a percentage of 73% of men and 88% of women; in particular, during meals 35 residents conversed with the other residents. Discussion: The dental problems of elderly people residing in social welfare homes are increasingly evident when other systemic pathologies are present. It would be desirable to introduce telemedicine in residences for the elderly for the monitoring of dental problems. Conclusions: From the information obtained and from the evaluation of the change in the elderly, it can be concluded that it would be desirable to include specific dental protocols to create a network, including a telematic one, to monitor and perform more dental checks in nursing homes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Oral Health Strategies and Oral Health Status)

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17 pages, 2694 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer Burden and Related Risk Factors in China: Estimates and Forecasts from 1990 to 2049

by Jingya Zhang, Yongbo Lu, Haoran Li, Ning Zhang, Rongxin He, Ruhao Zhang, Ying Mao and Bin Zhu

Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1611; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091611 - 24 Aug 2022

Viewed by 1794

Abstract

Lip and oral cavity cancer is a common malignancy faced by many developing countries, and the disease burden is high in China. This study explored this cancer burden and its risk factors using data from China in the GBD 2019, along with predicting [...] Read more.

Lip and oral cavity cancer is a common malignancy faced by many developing countries, and the disease burden is high in China. This study explored this cancer burden and its risk factors using data from China in the GBD 2019, along with predicting the incidence trends in 2020–2049. Data on age-standardized rates (ASR), incidence, death and disability-adjusted life years (DALY), by sex, age and risk factors were collected from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Joinpoint regression and Age–Period–Cohort (APC) models were selected to analyze the epidemic trend of this cancer in China, and descriptive analysis was used for the time trend and age distribution of risk factors. The Bayesian APC model was selected to foresee the incidence trend in 2020–2049. This cancer burden was found to be in an upward trend in China in 1990–2019. The upward trend was more pronounced among men than among women. These cancer deaths and DALYs are overwhelmingly attributable to smoking and drinking. On APC analysis, the younger generation in China demonstrated a lower cancer risk. In 2049, the incidence of this cancer is projected to be 3.99/100,000, 6.07/100,000, 7.37/100,000, 10.49/100,000, 14.82/100,000, 19.19/100,000, 20.71/100,000, 23.64/100,000, 16.42/100,000 and 9.91/100,000 among those aged 50–54, 55–59, 60–64, 65–69, 70–74, 75–79, 80–84, 85–89, 85–89 and over 95 years, respectively. Disease control policies and early screening should focus on men and the elderly and target different risk factors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Oral Health Strategies and Oral Health Status)

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11 pages, 831 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Oral Hygiene and Periodontal Treatment Needs in Adult Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

by Tomasz Hildebrandt, Elżbieta Świętochowska, Agata Trzcionka, Anna Zawilska, Henryk Mazurek, Dagmara Mączkowiak, Mansur Rahnama and Marta Tanasiewicz

Healthcare 2022, 10(5), 766; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10050766 - 20 Apr 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1461

Abstract

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal multisystem recessive genetic disease. Patients with Cystic Fibrosis, oral bacteria related to dental and periodontal diseases that can also inhabit the lungs, increases the risk for systemic complications. Our study aimed at assessing oral hygiene status of [...] Read more.

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal multisystem recessive genetic disease. Patients with Cystic Fibrosis, oral bacteria related to dental and periodontal diseases that can also inhabit the lungs, increases the risk for systemic complications. Our study aimed at assessing oral hygiene status of cystic fibrosis adult patients. The study was conducted on 40 patients diagnosed with CF and 40 healthy participants. The following indices were included: Simplified Oral Hygiene (OHI-S), Approximal Plaque Index (API), Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN), and a questionnaire. Obtained results proved that the API was 44.63% in the study group, indicating sufficient hygiene, and 37% in the control group, indicating quite good hygiene. Significantly higher OHI-S was found in the study group. It was found based on the analysis of treatment needs that home care and professional instructions on proper oral hygiene were more often needed in the control group compared to CF patients. In conclusion, the obtained API and OHI-S values in adult CF patients were indicative of satisfactory oral hygiene. Periodontal treatment needs assessed based on the CPITN index in patients with CF indicated the need for professional preventive treatments. An interdisciplinary dental care to support oral health could be recommendable in individuals with chronic respiratory diseases such as Cystic Fibrosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Oral Health Strategies and Oral Health Status)

