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Advanced Electromagnetic Analysis and Modeling of Conventional and Special Electrical Machines II

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (27 November 2023) | Viewed by 10584

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mauro Andriollo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
Interests: design of electrical machines; finite element analysis; electromagnetic design optimization; linear electric machines and actuators; magnetic levitation; modelization of electrical machines and drives
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Andrea Tortella

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
Interests: induction machine; motor; magnetic converter

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are glad to share the great success of our Special Issue “Advanced Electromagnetic Analysis and Modeling of Conventional and Special Electrical Machines”.

We now seek to launch the second volume of this Special Issue “Advanced Electromagnetic Analysis and Modeling of Conventional and Special Electrical Machines II".

Almost two centuries have passed (1821) since Faraday conceived the first device deploying electrical power to obtain a rotary motion. However astounding the progress since then, the evolution of electrical machines looks far from coming to an end. On the contrary, their growingly pervasive spread for countless applications in an increasingly competitive global market results in more and more challenging design goals to be achieved with very tight time constraints: Higher power/torque density requirements, tighter efficiency standards, improved dynamics, new materials and configurations, wider speed range, and multiphysics analysis are some of the issues designers may have to cope with. In the meantime, though, design techniques have been experiencing a dramatic evolution as well, supported by more and more advanced and powerful HW/SW computing resources.

The present Special Issue aims to be an opportunity for researchers to contribute to this exciting development sharing cutting-edge experiences and knowledge, as well as any related technological achievements, on the electromagnetic analysis, design, and modeling of conventional and special electrical machines. You are thus warmly invited to submit original contributions on topics including, but not limited to:

  • Innovations on electromagnetic configuration and/or materials (e.g., innovative design related to axial flux, transverse flux, flux switching, homopolar, linear machines);
  • Special applications (e.g., kinetic energy storage, cogeneration, electromagnetic gears, energy harvesting for wearable devices or remote low power load supply, magnetic levitation);
  • Fault-tolerant design and operation (e.g., segregated/multi-phase windings, contactless power transfer, magnetic bearings, suitable converter design, advanced fault diagnostics);
  • Integrated electromagnetic analysis and modeling for transient simulation (e.g., link between FEM code and numerical code for transient analysis, mathematical model extraction from electromagnetic FEA output);
  • Integrated multiphysics design (e.g., electromagnetic analysis combined with thermal and/or mechanic stress analysis, magnetohydrodynamics application);
  • Advances on computational analysis (e.g., mixed numerical/analytical codes, electrical machine magnetic/thermal circuit, parallel computing, deep learning and neural network techniques);
  • Advances on machine design optimization (multi-objective optimization, cutting-edge applications of stochastic/design-of-experiments techniques, etc.).

Dr. Mauro Andriollo
Dr. Andrea Tortella
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • finite element method
  • computational electromagnetics
  • electrical machine design
  • electrical machine modelling
  • magnetic circuit
  • thermal circuit
  • transient simulation
  • electromagnetic optimization
  • nature inspired optimization
  • multi-objective optimization
  • fault tolerant electromagnetic design
  • transient simulation
  • axial flux electrical machines
  • transverse flux electrical machines
  • homopolar electrical machines
  • linear electrical machines
  • flywheel
  • magnetic levitation
  • energy harvesting

