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Molecular Genetics of Important Traits in Cruciferous Vegetables
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Molecular Genetics of Important Traits in Cruciferous Vegetables

A special issue of Genes (ISSN 2073-4425). This special issue belongs to the section "Technologies and Resources for Genetics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 July 2024 | Viewed by 10290

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hui Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Interests: Brassica rapa; disease resistantce; genetic breeding; gene mapping; map based clone; gene function; molecular markers; marker assisted slection
Dr. Xiaonan Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Molecular Biology of Vegetable Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
Interests: Brassica rapa; secondary metabolites synthesis and regulation; Plasmodiophora brassicae-Brassica host interaction; clubroot disease resistance breeding; genetic mapping and gene cloning
Dr. Shujiang Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Interests: vegetables; vernalization; resistance; plant viruses; clubroot; gene/QTL mapping; omics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cruciferous vegetables include several species cultivated worldwide and play an important role in our daily diet. Commonly known cruciferous vegetables include Chinese cabbage, pak-choi, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, radish, kale, mustard, turnip, kohlrabi rutabaga, and so on, with extensive morphological and nutrient variation. Recent advances in genomic sequencing, molecular biological technologies, omics application, and gene editing have allowed the investigation of the genetic basis involved in various important traits such as leafy heading, leaf color, root/stem enlarging, florescence heading, metabolites biosynthesis, and so on.

In this Special Issue, we hope to focus on important agronomic traits, such as resistance, high quality, high yield, and good plant architecture in cruciferous vegetables. We cordially invite researchers to submit articles to this Special Issue with recent outstanding achievements in high-efficiency breeding technologies, germplasm innovation and evaluation, gene clone and functional analysis, molecular mechanism of important traits, and multi-omics analysis. Reviews will also be welcome with new insights and opinions.

Dr. Hui Zhang
Dr. Xiaonan Li
Dr. Shujiang Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Genes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cruciferous vegetables 
  • plant breeding 
  • molecular genetics 
  • germplasm innovation 
  • function of genes 
  • genetic mapping 
  • molecular marker 
  • marker-assisted selection 
  • genomic selection 
  • genetic engineering 
  • transcriptomics 
  • metabolomics 
  • transcription factors

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 2899 KiB  
Article
Identification of Clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) Resistance Loci in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) with Recessive Character
by Hui Zhang, Xitong Liu, Jinyan Zhou, Stephen E. Strelkov, Rudolph Fredua-Agyeman, Shifan Zhang, Fei Li, Guoliang Li, Jian Wu, Rifei Sun, Sheau-Fang Hwang and Shujiang Zhang
Genes 2024, 15(3), 274; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15030274 - 22 Feb 2024
Viewed by 872
Abstract
The soil-borne pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae is the causal agent of clubroot, a major disease in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). The host’s resistance genes often confer immunity to only specific pathotypes and may be rapidly overcome. Identification of novel clubroot [...] Read more.