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11 pages, 1265 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Oral Cavity Status of Type 1 Diabetic Patients Who Underwent an Oral Hygiene Tuition

by Bartosz Mosler, Henryk Twardawa, Agata Trzcionka, Rafał Korkosz, Mansur Rahnama and Marta Tanasiewicz

Healthcare 2022, 10(4), 606; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10040606 - 23 Mar 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1555

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a civilization disease which affects increasing number of people. Diabetes essentially influences gingival disease, periodontal disease, saliva secretion disorders and its parameters. The aim of the study is both assessing the oral cavity status of that group of patients to [...] Read more.

Diabetes mellitus is a civilization disease which affects increasing number of people. Diabetes essentially influences gingival disease, periodontal disease, saliva secretion disorders and its parameters. The aim of the study is both assessing the oral cavity status of that group of patients to clearly identify their treatment needs and the effectiveness of implementation of oral hygiene training. 57 patients with type 1 diabetes and 31 healthy declared their contribution to the research. The research was conducted within two visits. The evaluation was done during clinical examination: teeth condition, oral hygiene. During the end of the first visit patients received professional oral hygiene instructions. Analysis of the clinical research in both groups showed no differences for Decayed- Missing- Filled teeth index and Dental Treatment Index. The results demonstrated disparity between the groups for the decayed teeth component and filled teeth component (symptomatically higher values in the researched group). There was statistically significant difference in the modified Sulcus Bleeding Index values analysis between both groups. Conducting hygiene instructions influenced the decline of Approximal Plaque Index and Oral Hygiene Index in the treatment group. It is essential for dentists in cooperation with diabetologists to educate patients on the necessity to maintain oral hygiene procedures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Oral Health Strategies and Oral Health Status)

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9 pages, 229 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of an Optimized Diet as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy in Subjects with Periodontitis: A Prospective Study

by Paolo De Angelis, Giulio Gasparini, Paolo Francesco Manicone, Pier Carmine Passarelli, Domenico Azzolino, Edoardo Rella, Giuseppe De Rosa, Piero Papi, Giorgio Pompa, Silvio De Angelis, Roberta Grassi and Antonio D’Addona

Healthcare 2022, 10(3), 583; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10030583 - 21 Mar 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1994

Abstract

Diet and nutrition are generally categorized as modifiable lifestyle risk factors for the development of periodontal disease because diet may influence a person’s inflammatory status. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the application of a diet plan focused on reducing inflammation [...] Read more.

Diet and nutrition are generally categorized as modifiable lifestyle risk factors for the development of periodontal disease because diet may influence a person’s inflammatory status. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the application of a diet plan focused on reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in treating periodontitis. Subjects suffering from periodontitis were divided into two groups. Both groups underwent non-surgical periodontal therapy, and in the optimized diet (OD) group, this treatment was associated with a diet plan. The sample consisted of 60 subjects; 32 (53%) were treated in the non-optimized diet group (ND group) and 28 (47%) in the OD group. In both groups, the periodontal treatment significantly improved the recorded periodontal outcomes between T0 and T1 (FMPS, FMBS, CAL, PPD). Inter-group differences were not statistically significant (p < 0.05). The linear regression models showed that the optimized diet was associated with a higher reduction in PPD and FMBS after the treatment, while patients who had higher LDL levels (over 100 mg/mL) had a less favorable improvement of PPD. The application of an improved diet plan can increase the reduction in PPD and FMBS after non-surgical periodontal therapy when compared with periodontal treatment alone. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Oral Health Strategies and Oral Health Status)

9 pages, 781 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ecological Study on the Oral Health of Romanian Intellectually Challenged Athletes

by Arina Vinereanu, Aneta Munteanu, Alexandru Stănculescu, Alexandru Titus Farcașiu and Andreea Cristiana Didilescu

Healthcare 2022, 10(1), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10010140 - 12 Jan 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1621

Abstract

This study aimed to give an image of the oral health status and treatment needs of intellectually challenged athletes taking part in Special Olympics—Special Smiles (SO-SS) events organized in Romania during 2011–2019 and to find potential associations with socio-economic factors. An observational ecological [...] Read more.

