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Energies
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European Biofuel Production, Conversion and Economics
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European Biofuel Production, Conversion and Economics

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A4: Bio-Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 50321

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Erik Trømborg

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Environmental Science and Natural Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
Interests: bioenergy; forest and energy sector analysis and modeling; biomass supply and markets
Dr. Per Kristian Rørstad

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Environmental Science and Natural Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
Interests: bioenergy; liquid biofuels; policy analyses; greenhouse gas accounting

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Guest Editor is inviting submissions to a Special Issue of Energies on the subject area of “European Biofuel Production, Conversion, and Economics”. Increased use of biofuels in the transport sector has influenced the agricultural and waste sectors in Europe and is expected to influence the forest sectors in the years to come. This Special Issue will deal with social, economic, and environmental impacts of European biofuel production. Topics of interest for publication include but are not limited to:

  • Biofuel policy incentives and impacts;
  • Profitability of European biofuel productions;
  • Technoeconomic aspects of advanced biofuels;
  • Forest sector impacts and modeling;
  • Biofuel potentials;
  • Biomass availability and competition;
  • Environmental impacts of biofuel production and use;
  • Trade aspects of European biofuel production and use;
  • Land use impacts of biofuel production;
  • Leakage effects of policies;
  • Greenhouse gas abatement cost estimation.

Prof. Dr. Erik Trømborg
Dr. Per Kristian Rørstad
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Biomass
  • Bioenergy
  • (Advanced) biofuels
  • Forest sector modeling
  • Energy sector modeling
  • Policy analysis
  • GHG effects

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 5460 KiB  
Article
The Future Role of Forest-Based Biofuels: Industrial Impacts in the Nordic Countries
by Eirik Ogner Jåstad, Torjus Folsland Bolkesjø, Per Kristian Rørstad, Atle Midttun, Judit Sandquist and Erik Trømborg
Energies 2021, 14(8), 2073; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14082073 - 8 Apr 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3348
Abstract
This study applies a partial equilibrium forest sector model to analyse the impacts of biofuel deployment for road transport in the Nordic countries, when alternative use of the biomass resources and transport sector electrification are considered. We foresee a strong electrification of the [...] Read more.
This study applies a partial equilibrium forest sector model to analyse the impacts of biofuel deployment for road transport in the Nordic countries, when alternative use of the biomass resources and transport sector electrification are considered. We foresee a strong electrification of the transport sector, resulting in a demand for biofuels of approximately 2.5 billion L in 2035 and 1 billion L in 2050 in a 100% fossil-free base scenario. The simultaneous increase in demand from pulping industries and biofuel will cause an overall increase in wood use, of which the biofuels share will constitute approximately 20–25%. The utilization of harvest residues will increase more than 300% compared to the current level, since biofuel production will reallocate some of the current raw material used in district heating. Biofuel consumption in road transport will likely reduce after 2040 due to increasing electrification, but it is plausible that the declining domestic demand will be replaced by increasing demand from international biofuel markets in aviation and shipping. The main uncertainties in the scenarios are the future costs and profitability of forest-based biofuel technologies and the public acceptance of the close to 100 TWh of new renewable electricity production needed for the electrification of Nordic road transport. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue European Biofuel Production, Conversion and Economics)
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21 pages, 1949 KiB  
Article
Considerations on Potentials, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Performance of Biofuels Based on Forest Residues for Heavy-Duty Road Transport in Sweden
by Shveta Soam and Pål Börjesson
Energies 2020, 13(24), 6701; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13246701 - 18 Dec 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 42473
Abstract
This case study investigates the potentials, greenhouse gas (GHG), and energy performance of forest residue biofuels produced by new and emerging production technologies, which are commercially implemented in Sweden for heavy transport. The biofuel options included are ethanol (ED 95), hydro-processed vegetable oil [...] Read more.
This case study investigates the potentials, greenhouse gas (GHG), and energy performance of forest residue biofuels produced by new and emerging production technologies, which are commercially implemented in Sweden for heavy transport. The biofuel options included are ethanol (ED 95), hydro-processed vegetable oil (HVO), and liquefied biogas (LBG) produced from logging residues in forestry and sawdust generated in sawmills. The calculated life cycle GHG emissions, based on the EU Renewable Energy Directive calculation methodology, for all three pathways are in the range of 6–11 g CO2eq./MJ, corresponding to 88–94% GHG emission reductions as compared to fossil fuel. Critical parameters are the enzyme configuration for ethanol, hydrogen supply systems and bio-oil technology for HVO, and gasifier size for LBG. The energy input is ranging from 0.16 to 0.43 MJ/MJ biofuel and the total conversion efficiency from the feedstock to biofuel, including high-value by-products (excluding heat), varies between 61 and 65%. The study concludes that the domestic biofuel potential from estimated accessible logging residues and sawdust is equivalent to 50–100% of the current use of fossil diesel in heavy-duty road transport in Sweden, depending on the biofuel production technology selected and excluding energy by-products. Thus, an expansion of forest-based biofuels is a promising strategy to meet the ambitious climate goals in the transport sector in Sweden. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue European Biofuel Production, Conversion and Economics)
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30 pages, 4188 KiB  
Article
The Potential Contribution of Imported Biomass to Renewable Energy Targets in the EU–the Trade-off between Ambitious Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Targets and Cost Thresholds
by Lotte Visser, Ric Hoefnagels and Martin Junginger
Energies 2020, 13(7), 1761; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13071761 - 7 Apr 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4004
Abstract
Wood pellets could potentially contribute to bioenergy demand in the European Union (EU). Market cost constraints as well as greenhouse gas (GHG) emission savings thresholds imposed by the European Commission however limit the potential use of pellets. A spatially explicit assessment of import [...] Read more.
Wood pellets could potentially contribute to bioenergy demand in the European Union (EU). Market cost constraints as well as greenhouse gas (GHG) emission savings thresholds imposed by the European Commission however limit the potential use of pellets. A spatially explicit assessment of import potentials of both pellets and torrefied pellets, based on the growing stock of forestry biomass in the US, Canada, Brazil, Russia and Baltic States, was combined with an analysis of supply chain costs and emissions in order to analyse potentials as limited by different levels of costs and emission constraints. Results show that in case of GHG savings thresholds of 70%, 80% and 85% the total import potential is reduced to 61 to 24 and 1 Mt, respectively. The potential for torrefied pellets is larger in all cases, 44 Mt in the case of an 80% limit. Import potentials at cost limits of 200, 175, 150 and 125 €/t are reduced from 58 Mt to 52, 38 and 9 Mt pellets, respectively, with little difference between pellets and torrefied pellets. This work shows that spatially explicit variation in feedstock availability and logistics has a significant impact on total import potentials and must therefore be included in any assessment of bioenergy potential and trade. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue European Biofuel Production, Conversion and Economics)
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