Adaptive Evolution of Insects

A special issue of Genes (ISSN 2073-4425). This special issue belongs to the section "Population and Evolutionary Genetics and Genomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 November 2022) | Viewed by 3418

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
Interests: silkworm; domestication; duplicate gene; molecular evolution; transposable element; population genomics
Laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
Interests: domestication; developmental plastic; metamorphosis; transcriptional regulation; functional genomics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

One of fundamental purposes of modern biological research is to uncover the genetic and molecular basis of adaptation and evolutionary change in organisms. Insects are the largest group of animals on earth; they have adapted and diversified under various natural conditions, both within and among lineages. Insect populations are therefore good models for investigating the environmental adaptation of organisms. Moreover, the inhabiting environments of the insects are also influenced by the increasing human activity, which is considered as a set of major selective forces rapidly leading to a change in genetic variation and population structure. In addition, the dramatically declining cost of DNA sequencing and recent advances in functional genomic techniques have been beneficial to explore the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying adaption.

This Special Issue aims to collect high-quality research articles and review articles. We are particularly interested in those that are mainly focused on (but not limited to) how populations or species adapt to various environmental conditions and human-mediated changes (such as domestication). Both genomic dry research and experimental wet research are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Ze Zhang
Dr. Wei Sun
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • adaptive evolution
  • genomics
  • insect
  • population genetics
  • adaptive plasticity

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2546 KiB  
Article
Identification and Functional Characterization of CYP4D2 Putatively Associated with β-Cypermethrin Detoxification in Phortica okadai
by Lingjun Wang, Hongri Tang, Zhimei Xie, Di Li, Changzhu Yin, Bo Luo, Rong Yan, Wei Sun and Hui Liu
Genes 2022, 13(12), 2338; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13122338 - 11 Dec 2022
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Abstract
Phortica okadai, a polyphagous pest, serves as a vector for Thelazia callipaeda in China. Currently, there are no effective control strategies for this vector. Agricultural pest control may cause P. okadai to become a threat due to the development of pesticide resistance. [...] Read more.
Phortica okadai, a polyphagous pest, serves as a vector for Thelazia callipaeda in China. Currently, there are no effective control strategies for this vector. Agricultural pest control may cause P. okadai to become a threat due to the development of pesticide resistance. Cytochrome P450s (CYP450) plays a significant role in detoxifying xenobiotics in insects. In this study, we performed RNA sequencing of P. okadai exposed to β-cypermethrin for 0 and 1 h and then gene cloning of the five up-regulated CYP450 genes. Three CYP450 genes were successfully cloned, and their expression patterns in different developmental stages and in different tissues were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Pocyp4d2 was observed to have the highest expression in the midgut (fold change 2.82 for Pocyp4d2, 2.62 for Pocyp49a1, and 1.77 for Pocyp28d2). Functional analysis was carried out according to overexpression in S2 cells from the pfastbac1 vector and RNAi with siRNA. The results of the CCK8 assay indicated that the overexpression of the recombinant protein PoCYP4D2 suppressed the decrease in S2 cell viability due to β-cypermethrin. The expression levels of PoCYP4D2 decreased significantly, and the mortality rates increased from 6.25% to 15.0% at 3 h and from 15.0% to 27.5% at 6 h after Pocyp4d2-siRNA injection. These results suggest that Pocyp4d2 may be an essential key gene in the metabolism of β-cypermethrin in P. okadai. This study constitutes a foundation to explore further the functions of P. okadai CYP450 genes in insecticide metabolism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adaptive Evolution of Insects)
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18 pages, 14513 KiB  
Article
Gene Conversion Explains Elevated Diversity in the Immunity Modulating APL1 Gene of the Malaria Vector Anopheles funestus
by Jack Hearn, Jacob M. Riveron, Helen Irving, Gareth D. Weedall and Charles S. Wondji
Genes 2022, 13(6), 1102; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13061102 - 20 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1802
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat proteins and antimicrobial peptides are the key components of the innate immune response to Plasmodium and other microbial pathogens in Anopheles mosquitoes. The APL1 gene of the malaria vector Anopheles funestus has exceptional levels of non-synonymous polymorphism across the range of [...] Read more.
Leucine-rich repeat proteins and antimicrobial peptides are the key components of the innate immune response to Plasmodium and other microbial pathogens in Anopheles mosquitoes. The APL1 gene of the malaria vector Anopheles funestus has exceptional levels of non-synonymous polymorphism across the range of An. funestus, with an average πn of 0.027 versus a genome-wide average of 0.002, and πn is consistently high in populations across Africa. Elevated APL1 diversity was consistent between the independent pooled-template and target-enrichment datasets, however no link between APL1 diversity and insecticide resistance was observed. Although lacking the diversity of APL1, two further mosquito innate-immunity genes of the gambicin anti-microbial peptide family had πns ratios greater than one, possibly driven by either positive or balancing selection. The cecropin antimicrobial peptides were expressed much more highly than other anti-microbial peptide genes, a result discordant with current models of anti-microbial peptide activity. The observed APL1 diversity likely results from gene conversion between paralogues, as evidenced by shared polymorphisms, overlapping read mappings, and recombination events among paralogues. In conclusion, we hypothesize that higher gene expression of APL1 than its paralogues is correlated with a more open chromatin formation, which enhances gene conversion and elevated diversity at this locus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adaptive Evolution of Insects)
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