The soil-borne pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae is the causal agent of clubroot, a major disease in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). The host’s resistance genes often confer immunity to only specific pathotypes and may be rapidly overcome. Identification of novel clubroot resistance (CR) from germplasm sources is necessary. In this study, Bap246 was tested by being crossed with different highly susceptible B. rapa materials and showed recessive resistance to clubroot. An F2 population derived from Bap246 × Bac1344 was used to locate the resistance Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) by Bulk Segregant Analysis Sequencing (BSA-Seq) and QTL mapping methods. Two QTL on chromosomes A01 (4.67–6.06 Mb) and A08 (10.42–11.43 Mb) were found and named Cr4Ba1.1 and Cr4Ba8.1, respectively. Fifteen and eleven SNP/InDel markers were used to narrow the target regions in the larger F2 population to 4.67–5.17 Mb (A01) and 10.70–10.84 Mb (A08), with 85 and 19 candidate genes, respectively. The phenotypic variation explained (PVE) of the two QTL were 30.97% and 8.65%, respectively. Combined with gene annotation, mutation site analysis, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis, one candidate gene in A08 was identified, namely Bra020861. And an insertion and deletion (InDel) marker (co-segregated) named Crr1-196 was developed based on the gene sequence. Bra013275, Bra013299, Bra013336, Bra013339, Bra013341, and Bra013357 in A01 were the candidate genes that may confer clubroot resistance in Chinese cabbage. The resistance resource and the developed marker will be helpful in Brassica breeding programs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Genetics of Important Traits in Cruciferous Vegetables)
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17 pages, 3942 KiB  
Article
Development of Ogura CMS Fertility-Restored Interspecific Hybrids for Use in Cytoplasm Replacement of Golden-Heart Materials in Brassica rapa
by Ze Li, Guoliang Li, Fei Li, Shifan Zhang, Xiaowu Wang, Jian Wu, Rifei Sun, Shujiang Zhang and Hui Zhang
Genes 2023, 14(8), 1613; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14081613 - 11 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1086
Abstract
Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is one of the important methods for hybrid seed production in cruciferous crops. The lack of a restorer of fertility gene (Rfo) in Brassica rapa L. restricts the development and utilization of its germplasm resources. In [...] Read more.
Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is one of the important methods for hybrid seed production in cruciferous crops. The lack of a restorer of fertility gene (Rfo) in Brassica rapa L. restricts the development and utilization of its germplasm resources. In this research, Brassica napus with the Rfo gene was used to restore the fertility of Ogura CMS B. rapa with the golden heart trait. Through the distant cross of two B. rapa and four B. napus, six interspecific hybrid combinations received F1 seeds. The six combinations were different in seed receiving. By morphological observation and molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS), in F1, individuals containing the Rfo gene all appeared fertile, while those without it remained male-sterile. The pollen viability of the fertile individuals was measured, and the fertile lines of the six interspecific hybrid combinations were different (40.68–80.49%). Three individuals (containing both Rfo and GOLDEN genes) with the highest pollen vitality (≥60%) were backcrossed with fertile cytoplasmic B. rapa, resulting in a total of 800 plants. Based on the MAS, a total of 144 plants with GOLDEN but no Rfo were screened (18%). Moreover, through morphological investigation, one individual with normal cytoplasm, stable fertility but without the restoring gene Rfo, the GOLDEN gene, and morphological characteristics similar to those of B. rapa was obtained. These results increased the diversity of B. rapa germplasm and provided a new method for the utilization of CMS germplasm in Brassica crops. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Genetics of Important Traits in Cruciferous Vegetables)
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18 pages, 2837 KiB  
Article
Transcriptomic Profiling of Shoot Apical Meristem Aberrations in the Multi-Main-Stem Mutant (ms) of Brassica napus L.
by Qian Wang, Na Xue, Chao Sun, Jing Tao, Chao Mi, Yi Yuan, Xiangwei Pan, Min Gui, Ronghua Long, Renzhan Ding, Shikai Li and Liangbin Lin
Genes 2023, 14(7), 1396; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14071396 - 03 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1372
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a globally important oilseed crop with various uses, including the consumption of its succulent stems as a seasonal vegetable, but its uniaxial branching habit limits the stem yield. Therefore, developing a multi-stem rapeseed variety has become increasingly [...] Read more.
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a globally important oilseed crop with various uses, including the consumption of its succulent stems as a seasonal vegetable, but its uniaxial branching habit limits the stem yield. Therefore, developing a multi-stem rapeseed variety has become increasingly crucial. In this study, a natural mutant of the wild type (ZY511, Zhongyou511) with stable inheritance of the multi-stem trait (ms) was obtained, and it showed abnormal shoot apical meristem (SAM) development and an increased main stem number compared to the WT. Histological and scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed multiple SAMs in the ms mutant, whereas only a single SAM was found in the WT. Transcriptome analyses showed significant alterations in the expression of genes involved in cytokinin (CK) biosynthesis and metabolism pathways in the ms mutant. These findings provide insight into the mechanism of multi-main-stem formation in Brassica napus L. and lay a theoretical foundation for breeding multi-main-stem rapeseed vegetable varieties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Genetics of Important Traits in Cruciferous Vegetables)
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13 pages, 1896 KiB  
Article
Marker-Assisted Pyramiding of CRa and CRd Genes to Improve the Clubroot Resistance of Brassica rapa
by Xiaonan Li, Yingxia Wei, Yingmei Ma, Guizhu Cao, Siwen Ma, Tianyu Zhang, Zongxiang Zhan and Zhongyun Piao
Genes 2022, 13(12), 2414; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13122414 - 19 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1663
Abstract
Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is an economically important soil-borne disease that threatens Brassicaceae crops worldwide. In recent years, the incidence area of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) clubroot disease has increased, which severely affects the yield and quality [...] Read more.
Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is an economically important soil-borne disease that threatens Brassicaceae crops worldwide. In recent years, the incidence area of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) clubroot disease has increased, which severely affects the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage. The resistance of varieties harboring the single clubroot-resistance (CR) gene is easily broken through by P. brassicae pathotypes. CRa and CRd, genetically identified in B. rapa, are CR genes known to be highly resistant to different P. brassicaea pathotypes. In our study, we perform the gene pyramiding of CRa and CRd in Chinese cabbages through marker-assisted selection (MAS), and develop homozygous pyramided lines. The newly generated pyramided lines exhibit greater resistance to six different pathotypes than that of two parental lines carrying a single CR gene. This study provides new CR-gene-pyramided lines for the development of clubroot-resistant Brassica varieties for future breeding programs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Genetics of Important Traits in Cruciferous Vegetables)
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16 pages, 4740 KiB  
Article
Transcriptome Analysis of Chinese Cabbage Provides Insights into the Basis of Understanding the Lignin Affected by Low Temperature
by Yun Dai, Shaoxing Wang, Wenyue Huang, Ze Li, Shifan Zhang, Hui Zhang, Guoliang Li, Zhiyuan Fang, Rifei Sun, Fei Li and Shujiang Zhang
Genes 2022, 13(11), 2084; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13112084 - 10 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1417
Abstract
Chinese cabbage, which is a cold season crop, can still be damaged at an overly low temperature. It is crucial to study the mechanism of the resistance to low temperature of Chinese cabbage. In this study, the Chinese cabbage ‘XBJ’ was used as [...] Read more.
Chinese cabbage, which is a cold season crop, can still be damaged at an overly low temperature. It is crucial to study the mechanism of the resistance to low temperature of Chinese cabbage. In this study, the Chinese cabbage ‘XBJ’ was used as the material, and nine different low temperatures and control samples were treated. Using RNA-seq and lignin content determination, we analyzed 27 samples, and the stained sections of them were observed. A total of 8845 genes were screened for the WGCNA analysis, yielding 17 modules. The GO and KEGG analyses of the modules was highly associated with a low-temperature treatment. The pathways such as ‘starch and sucrose metabolism’ and ‘plant hormone signal transduction’ were enriched in modules related to low temperature. Interestingly, L-15DAT-associated MEcoral2 was found to have 14 genes related to the ‘lignin biosynthetic process’ in the GO annotation. The combination of the determination of the lignin content and the treatment of the stained sections showed that the lignin content of the low-temperatures samples were indeed higher than that of the control. We further explored the expression changes of the lignin synthesis pathway and various genes and found that low temperature affects the expression changes of most genes in the lignin synthesis pathway, leading to the speculation that the lignin changes at low temperature are a defense mechanism against low temperatures. The 29 BrCOMT gene sequence derived from the RNA-seq was non-conserved, and eight BrCOMT genes were differentially expressed. This study provides a new insight into how lignin is affected by low temperature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Genetics of Important Traits in Cruciferous Vegetables)
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13 pages, 7694 KiB  
Article
Germplasm Enhancement and Identification of Loci Conferring Resistance against Plasmodiophora brassicae in Broccoli
by Qi Xie, Xiaochun Wei, Yumei Liu, Fengqing Han and Zhansheng Li
Genes 2022, 13(9), 1600; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13091600 - 07 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1515
Abstract
In order to breed broccoli and other Brassica materials to be highly resistant to clubroot disease, 41 Brassicaceae varieties were developed and identified between 2020 and 2021. Seven known clubroot genes were used for screening these materials. In addition, the resistant and susceptible [...] Read more.
