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Omics Studies of Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Complications
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Omics Studies of Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Complications

A special issue of Genes (ISSN 2073-4425). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Genomics and Genetic Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2024) | Viewed by 6742

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Fariba Ahmadizar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Data Science & Biostatistics, Julius Global Health, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Interests: type 2 diabetes; molecular pharmacoepidemiology; biomarker discovery; multi-Omics; prediction studies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Currently, 537 million adults are living with diabetes worldwide, and the number is predicted to rise to 783 million by 2045, with the majority being type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). T2D is multifactorial and arises from the interplay between genetic and environmental/lifestyle risk factors, progressing to vascular complications. Vascular complications include macro- (cardiovascular diseases) and microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) complications. Evidence shows a clear genetic component to both T2D onset and its complications. Patients’ clinical risk profiles and poor glycaemic control alone cannot predict the development of vascular damage. Evaluating differentially expressed genes associated with T2D and its complications is the key to understanding the contributed genes, as well as signaling pathways in CVD development in T2D patients.

We focus on genetic discoveries for T2D etiology and its vascular complications in this Special Issue. We are interested in gene expression profiling of T2D and its macro- and microvascular complications to identify related biological processes, modulated signaling pathways, and the genomic architectures shared by T2D and vascular complications. Biomarker discovery for the screening and prognosis of T2D and its complications can facilitate individualized health management.

Dr. Fariba Ahmadizar
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Genes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • genetics
  • type 2 diabetes
  • macrovascular diseases
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • microvascular diseases
  • retinopathy
  • nephropathy
  • neuropathy

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 670 KiB  
Article
Complementary Gene Therapy after Revascularization with the Saphenous Vein in Diabetic Foot Syndrome
by Diana Kupczyńska, Paweł Lubieniecki, Maciej Antkiewicz, Jan Barć, Katarzyna Frączkowska-Sioma, Tomasz Dawiskiba, Tadeusz Dorobisz, Małgorzata Małodobra-Mazur, Dagmara Baczyńska, Konrad Pańczak, Wojciech Witkiewicz, Dariusz Janczak, Jan Paweł Skóra and Piotr Barć
Genes 2023, 14(10), 1968; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14101968 - 20 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1280
Abstract
Diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) is one of the most serious macroangiopathic complications of diabetes. The primary treatment option is revascularization, but complementary therapies are still being sought. The study group consisted of 18 patients diagnosed with ischemic ulcerative and necrotic lesions in DFS. [...] Read more.
Diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) is one of the most serious macroangiopathic complications of diabetes. The primary treatment option is revascularization, but complementary therapies are still being sought. The study group consisted of 18 patients diagnosed with ischemic ulcerative and necrotic lesions in DFS. Patients underwent revascularization procedures and, due to unsatisfactory healing of the lesions, were randomly allocated to two groups: a group in which bicistronic VEGF165/HGF plasmid was administered and a control group in which saline placebo was administered. Before gene therapy administration and after 7, 30, 90, and 180 days, color duplex ultrasonography (CDU) was performed, the ankle-brachial index (ABI) and transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) were measured, and DFS changes were described and documented photographically. In the gene therapy group, four out of eight patients (50%) healed their DFS lesions before 12 weeks. During this time, the ABI increased by an average of 0.25 and TcPO2 by 30.4 mmHg. In the control group, healing of the lesions by week 12 occurred in six out of nine patients (66.67%), and the ABI increased by an average of 0.14 and TcPO2 by 27.1 mmHg. One major amputation occurred in each group. Gene therapy may be an attractive option for complementary treatment in DFS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Omics Studies of Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Complications)
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11 pages, 278 KiB  
Article
The rs3825807 Polymorphism of ADAMTS7 as a Potential Genetic Marker for Myocardial Infarction in Slovenian Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
by David Petrovič, Petra Nussdorfer and Danijel Petrovič
Genes 2023, 14(2), 508; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14020508 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1260
Abstract
Background: A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motif 7 (ADAMTS-7) was reported to play a role in the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells and neointimal formation. The object of the study was to investigate the association between the rs3825807 polymorphism of ADAMTS7 [...] Read more.
Background: A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motif 7 (ADAMTS-7) was reported to play a role in the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells and neointimal formation. The object of the study was to investigate the association between the rs3825807 polymorphism of ADAMTS7 and myocardial infarction among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Slovenian cohort. Methods: 1590 Slovenian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in this retrospective cross-sectional case–control study. In total, 463 had a history of recent myocardial infarction, and 1127 of the subjects in the control group had no clinical signs of coronary artery disease. Genetic analysis of an rs3825807 polymorphism of ADAMTS7 was performed with logistic regression. Results: Patients with the AA genotype had a higher prevalence of myocardial infarction than those in the control group in recessive [odds ratio (OR) 1.647; confidence interval (CI) 1.120–2.407; p = 0.011] and co-dominant (OR 2.153; CI 1.215–3.968; p = 0.011) genetic models. Conclusion: We found a statistically significant association between rs3825807 and myocardial infarction in a cohort of Slovenian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We report that the AA genotype might be a genetic risk factor for myocardial infarction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Omics Studies of Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Complications)

