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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A1: Smart Grids and Microgrids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2021) | Viewed by 9930

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Prof. Dr. Hun-Chul Seo

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Department of Electrical Engineering, Yonam Institute of Technology, Jinju, Korea
Interests: distribution system analysis; distribution system protection; integration of distributed energy resources and energy storage system; power system transients
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

I am pleased to announce this Special Issue on the Smart Power Distribution Systems and the Integration of Distributed Energy Resources to Power Systems. Globally, the grid connection of distributed energy resources (DER) is increasing. When DER are connected to a distribution system, various problems might arise in terms of system operation, such as scheduling, power quality, protection, reliability, and power flow. The reliability requirements for electric power supplies are also increasing as a result of the increase in sensitive loads and power demands. This Special Issue will collect research that addresses challenges and countermeasures related to the aforementioned issues. We welcome research dealing with smart distribution systems and the integration of DER in distribution systems. In this Special Issue, we invite original and unpublished research work in areas including (but not limited to) the following:

Application of artificial intelligence, IoT, big data technology
Distribution system protection
Distribution system analysis and operation
Distributed energy resources
Energy storage system
Energy management
Load forecasting
Power quality
Power system transients
Reliability
Smart grid

Prof. Dr. Hun-Chul Seo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

Application of artificial intelligence, IoT, Big Data technology
Distribution system protection
Distribution system analysis and operation
Distributed energy resources
Energy storage system
Energy management
Load forecasting
Power quality
Power system transients
Reliability
Smart grid

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 18879 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of New Protection Scheme in DC Microgrid Using Wavelet Transform

by Hun-Chul Seo

Energies 2022, 15(1), 283; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15010283 - 1 Jan 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1607

Abstract

The demand for a low voltage direct current (LVDC) microgrid is increasing by the increase of DC-based digital loads and renewable resources and the rapid development of power electronics technology. For the stable operation of an LVDC microgrid, it is necessary to develop a protection method. In this paper, the new protection scheme considering the fault section is proposed using wavelet transform (WT) in an LVDC microgrid. The fault sections are classified into DC side of the alternating current (AC)/DC converter, DC/DC converter connected to photovoltaic (PV) system, DC line, and DC bus. The characteristics of fault current at each fault section are analyzed. Based on these analyses, the new protection scheme including the fault section estimation is proposed using WT. The proposed scheme estimates the fault section using the detail component after performing WT and sends the trip signal to each circuit breaker according to the fault section. The proposed protection scheme is verified through various simulations according to the fault region and fault current using electromagnetic transient program (EMTP)/ATPDraw and MATLAB. The simulation results show that the fault section is accurately determined, and the corresponding circuit breaker (CB) operations are performed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Power Distribution Systems and the Integration of Distributed Energy Resources to Power Systems)

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16 pages, 29028 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Improvement of Voltage Unbalance by Current Injection Based on Unbalanced Line Impedance in Distribution Network with PV System

by Daisuke Iioka, Takahiro Fujii, Toshio Tanaka, Tsuyoshi Harimoto, Junpei Motoyama and Daisuke Nagae

Energies 2021, 14(23), 8126; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14238126 - 3 Dec 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1456

Abstract

In this study, we have proposed a novel current injection determination method that improves the voltage unbalance based on the unbalanced line impedance in a distribution network with a large-capacity PV system. An increase in the unbalance of the distribution line voltage was observed owing to a large-scale reverse power flow. To visualize this phenomenon, the P-V curves were derived for each phase to indicate the increase in the voltage unbalance with respect to the reverse power flow. Based on the derived P-V curves, the effect of a current unbalance on the voltage unbalance was investigated. It was clarified that there is a current unbalance that can improve the voltage unbalance even if the line impedance is unbalanced. In other words, the current unbalance that can theoretically make the voltage unbalance zero could be expressed in terms of the symmetrical components of unbalanced line impedance. As an application of the proposed method, the effect of the mitigation of voltage unbalance was demonstrated by controlling single-phase reactors, whose numbers were determined by using the relationship between the unbalanced line current and unbalanced line impedance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Power Distribution Systems and the Integration of Distributed Energy Resources to Power Systems)

