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Entropy
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Nonequilibrium Quantum Field Processes and Phenomena
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Nonequilibrium Quantum Field Processes and Phenomena

A special issue of Entropy (ISSN 1099-4300). This special issue belongs to the section "Non-equilibrium Phenomena".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 17 September 2024 | Viewed by 5886

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Esteban Calzetta

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de F ́ısica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
Interests: nonequilibrium quantum field theory; relativistic and quantum hydrodynamics; relativistic and quantum kinetic theory; nonequilibrium phenomena in cosmology; quantum thermodynamics, including quantum work relations and quantum engines
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Bei Lok Hu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
Interests: general relativity and quantum field theory; early universe cosmology; nonequilibrium statistical physics; open quantum systems; quantum information

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nature is fundamentally quantum, and all dynamical processes in Nature are intrinsically nonequilibrium, notwithstanding the equilibrium condition being an important approximation. The advent of nonequilibrium quantum field theory in the 80s benefited from the establishment of formal theories of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics in the 50s, and advances in quantum field theory techniques in the 60s and 70s. Since then, this new field has encompassed an expanding horizon of frontier research topics, from cold atom, condensed matter, nuclear-particle physics to gravitation and cosmology. Enriched by rapid developments in the theory of open quantum systems and ground-breaking nonequilibrium fluctuation theorems, it has been fruitfully applied to a broadening range of issues in quantum foundation, quantum information, holography and quantum gravity. This Special Issue welcomes authors to this exciting field, with either review or research papers.      

Prof. Dr. Esteban Calzetta
Prof. Dr. Bei Lok Hu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Entropy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nonequilibrium quantum field theory
  • open quantum systems
  • quantum thermodynamics
  • quantum information
  • atom/nuclear/particle many-body dynamics
  • cosmology
  • nonequilibrium fluctuation theorems
  • fluctuation-induced phenomena
  • dynamical Casimir effect
  • quantum friction

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 874 KiB  
Article
Effect of Longitudinal Fluctuations of 3D Weizsäcker–Williams Field on Pressure Isotropization of Glasma
by Hidefumi Matsuda and Xu-Guang Huang
Entropy 2024, 26(2), 167; https://doi.org/10.3390/e26020167 - 15 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 640
Abstract
We investigate the effects of boost invariance breaking on the isotropization of pressure in the glasma, using a 3+1D glasma simulation. The breaking is attributed to spatial fluctuations in the classical color charge density along the collision axis. We present numerical results for [...] Read more.
We investigate the effects of boost invariance breaking on the isotropization of pressure in the glasma, using a 3+1D glasma simulation. The breaking is attributed to spatial fluctuations in the classical color charge density along the collision axis. We present numerical results for pressure and energy density at mid-rapidity and across a wider rapidity region. It is found that, despite varying longitudinal correlation lengths, the behaviors of the pressure isotropizations are qualitatively similar. The numerical results suggest that, in the initial stage, longitudinal color electromagnetic fields develop, similar to those in the boost invariant glasma. Subsequently, these fields evolve into a dilute glasma, expanding longitudinally in a manner akin to a dilute gas. We also show that the energy density at mid-rapidity exhibits a 1/τ decay in the dilute glasma stage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nonequilibrium Quantum Field Processes and Phenomena)
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17 pages, 728 KiB  
Article
Fast Adiabatic Control of an Optomechanical Cavity
by Nicolás F. Del Grosso, Fernando C. Lombardo, Francisco D. Mazzitelli and Paula I. Villar
Entropy 2023, 25(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/e25010018 - 22 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1403
Abstract
The development of quantum technologies present important challenges such as the need for fast and precise protocols for implementing quantum operations. Shortcuts to adiabaticity (STAs) are a powerful tool for achieving these goals, as they enable us to perform an exactly adiabatic evolution [...] Read more.
The development of quantum technologies present important challenges such as the need for fast and precise protocols for implementing quantum operations. Shortcuts to adiabaticity (STAs) are a powerful tool for achieving these goals, as they enable us to perform an exactly adiabatic evolution in finite time. In this paper, we present a shortcut to adiabaticity for the control of an optomechanical cavity with two moving mirrors. Given reference trajectories for the mirrors, we find analytical expressions that give us effective trajectories which implement an STA for the quantum field inside the cavity. We then solve these equations numerically for different reference protocols, such as expansions, contractions and rigid motions, thus confirming the successful implementation of the STA and finding some general features of these effective trajectories. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nonequilibrium Quantum Field Processes and Phenomena)
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35 pages, 1043 KiB  
Article
Quantum Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations, Generalized Current Fluctuations and Nonequilibrium Fluctuation–Dissipation Inequalities
by Daniel Reiche, Jen-Tsung Hsiang and Bei-Lok Hu
Entropy 2022, 24(8), 1016; https://doi.org/10.3390/e24081016 - 23 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1805
Abstract
Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) represent one of the few broad-based and fundamental relations in our toolbox for tackling the thermodynamics of nonequilibrium systems. One form of TUR quantifies the minimal energetic cost of achieving a certain precision in determining a nonequilibrium current. In [...] Read more.
Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) represent one of the few broad-based and fundamental relations in our toolbox for tackling the thermodynamics of nonequilibrium systems. One form of TUR quantifies the minimal energetic cost of achieving a certain precision in determining a nonequilibrium current. In this initial stage of our research program, our goal is to provide the quantum theoretical basis of TURs using microphysics models of linear open quantum systems where it is possible to obtain exact solutions. In paper [Dong et al., Entropy 2022, 24, 870], we show how TURs are rooted in the quantum uncertainty principles and the fluctuation–dissipation inequalities (FDI) under fully nonequilibrium conditions. In this paper, we shift our attention from the quantum basis to the thermal manifests. Using a microscopic model for the bath’s spectral density in quantum Brownian motion studies, we formulate a “thermal” FDI in the quantum nonequilibrium dynamics which is valid at high temperatures. This brings the quantum TURs we derive here to the classical domain and can thus be compared with some popular forms of TURs. In the thermal-energy-dominated regimes, our FDIs provide better estimates on the uncertainty of thermodynamic quantities. Our treatment includes full back-action from the environment onto the system. As a concrete example of the generalized current, we examine the energy flux or power entering the Brownian particle and find an exact expression of the corresponding current–current correlations. In so doing, we show that the statistical properties of the bath and the causality of the system+bath interaction both enter into the TURs obeyed by the thermodynamic quantities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nonequilibrium Quantum Field Processes and Phenomena)
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25 pages, 2219 KiB  
Article
Quantum Thermodynamic Uncertainties in Nonequilibrium Systems from Robertson-Schrödinger Relations
by Hang Dong, Daniel Reiche, Jen-Tsung Hsiang and Bei-Lok Hu
Entropy 2022, 24(7), 870; https://doi.org/10.3390/e24070870 - 24 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1396
Abstract
Thermodynamic uncertainty principles make up one of the few rare anchors in the largely uncharted waters of nonequilibrium systems, the fluctuation theorems being the more familiar. In this work we aim to trace the uncertainties of thermodynamic quantities in nonequilibrium systems to their [...] Read more.
Thermodynamic uncertainty principles make up one of the few rare anchors in the largely uncharted waters of nonequilibrium systems, the fluctuation theorems being the more familiar. In this work we aim to trace the uncertainties of thermodynamic quantities in nonequilibrium systems to their quantum origins, namely, to the quantum uncertainty principles. Our results enable us to make this categorical statement: For Gaussian systems, thermodynamic functions are functionals of the Robertson-Schrödinger uncertainty function, which is always non-negative for quantum systems, but not necessarily so for classical systems. Here, quantum refers to noncommutativity of the canonical operator pairs. From the nonequilibrium free energy, we succeeded in deriving several inequalities between certain thermodynamic quantities. They assume the same forms as those in conventional thermodynamics, but these are nonequilibrium in nature and they hold for all times and at strong coupling. In addition we show that a fluctuation-dissipation inequality exists at all times in the nonequilibrium dynamics of the system. For nonequilibrium systems which relax to an equilibrium state at late times, this fluctuation-dissipation inequality leads to the Robertson-Schrödinger uncertainty principle with the help of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. This work provides the microscopic quantum basis to certain important thermodynamic properties of macroscopic nonequilibrium systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nonequilibrium Quantum Field Processes and Phenomena)
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