This study aimed to give an image of the oral health status and treatment needs of intellectually challenged athletes taking part in Special Olympics—Special Smiles (SO-SS) events organized in Romania during 2011–2019 and to find potential associations with socio-economic factors. An observational ecological retrospective study was conducted, and 1860 oral examinations were performed on participants aged 8 to 30 years in nine SS-SO events. Oral examination was performed under field conditions. Percentage of caries-free subjects, mean DMF-T index and its components (D = decayed; M = missing; F = filled; T = teeth), restoration index RI = [F/(F + D) × 100]%, and Plaque Index were calculated for each of the nine groups. Caries-free subjects ranged between 5.90% and 21.70%. DMF-T ranged from 4.27 to 7.71. Higher values for “F” component (range 0.66–1.69) and RI (range 13.02–27.74%) were found in events held in cities from regions with higher reported Gross Domestic Product. Sealants were present in 0 to 8.4% of the subjects. In areas with lower numbers of inhabitants per dentist, more sealants were found (p < 0.001). Romanian SO athletes exhibited relatively poor oral health, limited access to dental treatment, and low level of prevention. Targeted prevention and treatment programs adjusted to specific conditions in each geo-economic region are needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Oral Health Strategies and Oral Health Status)

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18 pages, 10278 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Clinical Comparison of Diode Laser Assisted “v-Shape Frenectomy” and Conventional Surgical Method as Treatment of Ankyloglossia

by Sileno Tancredi, Paolo De Angelis, Mario Marra, Michele Antonio Lopez, Paolo Francesco Manicone, Pier Carmine Passarelli, Antonino Romeo, Roberta Grassi and Antonio D'Addona

Healthcare 2022, 10(1), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10010089 - 04 Jan 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3454

Abstract

(1) Background: Ankyloglossia, or tongue-tie is a condition, in which the tip of tongue cannot protrude beyond the lower incisor teeth because of short frenulum linguae, often containing scar tissue. Limitations of movement are the most important clinical symptoms of this condition, together [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Ankyloglossia, or tongue-tie is a condition, in which the tip of tongue cannot protrude beyond the lower incisor teeth because of short frenulum linguae, often containing scar tissue. Limitations of movement are the most important clinical symptoms of this condition, together with feeding, speech, and mechanical problems. (2) Methods: the present study included two groups of patients (group A and group B) including, respectively, 29 and 32 patients (61 patients total), aged from 8 to 12 and presenting ankyloglossia classified according to the Kotlow’s classification. The patients in group A underwent a common surgical procedure. For the patients of group B, a diode laser device (K2 mobile laser, Dentium, Korea) with a micro-pulsed wavelength of 980 ± 10 nm and power of 1.2 watts was used. The post-surgical discomfort of the patients (recording the pain perceived immediately after the end of the anesthesia and during the following week, using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) system) and healing characteristics (recorded using the Early Wound Healing Score or EHS) were evaluated. (3) Results: The results shows that the pain in the patients who underwent laser-assisted frenectomy is significantly reduced (p < 0.001) when compared to those who underwent conventional surgical frenectomy, both immediately after surgery (with a reduction in the average NRS of 80.6%) and after the first week (with a reduction in the average NRS of 86.58%). Additionally, in the same patients, an augmentation in the average value of the EHS of 45% was recorded, highlighting significantly (p < 0.001) better quality in the healing of the wound within the 24 h after surgery. Moreover, other advantages observed in the use of laser assisted-frenectomy are the absence of bleeding and, consequently, a clear operative field; no need to use sutures; no need to take painkillers or antibiotics after surgery; and having a faster recovery and less time needed to perform the operation. (4) Conclusions: within the limits of the present study, it seems possible to assert that the laser frenectomy performed using the v-shape technique presents a series of advantages if compared to the conventional surgical method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Oral Health Strategies and Oral Health Status)

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9 pages, 658 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Teledentistry—Knowledge, Practice, and Attitudes of Dental Practitioners in Saudi Arabia: A Nationwide Web-Based Survey

by Mohammad Zakaria Nassani, Sadeq Ali Al-Maweri, Abdullah AlSheddi, Ali Alomran, Mohammed Nasser Aldawsari, Ahmed Aljubarah, Ahmed Mohammed Almuhanna, Nawaf Meshal Almutairi, Anas B. Alsalhani and Mohammed Noushad

Healthcare 2021, 9(12), 1682; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9121682 - 04 Dec 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3083

Abstract

The present survey assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of teledentistry (TD) among dental practitioners in Saudi Arabia. This questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted with dental interns and practicing dentists in Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire was sent to all potential respondents. Questions [...] Read more.

The present survey assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of teledentistry (TD) among dental practitioners in Saudi Arabia. This questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted with dental interns and practicing dentists in Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire was sent to all potential respondents. Questions related to knowledge, practice, attitudes, and training regarding TD were presented. A total of 603 (227 dental interns, 376 practicing dentists) completed the questionnaire. Generally, the participants revealed poor knowledge and practice of TD, with only 38% having heard about TD and only one-quarter of the sample (23.2%) reporting practicing TD at their current workplace. However, most of the participants expressed positive attitudes and a willingness to practice TD in the future. Specialists and those in practice for >5 years showed significantly better knowledge and practice of TD than general dentists and those with lesser clinical experience (p < 0.01). While only one-fifth of the participants (20.2%) reported having attended a workshop/lecture about TD, the majority (69.7%) felt that they needed training on TD. The results revealed poor knowledge, practice, and training with regard to TD among practicing dentists in Saudi Arabia. However, the positive attitude expressed by most of the participants towards practicing TD in the future is an encouraging sign for dental educators and planners of oral health care. Continuous education through periodic workshops and training courses on TD is crucial to improve dentists’ knowledge, practice, and attitudes towards TD. Integration of TD topics into undergraduate/postgraduate curricula is highly recommended. Special attention should be directed to training general dental practitioners and junior dentists. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Oral Health Strategies and Oral Health Status)

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Review

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16 pages, 1815 KiB

Open AccessReview

Current Salivary Glands Biopsy Techniques: A Comprehensive Review

by Matteo Pellegrini, Federica Pulicari, Paolo Zampetti, Andrea Scribante and Francesco Spadari

Healthcare 2022, 10(8), 1537; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10081537 - 14 Aug 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1718

Abstract

Biopsy is a surgical procedure performed to collect a portion of tissue or organ for diagnostic studies. The aim of the present manuscript is to describe state-of-the-art major and minor salivary gland biopsy techniques and assess the indications and complications of other salivary [...] Read more.

Biopsy is a surgical procedure performed to collect a portion of tissue or organ for diagnostic studies. The aim of the present manuscript is to describe state-of-the-art major and minor salivary gland biopsy techniques and assess the indications and complications of other salivary gland biopsy techniques. A search was performed using the following MeSH terms: biopsy, fine-needle biopsies, image-guided biopsies, frozen sections, and salivary glands disease. A current overview of major and minor salivary glands biopsy techniques was provided. In the oncological field, a comparison was made between the most widely used biopsy method, ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNAB), and an alternative method, ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy (US-guided CNB), highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each. Finally, intra-operative frozen sections (IOFSs) were presented as an additional intraoperative diagnostic method. Minor salivary gland biopsy (MSGB) is the simplest diagnostic method used by clinicians in the diagnosis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In neoplastic lesions, US-FNAB represents the most performed method; however, due to its low diagnostic accuracy for non-neoplastic specimens, US-guided CNB has been introduced as an alternative method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Oral Health Strategies and Oral Health Status)

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