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 21932 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Vibration and Noise in a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Temperature-Dependent Characteristics of Permanent Magnet
by Changhwan Kim, Gyeonghwan Yun, Sangjin Lee, Yongha Choo, Grace Firsta Lukman and Cheewoo Lee
Energies 2023, 16(18), 6452; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16186452 - 6 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1466
Abstract
Interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) are widely utilized due to their high power density. However, noise and vibration issues are often encountered in these motors. While researchers have extensively investigated individual aspects such as noise, vibration, and heat generation in PMSMs, there [...] Read more.
Interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) are widely utilized due to their high power density. However, noise and vibration issues are often encountered in these motors. While researchers have extensively investigated individual aspects such as noise, vibration, and heat generation in PMSMs, there has been a lack of comprehensive studies examining the interrelationships among these factors. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed for predicting vibration by considering the radial force in the air gap as the exciting force, while also accounting for the changes in the permanent magnet (PM) characteristics caused by heat generation during motor operation. The method involves decomposing and identifying vibration components associated with each vibration mode and predicting noise based on the sound radiation efficiency of each mode. By constructing a vibration map based on current and temperature at a specific frequency, the components most affected by current variations and PM characteristics can be identified. This allows for the proposal of design improvements aimed at reducing vibration. Furthermore, by comparing the vibration map with the noise map, it is confirmed that vibration serves as a source of noise and influences its generation. However, it is found that vibration and noise are not strictly proportional. Overall, a comprehensive analysis of the correlations between vibration, noise, and other factors in IPMSMs is presented in this study. The proposed method and findings contribute to the understanding of the complex dynamics involved and provide valuable insights for the design of quieter and more efficient motor systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electromagnetic Analysis and Modeling of Conventional and Special Electrical Machines II)
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17 pages, 2053 KiB  
Article
A Novel Mode Un-Mixing Approach in Variational Mode Decomposition for Fault Detection in Wound Rotor Induction Machines
by Reza Bazghandi, Mohammad Hoseintabar Marzebali, Vahid Abolghasemi and Shahin Hedayati Kia
Energies 2023, 16(14), 5551; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16145551 - 22 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 769
Abstract
Condition monitoring of induction machines (IMs) with the aim of increasing the machine’s lifetime, improving the efficiency and reducing the maintenance cost is necessary and inevitable. Among different types of methods presented for mechanical and electrical fault tracing in induction machines, stator current [...] Read more.
Condition monitoring of induction machines (IMs) with the aim of increasing the machine’s lifetime, improving the efficiency and reducing the maintenance cost is necessary and inevitable. Among different types of methods presented for mechanical and electrical fault tracing in induction machines, stator current signature analysis has attracted great attention in recent decades. This popularity is mainly due to the non-invasive nature of this technique. A non-recursive method named variational mode decomposition (VMD) is used for the decomposition of any signal into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). This technique can be employed for detection of faulty components in a current signature. However, mode mixing of extracted IMFs makes the mechanical and electrical fault detection of IMs complicated, especially in the case where fault indices emerge close to the supply frequency. To achieve this, we rectify the signal of stator current prior to applying VMD. The main advantage of the presented approach is allowing the fault indices to be properly demodulated from the main frequency to avoid mode mixing phenomenon. The method shows that the dominant frequencies of the current signal can be isolated in each IMFs, appropriately. The proposed strategy is validated to detect the rotor asymmetric fault (RAF) in a wound rotor induction machine (WRIM), in both transient and steady-state conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electromagnetic Analysis and Modeling of Conventional and Special Electrical Machines II)
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18 pages, 6598 KiB  
Article
Remnant Magnetisation State Control for Positioning of a Hybrid Tunable Magnet Actuator
by Endre Ronaes, Andres Hunt and Hassan HosseinNia
Energies 2023, 16(12), 4548; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16124548 - 6 Jun 2023
Viewed by 792
Abstract