In order to breed broccoli and other Brassica materials to be highly resistant to clubroot disease, 41 Brassicaceae varieties were developed and identified between 2020 and 2021. Seven known clubroot genes were used for screening these materials. In addition, the resistant and susceptible broccoli cultivars were designed for observing their differences in the infection process with Plasmodiophora brassicae. The results showed that 90% of total materials had carried more than two clubroot resistance genes: one material carried two disease resistance genes, four materials carried seven genes for clubroot resistance, two materials carried six genes for clubroot resistance, and in total 32% of these materials carried five genes for clubroot resistance. As a result, several new genotypes of Brassicaceae germplasm were firstly created and obtained based on distant hybridization and identification of loci conferring resistance against Plasmodiophora brassicae in this study. We found and revealed that similar infection models of Plasmodiophora brassicae occurred in susceptible and resistant cultivars of broccoli, but differences in infection efficiency of Plasmodiophora brassicae also existed in both materials. For resistant broccoli plants, a small number of conidia formed in the root hair, and only a few spores could enter the cortex without forming sporangia while sporangia could form in susceptible plants. Our study could provide critical Brassica materials for breeding resistant varieties and new insight into understanding the mechanism of plant resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Genetics of Important Traits in Cruciferous Vegetables)
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11 pages, 1414 KiB  
Article
Resource Screening and Inheritance Analysis of Fusarium oxysporum sp. conglutinans Race 2 Resistance in Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)
by Long Tong, Cunbao Zhao, Jinhui Liu, Limei Yang, Mu Zhuang, Yangyong Zhang, Yong Wang, Jialei Ji, Bifeng Kuang, Kelan Tang, Zhiyuan Fang, Ryo Fujimoto and Honghao Lv
Genes 2022, 13(9), 1590; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13091590 - 04 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1638
Abstract
Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) Fusarium wilt (CFW) is a disease that poses a critical threat to global cabbage production. Screening for resistant resources in order to support the breeding of resistant cultivars is the most reliable approach to control this [...] Read more.
Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) Fusarium wilt (CFW) is a disease that poses a critical threat to global cabbage production. Screening for resistant resources in order to support the breeding of resistant cultivars is the most reliable approach to control this disease. CFW is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans (Foc), which consists of two physiological races (race 1 and 2). While many studies have focused on resistance screening, gene mining, and inheritance-based research associated with resistance to Foc race 1, there have been few studies specifically analyzing resistance to Foc race 2, which is a potential threat that can overcome type A resistance. Here, 166 cabbage resources collected from around the world were evaluated for the resistance to both Foc races, with 46.99% and 38.55% of these cabbage lines being resistant to Foc race 1 and race 2, respectively, whereas 33.74% and 48.80% were susceptible to these two respective races. Of these 166 analyzed cabbage lines, 114 (68.67%) were found to be more susceptible to race 2 than to race 1, and 28 of them were resistant to race 1 while susceptible to race 2, underscoring the highly aggressive nature of Foc race 2. To analyze the inheritance of Foc race 2 resistance, segregated populations derived from the resistant parental line ‘Badger Inbred 16’ and the susceptible one ‘01-20’ were analyzed with a major gene plus polygene mixed genetic model. The results of this analysis revealed Foc race 2-specific resistance to be under the control of two pairs of additive-dominant-epistatic major genes plus multiple additive-dominant-epistatic genes (model E). The heritability of these major genes in the BC1P1, BC1P2, and F2 generations were 32.14%, 72.80%, and 70.64%, respectively. In summary, these results may aid in future gene mining and breeding of novel CFW-resistant cabbage cultivars. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Genetics of Important Traits in Cruciferous Vegetables)
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