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19 pages, 19494 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Implementation of Distributed Autonomous Control Based Battery Energy Storage System for Frequency Regulation

by Hyung-Seung Kim, Junho Hong and In-Sun Choi

Energies 2021, 14(9), 2672; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14092672 - 6 May 2021

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2365

Abstract

It has been mandated that 5% of the generation capacity of conventional fossil fuel power plants shall be used exclusively for frequency regulation (FR) purposes in South Korea. However, the rotational speed of generators cannot be controlled quickly, and thus the variation in the power generation for FR takes some time. Even during this short period of time, frequency fluctuations may occur, and the frequency may be out of range of its reference value. In order to overcome the limitations of the existing FR method, 374 MW (103 MWh) battery energy storage systems (BESSs) for FR have been installed and are in operation at 13 sites in South Korea. When designing the capacity of BESS for FR, three key factors, i.e., the deployment time, duration of delivery, and end of delivery, are considered. When these times can be reduced, the required capacity for BESS installation can be decreased, achieving the same operational effects with minimal investment in the facilities. However, because a BESS for FR (FR BESS) needs to be installed under a large capacity, providing a single output, a centralized control method is employed. The centralized control method has the advantage of being able to view and check the entire system at once, although in the case of FR BESS, a novel system design that can optimize the above three factors through a faster and more accurate control is required. Therefore, this paper proposes the implementation of a distributed autonomous control-based BESS for frequency regulation. For the proposed FR BESS, the central control system is responsible for the determination of external factors, e.g., power generation/demand forecasting; and the system is designed such that the optimal control method of renewable energy sources and BESS according to real-time frequency variations during practical operation is determined and operated using a distributed autonomous control method. Furthermore, this study was verified through the simulation that the proposed distributed autonomous control method conducts FR faster than an FR BESS with conventional centralized control, leading to an increase in the FR success rate, and a decrease in the deployment time required (e.g., 200 ms). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Power Distribution Systems and the Integration of Distributed Energy Resources to Power Systems)

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20 pages, 6220 KiB

Open AccessArticle

New Protection Scheme in Loop Distribution System with Distributed Generation

by Hun-Chul Seo

Energies 2020, 13(22), 5897; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13225897 - 12 Nov 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2194

Abstract

Loop distribution systems are increasingly used for reasons such as increased distributed generation (DG) and increased demand for a reliable and high-quality power supply. Because the loop distribution system involves bidirectional power flow, the method for protection of the radial distribution system cannot be applied. Therefore, a protection method is proposed herein for loop distribution systems. In this study, the existence of DG is also considered. According to the proposed method, the fault point is estimated on the basis of the equivalent circuit of the distribution system. Then, the fault section is determined and separated from the distribution system. The separation of DG is determined depending on whether the frequency and voltage are maintained within the steady state ranges. The proposed method is modelled and verified using the Electromagnetic Transients Program. Simulations according to the fault location are performed and analyzed. The results show that the method accurately determines the fault section so that normal power can be supplied to the healthy sections in the distribution system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Power Distribution Systems and the Integration of Distributed Energy Resources to Power Systems)

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15 pages, 1409 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Real-Time Dispatch of Coupled Transmission and Distribution Systems within a Distributed and Cooperative Framework

by Lingshu Zhong and Lin Guan

Energies 2020, 13(20), 5281; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13205281 - 12 Oct 2020

Viewed by 1262

Abstract

This paper presents a real-time dispatch strategy for coupled transmission and distribution systems within a distributed and cooperative control framework to maintain reliable and secure operation with minimum generation costs and maximum renewable energy consumption. The presented strategy transforms each distribution system into a dispatchable active source via an average-consensus-based active power control of renewable distributed energy resources (DERs) at the distribution level and then dispatches the active power reference of conventional generators as well as the distribution systems in a measurement-based way at a transmission level. The voltage fluctuation caused by the DER active power control is smoothened with a distributed voltage control method, which can also reduce the active power loss in the distribution systems. Compared to existing real-time dispatch strategies, the proposed strategy can eliminate security issues in the transmission system in a short time by regulating large amounts of DERs at a distribution level in a simple and easy controlled structure, in which the differences in the communication conditions and privacy requirements between the distribution and transmission systems are adequately considered. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Power Distribution Systems and the Integration of Distributed Energy Resources to Power Systems)

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