Review

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11 pages, 276 KiB  
Review
Exploring Metabolomic Patterns in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Response to Glucose-Lowering Medications—Review
by Mina Shahisavandi, Kan Wang, Mohsen Ghanbari and Fariba Ahmadizar
Genes 2023, 14(7), 1464; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14071464 - 18 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1914
Abstract
The spectrum of information related to precision medicine in diabetes generally includes clinical data, genetics, and omics-based biomarkers that can guide personalized decisions on diabetes care. Given the remarkable progress in patient risk characterization, there is particular interest in using molecular biomarkers to [...] Read more.
The spectrum of information related to precision medicine in diabetes generally includes clinical data, genetics, and omics-based biomarkers that can guide personalized decisions on diabetes care. Given the remarkable progress in patient risk characterization, there is particular interest in using molecular biomarkers to guide diabetes management. Metabolomics is an emerging molecular approach that helps better understand the etiology and promises the identification of novel biomarkers for complex diseases. Both targeted or untargeted metabolites extracted from cells, biofluids, or tissues can be investigated by established high-throughput platforms, like nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. Metabolomics is proposed as a valuable tool in precision diabetes medicine to discover biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and management of the progress of diabetes through personalized phenotyping and individualized drug-response monitoring. This review offers an overview of metabolomics knowledge as potential biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) diagnosis and the response to glucose-lowering medications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Omics Studies of Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Complications)

Other

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18 pages, 1101 KiB  
Systematic Review
Bi-Directional Interactions between Glucose-Lowering Medications and Gut Microbiome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
by Ruolin Li, Fereshteh Shokri, Alejandro Lopez Rincon, Fernando Rivadeneira, Carolina Medina-Gomez and Fariba Ahmadizar
Genes 2023, 14(8), 1572; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14081572 - 01 Aug 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1843
Abstract
Background: Although common drugs for treating type 2 diabetes (T2D) are widely used, their therapeutic effects vary greatly. The interaction between the gut microbiome and glucose-lowering drugs is one of the main contributors to the variability in T2D progression and response to [...] Read more.
Background: Although common drugs for treating type 2 diabetes (T2D) are widely used, their therapeutic effects vary greatly. The interaction between the gut microbiome and glucose-lowering drugs is one of the main contributors to the variability in T2D progression and response to therapy. On the one hand, glucose-lowering drugs can alter gut microbiome components. On the other hand, specific gut microbiota can influence glycemic control as the therapeutic effects of these drugs. Therefore, this systematic review assesses the bi-directional relationships between common glucose-lowering drugs and gut microbiome profiles. Methods: A systematic search of Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases was performed. Observational studies and randomised controlled trials (RCTs), published from inception to July 2023, comprising T2D patients and investigating bi-directional interactions between glucose-lowering drugs and gut microbiome, were included. Results: Summarised findings indicated that glucose-lowering drugs could increase metabolic-healthy promoting taxa (e.g., Bifidobacterium) and decrease harmful taxa (e.g., Bacteroides and Intestinibacter). Our findings also showed a significantly different abundance of gut microbiome taxa (e.g., Enterococcus faecium (i.e., E. faecium)) in T2D patients with poor compared to optimal glycemic control. Conclusions: This review provides evidence for glucose-lowering drug and gut microbiome interactions, highlighting the potential of gut microbiome modulators as co-adjuvants for T2D treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Omics Studies of Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Complications)
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