Submit to Energies Review for Energies Propose a Special Issue

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

State of the Art of Carbon Capture and Sequestration

Print Special Issue Flyer
Special Issue Editors
Special Issue Information
Keywords
Published Papers

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "B3: Carbon Emission and Utilization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 16322

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sohrab Zendehboudi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Department of Process Engineering, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
Interests: energy and environment; transport phenomena; carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration; multiscale and multi-physics modelling; process systems engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

High concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG), particularly carbon dioxide (CO₂), in the atmosphere leads to adverse environmental impacts, such as high temperature, precipitation, and risks of forest fires. Environmental agencies/sectors are always looking for effective ways for mitigation of carbon concentration in the atmosphere. Further, the energy and environmental industries are still interested in injecting CO₂ into underground formations for both sequestration and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) purposes. Thus, it seems vital to employ efficient carbon management technologies such as carbon capture and storage (CCS) to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. There are a variety of theoretical and practical challenges with CCS technologies, such as high capital and operating costs, long-term CO₂ fate, and leakage risks. The aim of this Special Issue is to publish research papers that address the above issues through proposing new experimental and modeling approaches. The issue will include carbon management methods, transport phenomena involved in CCS processes, process design and optimization of CCS plants, risk analysis of carbon control methods, economic and environmental aspects of CCS strategies, industry developments and case studies in CCS, current status and future prospects of CO₂ emissions and control, regulations and policy of governmental and private sectors concerning carbon emissions, and life cycle analysis relevant to carbon management.

Dr. Sohrab Zendehboudi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

carbon capture
carbon sequestration
theoretical and practical challenges
future of carbon management
responsibilities of governmental and private sectors

Published Papers (5 papers)

Download All Papers

Order results

Result details

Show export options Show export options

Select all

Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

28 pages, 3922 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Application of Gene Expression Programming (GEP) in Modeling Hydrocarbon Recovery in WAG Injection Process

by Shokufe Afzali, Mohamad Mohamadi-Baghmolaei and Sohrab Zendehboudi

Energies 2021, 14(21), 7131; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14217131 - 1 Nov 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2179

Abstract

Water alternating gas (WAG) injection has been successfully applied as a tertiary recovery technique. Forecasting WAG flooding performance using fast and robust models is of great importance to attain a better understanding of the process, optimize the operational conditions, and avoid high-cost blind tests in laboratory or pilot scales. In this study, we introduce a novel correlation to determine the performance of the near-miscible WAG flooding in strongly water-wet sandstones. We conduct dimensional analysis with Buckingham’s

π

theorem technique to generate dimensionless numbers using eight key parameters. Seven dimensionless numbers are employed as the input variables of the desired correlation for predicting the recovery factor of a near-miscible WAG injection. A verified mathematical model is used to generate the required training and testing data for the development of the correlation using a gene expression programming (GEP) algorithm. The provided data points are then separated into two subsets: training (67%) to develop the model and testing (33%) to assess the models’ capability. Conducting error analysis, statistical measures and graphical illustrations are provided to assess the effectiveness of the introduced model. The statistical analysis shows that the developed GEP-based correlation can generate target data with high precision such that the training phase leads to R² = 92.85% and MSE = 1.38 × 10⁻³ and R² = 91.93% and MSE = 4.30 × 10⁻³ are attained for the testing phase. The relative importance of the input dimensionless groups is also determined. According to the sensitivity analysis, decreasing the oil–water capillary number results in a significant reduction in RF in all cycles. Increasing the magnitudes of oil to gas viscosity ratio and oil to water viscosity ratio lowers the RF of each cycle. It is found that oil to gas viscosity ratio has a higher impact on RF value compared to oil to water viscosity ratio due to a higher viscosity gap between the gas and oil phases. It is expected that the GEP, as a fast and reliable tool, will be useful to find vital variables including relative permeability in complex transport phenomena such as three-phase flow in porous media. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State of the Art of Carbon Capture and Sequestration)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 7615 KiB

Open AccessArticle

On the Evaluation of Interfacial Tension (IFT) of CO₂–Paraffin System for Enhanced Oil Recovery Process: Comparison of Empirical Correlations, Soft Computing Approaches, and Parachor Model

by Farzaneh Rezaei, Amin Rezaei, Saeed Jafari, Abdolhossein Hemmati-Sarapardeh, Amir H. Mohammadi and Sohrab Zendehboudi

Energies 2021, 14(11), 3045; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14113045 - 24 May 2021

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 2291

Abstract

Carbon dioxide-based enhanced oil-recovery (CO₂-EOR) processes have gained considerable interest among other EOR methods. In this paper, based on the molecular weight of paraffins (n-alkanes), pressure, and temperature, the magnitude of CO₂–n-alkanes interfacial tension (IFT) was determined by utilizing soft computing and mathematical modeling approaches, namely: (i) radial basis function (RBF) neural network (optimized by genetic algorithm (GA), gravitational search algorithm (GSA), imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and ant colony optimization (ACO)), (ii) multilayer perception (MLP) neural network (optimized by Levenberg-Marquardt (LM)), and (iii) group method of data handling (GMDH). To do so, a broad range of laboratory data consisting of 879 data points collected from the literature was employed to develop the models. The proposed RBF-ICA model, with an average absolute percent relative error (AAPRE) of 4.42%, led to the most reliable predictions. Furthermore, the Parachor approach with different scaling exponents (n) in combination with seven equations of state (EOSs) was applied for IFT predictions of the CO₂–n-heptane and CO₂–n-decane systems. It was found that n = 4 was the optimum value to obtain precise IFT estimations; and combinations of the Parachor model with three-parameter Peng–Robinson and Soave–Redlich–Kwong EOSs could better estimate the IFT of the CO₂–n-alkane systems, compared to other used EOSs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State of the Art of Carbon Capture and Sequestration)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