The recent development of a hybrid tunable magnet actuator proposes to eliminate Joule heating when maintaining a force or position offset. By controlling the remnant magnetic flux in an AlNiCo magnet within the actuator, the actuation force can be linearly varied and maintained. [...] Read more.
The recent development of a hybrid tunable magnet actuator proposes to eliminate Joule heating when maintaining a force or position offset. By controlling the remnant magnetic flux in an AlNiCo magnet within the actuator, the actuation force can be linearly varied and maintained. While a method for tuning the magnetisation state of the magnet with minimal magnetic field changes has been demonstrated previously, the method is inefficient due to its slow tuning rate, which hinders its use in controlling the actuator’s position. This paper presents a novel method of magnetisation state tuning with a fast tuning rate and validates its effectiveness for controlling the position of a short-stroke linear actuator. This tuning method is implemented and verified for changing the flux density of an AlNiCo magnet in the range of ±1.2 T, with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 7.2 mT. An accurate estimation of the magnetisation state is furthermore achieved during positioning, guided by the design and experimental validation of a lumped parameter model, allowing the position to be controlled with an RMSE of 4.0 µm in a range of −157 to 320 µm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electromagnetic Analysis and Modeling of Conventional and Special Electrical Machines II)
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21 pages, 35143 KiB  
Article
Design and Optimization of a Magnetic Field Exciter for Controlling Magnetorheological Fluid in a Hybrid Soft-Rigid Jaw Gripper
by Marcin Białek and Cezary Jędryczka
Energies 2023, 16(5), 2299; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16052299 - 27 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1369
Abstract
The paper deals with an optimization of a magnetic circuit of the field exciter designed to control magnetorheological fluid (MRF) in a hybrid soft–rigid jaw gripper. The case discussed includes sealing of the MRF inside a cushion made of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The [...] Read more.
The paper deals with an optimization of a magnetic circuit of the field exciter designed to control magnetorheological fluid (MRF) in a hybrid soft–rigid jaw gripper. The case discussed includes sealing of the MRF inside a cushion made of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The shear stress distributions in the MRF upon magnetic field excitation have been analyzed for various permanent magnet, yoke, and air gap dimensions. In the developed numerical model of the magnetic field exciter, the geometry of the considered domain was parameterized. As part of the simulation study, more than 4600 variants of the magnetic circuit were analyzed, for which the shear stress distribution in the MRF inside the cushion was determined. The numerical model has been implemented in the Ansys Electronics Desktop 2020 finite element method (FEM) package. Research was focused on finding dimensions of the magnetic circuit that ensure the desired distribution of the shear stress in the MRF inside the cushion. The undeformed and deformed by axial plunging of the pin cushions geometries have been analyzed. The evaluation criteria were the achievement of the highest possible value of the shear stress and the uniformity of its distribution in the given cross-sectional area of the MRF inside the cushion. The main objective of the analysis was to design the magnetic field exciter for application in the jaw pads of a gripper using MRF cushions. Through research, a suitable configuration tailored to the needs of the application was proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electromagnetic Analysis and Modeling of Conventional and Special Electrical Machines II)
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24 pages, 1824 KiB  
Article
A Hybrid Analytical Model for the Electromagnetic Analysis of Surface-Mounted Permanent-Magnet Machines Considering Stator Saturation
by Wenbiao Lu, Jie Zhu, Youtong Fang and Pierre-Daniel Pfister
Energies 2023, 16(3), 1300; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031300 - 26 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1344
Abstract
This article presents the process of building a hybrid analytical model (HAM) for surface-mounted permanent-magnet machines. The HAM couples a reluctance network (RN) model in the stator region with a magnetic scalar potential analytical model in the air gap and magnets regions. This [...] Read more.
This article presents the process of building a hybrid analytical model (HAM) for surface-mounted permanent-magnet machines. The HAM couples a reluctance network (RN) model in the stator region with a magnetic scalar potential analytical model in the air gap and magnets regions. This hybrid model can deal with the slotting effect with straight teeth, and takes magnetic saturation into account in the stator iron material using the RN model. It is calculated under open-circuit and loaded conditions. The magnetic flux density, flux linkage, back electromotive force (EMF), and torque of the machines are also calculated. This hybrid model is compared with the subdomain method. It is also compared with the finite element method (FEM) both in terms of the size of the matrix that needs to be calculated and in terms of the torque error. We analyzed this method for two surface-mounted permanent-magnet machines, one with a symmetry factor of four and another with a symmetry factor of three. In both cases, HAM reduced the size of the matrix that needed to be solved compared to FEM. In the machine with a symmetry factor of three, when the matrix size of both FEM and HAM was around 1700 × 1700, the torque error of FEM was 2.62% compared to the high-mesh-density FEM simulation, while the torque error of HAM was only 0.17% compared to the same simulation. HAM also had significant advantages over the subdomain method, as it reduced the torque error from 16.8% to 0.08% in the case of high magnetic saturation. The HAM can, hence, play a significant role in the design and optimization of surface-mounted permanent-magnet machines, especially in cases where magnetic saturation is present. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electromagnetic Analysis and Modeling of Conventional and Special Electrical Machines II)
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16 pages, 1581 KiB  
Article
A Novel Analytical Equivalent Circuit for Single-Sided Linear Induction Motors Considering Secondary Leakage Reactance
by Daniel R. Gomes and Ivan E. Chabu
Energies 2023, 16(3), 1261; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031261 - 24 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1140
Abstract
Single-sided linear induction motors usually appear in magnetic levitation systems of transportation. Since the beginning of such developments, edge effects represent one of the great challenges to overcome in analytical modelling. For almost four decades, in order to simplify the mathematical treatment of [...] Read more.
Single-sided linear induction motors usually appear in magnetic levitation systems of transportation. Since the beginning of such developments, edge effects represent one of the great challenges to overcome in analytical modelling. For almost four decades, in order to simplify the mathematical treatment of border effects, most analytical models have not considered the secondary leakage flux properly. Although concise and accurate in most cases, such approaches have deficiencies in slotted secondaries. This paper presents an analytical equivalent circuit that considers the secondary reactance for both edge effects, i.e., entry and exit sides. The proposed approach uses an analogical RLC circuit which describes the behavior of magnetizing (exit) and demagnetizing (entry) waves, as well as adapted correction factors for transverse effects. By means of an 8 pole/120–175 N prototype, the measured thrust and vertical forces remarkably validate the model for frequencies equal or higher than 60 Hz. The relevance of secondary reactance in such cases can be explained by accounting its influence, specially, in the rise of the demagnetizing entry wave. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electromagnetic Analysis and Modeling of Conventional and Special Electrical Machines II)
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17 pages, 9896 KiB  
Article
Design for Reducing Bearing Force Ripple and Torque Ripple of Integrated Magnetic Bearing Motor through Halbach Array
by In-Jun Yang, Min-Ki Hong, Ju Lee, Won-Ho Kim and Dong-Hoon Jung
Energies 2023, 16(3), 1249; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031249 - 24 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2574
Abstract
When a magnetic bearing is used in the design of a high-speed motor, no friction and wear occur because of the principle of magnetic levitation; however, the size of the entire system increases. An integrated magnetic bearing motor is a motor with a [...] Read more.
When a magnetic bearing is used in the design of a high-speed motor, no friction and wear occur because of the principle of magnetic levitation; however, the size of the entire system increases. An integrated magnetic bearing motor is a motor with a magnetic bearing inserted inside the rotor that can minimize the increase in the size of the entire system. In this study, a method to reduce the bearing force ripple and torque ripple of an integrated magnetic bearing motor through parameters for a Halbach array and permanent magnet tapering is proposed. When designing an integrated magnetic bearing motor, because the magnetic bearing is located inside the rotor, the influence of the magnetic flux of the rotor and stator on the magnetic flux of the magnetic bearing should be minimized. By combining the magnetic fluxes of the magnetic bearing, rotor, and stator at the rotor back yoke, magnetic saturation occurs, and the performance of the bearing force and torque ripples decreases. The bearing force and torque according to the Halbach array and permanent magnet tapering were analyzed using finite element analysis. The average bearing force and torque were maximized, and the ripple was minimized through the rotor parameters. Thus, the validity of the main design variables selected to improve the output characteristics was confirmed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electromagnetic Analysis and Modeling of Conventional and Special Electrical Machines II)
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