19 pages, 5845 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Carbon Sequestration by Reforesting Legacy Grasslands on Coal Mining Sites

by James F. Fox, John Elliott Campbell and Peter M. Acton

Energies 2020, 13(23), 6340; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236340 - 1 Dec 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2592

Abstract

Future carbon management during energy production will rely on carbon capture and sequestration technology and carbon sequestration methods for offsetting non-capturable losses. The present study quantifies carbon sequestration via reforestation using measurements and modeling for recent and legacy surface coal mining grasslands that are re-restored through tree planting. This paper focuses on a case study of legacy coal mining sites in the southern Appalachia the United States. This five million-hectare region has a surface mining footprint of approximately 12% of the land area, and the reclamation method was primarily grassland. The results of the soil carbon sequestration rates for restored forest soils approach 2.0 MgC ha⁻¹ y⁻¹ initially and average 1.0 MgC ha⁻¹ y⁻¹ for the first fifty years after reclamation. Plant, coarse root and litter carbon sequestration rates were 2.8 MgC ha⁻¹ y⁻¹ with plant carbon estimated to equilibrate to 110 MgC ha⁻¹ after forty years. Plant, root and litter carbon stocks are projected to equilibrate at an order of magnitude greater carbon storage than the existing conditions, highlighting the net carbon gain. Reforestation of legacy mine sites shows carbon sequestration potential several orders of magnitude greater than typical land sequestration strategies for carbon offsets. Projections of future scenarios provide results that show the study region could be carbon neutral or a small sink if widespread reforesting during reclamation was implemented, which is contrary to the business-as-usual projections that result in a large amount of carbon being released to the atmosphere in this region. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State of the Art of Carbon Capture and Sequestration)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 1378 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling of CO₂ Capture with Water Bubble Column Reactor

by Eero Inkeri and Tero Tynjälä

Energies 2020, 13(21), 5793; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13215793 - 5 Nov 2020

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3700

Abstract

The demand for carbon capture is increasing over time due to rising CO

_{2}

levels in the atmosphere. Even though fossil emission could be decreased or even eliminated, there is a need to start removing CO

_{2}

from the atmosphere. The removed CO [...] Read more.

The demand for carbon capture is increasing over time due to rising CO

_{2}

levels in the atmosphere. Even though fossil emission could be decreased or even eliminated, there is a need to start removing CO

_{2}

from the atmosphere. The removed CO

_{2}

could be either stored permanently to a reservoir (CCS, Carbon Capture and Storage) or utilized as a raw material in a long-lasting product (CCU, Carbon Capture and Utilization). The capture of CO

_{2}

could be done by direct air capture, or capturing CO

_{2}

from biogenic sources. Amine absorption is the state-of-the-art method to capture CO

_{2}

, but it has some drawbacks: toxicity, high heat demand, and sorbent sensitivity towards impurities such as sulfur compounds and degradation in cyclic operation. Another potential solvent for CO

_{2}

could be water, which is easily available and safe to use in many applications. The problem with water is the poorer solubility of CO

_{2}

, compared with amines, which leads to larger required flow rates. This study analyzed the technical feasibility of water absorption in a counterflow bubble column reactor. A dynamic, one-dimensional multiphase model was developed. The gas phase was modeled with plug flow assumption, and the liquid phase was treated as axially dispersed plug flow. CO

_{2}

capture efficiency, produced CO

_{2}

mass flow rate, and the product gas CO

_{2}

content were estimated as a function of inlet gas and liquid flow rate. In addition, the energy consumption per produced CO

_{2}

-tonne was calculated. The CO

_{2}

capture efficiency was improved by increasing the liquid flow rate, while the CO

_{2}

content in product gas was decreased. For some of the studied liquid flow rates, an optimum gas flow rate was found to minimize the specific energy consumption. Further research is required to study the integration and dynamical operation of the system in a realistic operation environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State of the Art of Carbon Capture and Sequestration)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 1489 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Economic Conditions for Developing Hydrogen Production Based on Coal Gasification with Carbon Capture and Storage in Poland

by Radosław Kaplan and Michał Kopacz

Energies 2020, 13(19), 5074; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13195074 - 28 Sep 2020

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 4082

Abstract

This study documents the results of economic assessment concerning four variants of coal gasification to hydrogen in a shell reactor. That assessment has been made using discounting methods (NPV: net present value, IRR: internal rate of return), as well as indicators based on a free cash flow to firm (FCFF) approach. Additionally, sensitivity analysis has been carried out, along with scenario analysis in current market conditions concerning prices of hard coal, lignite, hydrogen and CO₂ allowances, as well as capital expenditures and costs related to carbon capture and storage (CCS) systems. Based on NPV results, a negative economic assessment has been obtained for all the analyzed variants varying within the range of EUR −903 to −142 million, although the variants based on hard coal achieved a positive IRR (5.1–5.7%) but lower than the assumed discount rates. In Polish conditions, the gasification of lignite seems to be unprofitable, in the assumed scale of total investment outlays and the current price of coal feedstock. The sensitivity analyses indicate that at least a 20% increase of hydrogen price would be required, or a similar reduction of capital expenditures (CAPEX) and costs of operation, for the best variant to make NPV positive. Analyses have also indicated that on the economic basis, only the prices of CO₂ allowances exceeding EUR 40/Mg (EUR 52/Mg for lignite) would generate savings due to the availability of CCS systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State of the Art of Carbon Capture and Sequestration)

► Show Figures

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

State of the Art of Carbon Capture and Sequestration

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Published Papers (5 papers)

Research

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI