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Application of Power Electronics Technology in Energy System

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A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Power Electronics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 May 2024 | Viewed by 13803

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jizhong Zhu

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Guest Editor

School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
Interests: power system; renewable energy; smart grid

Prof. Dr. Lei Xi

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Guest Editor

College of Electrical Engineering & New Energy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
Interests: load frequency control; artificial intelligence techniques; automatic generation control

Dr. Yun Liu

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Guest Editor

School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
Interests: distributed control and optimization; cyber security; smart grid; integrated energy system

Dr. Weiye Zheng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
Interests: energy management in smart grid

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Many countries are currently facing increasingly severe challenges, such as resource depletion, environmental pollution, and climate change. Responding to these challenges, increasing the proportion of renewable energy utilization, and practicing low-carbon development have become the focus of global attention and the consensus of countries in the world for sustainable development. Power electronics technology has achieved considerable progress after several decades of the dynamic evolution of power semiconductor devices, converters, pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques, electrical machines, motor drives, advanced control, and simulation techniques. Among all renewables, wind and photovoltaic energy are particularly important and dependent on power electronics. The integration of a high proportion of renewable energy, however, will face a series of technical challenges, and the application of power electrics technology can solve certain parts of these problems. However, critical issues have not yet been handled, such as the comprehensive analysis, design, and reliability evaluation methods of high-capacity power electronic devices. In addition, existing designs often rely on high-cost excess margins in exchange for operational security and reliability.

This Special Issue aims to foster novel, safe, and economic approaches to the application of electronics technology in energy systems. We need to not only solve the problems concerning power electronics technology itself, but also actively cooperate to solve other interdisciplinary problems in energy systems. The topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

Advanced power semiconductors
Distributed generation, fuel cells, and renewable energy systems
Electric drivers and application
Electric vehicle technologies
Electrical machines, power electronics, and industry applications
Electrical materials and processes
Electronic materials
Electronics, information, and control systems
Inverter and converter technology
Power electronics and power drives
Power generation and sustainable environment
Renewable energy, including wind, solar, and wave, etc.
Power electronics in automotive, traction, and aerospace
Wide band gap semiconductor devices
Medical and rehabilitation power electronics
Environmental protection and alternative energy
Control techniques for power converters
Railway systems and transportation
Analysis of a power-electronics-based power system
Control techniques of power electronic devices
Ac, dc, and hybrid microgrids

Prof. Dr. Jizhong Zhu
Prof. Dr. Lei Xi
Dr. Yun Liu
Dr. Weiye Zheng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

power electronics
inverter and converter
renewable energy
energy system
power system
electric vehicle
microgrid
advanced power semiconductors
electronic materials

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 10964 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Large-Signal Stability Analysis for Islanded DC Microgrids with n+1 Parallel Energy-Storage Converters

by Xinbo Liu, Yiran Zhang, Yongbing Suo, Xiaotong Song and Jinghua Zhou

Electronics 2023, 12(19), 4032; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12194032 - 25 Sep 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 686

Abstract

In islanded DC microgrids, the negative impedance characteristics of constant power loads (CPLs) usually introduce instability influences; on the contrary, hybrid energy-storage systems (HESSs) constituted of batteries and supercapacitors (SCs) have stabilization advantages. To guarantee the large-signal stability of islanded DC microgrids with n+1 parallel energy-storage converters, an equivalent model is first constructed based on the control strategies of the converters. Then, according to the mixed potential function theory, a large-signal stability criterion, considering powers, inductors, capacitors, the DC bus voltage, the equivalent internal resistances of batteries, the proportional parameters of the inner current loop of n battery DC–DC converters, the proportional parameter of the outer power control loop of the SC DC–DC converter, and the proportional parameter of the inner current loop of the CPLs, is derived. Furthermore, the proposed large-signal stability criterion is optimized via the use of droop control for n battery converters, and coefficients related to the droop coefficients are also taken into account. These involved control parameters reveal the process of regulating the HESS and CPLs instead of ideal modeling and significantly reduce the conservatism of the criterion to some extent. In addition, on the basis of the large-signal stability criterion presented herein, the maximum CPL power that the islanded DC microgrids can stably support is obtained. Finally, simulation and experimental results verify the validity of the provided large-signal-stability criterion. The given procedure of analyzing large-signal stability is more consistent with planning and operating actual DC microgrids. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Power Electronics Technology in Energy System)

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15 pages, 4297 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identification and Analysis of Low-Frequency Oscillation in a Multi-Grid-Forming-VSC Grid-Connected System

by Min Zhang, Rui Fan, Huipeng Li, Jun Zhao, Tengxin Wang and Lin Chen

Electronics 2023, 12(18), 3740; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12183740 - 05 Sep 2023

Viewed by 700

Abstract

The existing low-frequency oscillation analysis method of a multi-grid-forming-VSC (voltage source converter) is greatly affected by modeling accuracy, and its oscillation mode can only be determined by acquiring the control parameters of the system. Therefore, a method of identifying low-frequency oscillation characteristics of multi-VSC based on VMD (variational mode decomposition) and a Prony algorithm was proposed in this paper. The Prony algorithm is sensitive to noise, and its identification accuracy is greatly affected by noise. Thus, the VMD algorithm was utilized to denoise the measured data. Then, the Prony algorithm was applied to analyze the low-frequency oscillation of the measured data of single VSC and multi-VSC grid-connected systems, and its applicability to different grid-forming VSCs was verified. The error comparison results showed that the proposed low-frequency oscillation identification method had high accuracy. Furthermore, the influence of the number of parallel VSCs, grid strength and active output on the low-frequency oscillation of the system was investigated. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed low-frequency oscillation method was verified by building a physical experimental platform. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Power Electronics Technology in Energy System)

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26 pages, 6806 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Harmonic Resonance Analysis and Impedance Remodeling Method of Multi-Inverter Grid-Connected System

by Min Zhang, Jinhao Wang, Shifeng Zhang, Le Gao, Xiangyu Guo, Lin Chen and Yonghai Xu

Electronics 2023, 12(17), 3684; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12173684 - 31 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 814

Abstract

The harmonic and resonant characteristics of a multi-inverter grid-connected system can negatively affect power quality when weak grid conditions are present. In this paper, firstly, harmonic currents are modeled for the inverter, the correctness of low-frequency harmonics and high-frequency harmonics are verified in closed loop, and the characteristics of harmonic currents are analyzed when the parameters are varied. Secondly, the resonant characteristics of the inverter with feed-forward link are analyzed, and a multi-inverter grid-connected equivalent model based on the triple-decomposition conductance is developed and analyzed in conjunction with the resonant modal analysis method. Then, a harmonic resonance impedance reshaping method is proposed to suppress the background harmonics using improved weighted average current control (WACC), suppress the system resonance based on the point of common coupling (PCC) paralleling virtual conductance method, and improve the stability margin of the system combined with impedance reshaping resonance suppression method. Finally, simulations and comparison of results with different suppression methods verify the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Power Electronics Technology in Energy System)

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16 pages, 3742 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Power Control Strategy for a Ferry’s DC Power System Using Supercapacitors

by Qinsheng Yun, Lijun Fu, Li Cheng and Xiangjun Wang

Electronics 2023, 12(13), 2878; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12132878 - 29 Jun 2023

Viewed by 820

Abstract

Integrated power systems are gaining popularity in the field of power systems and DC integrated power systems are considered promising for electric propulsion ships due to their simple grid topology, low fuel consumption, and easy access to new energy sources. However, the dynamic response characteristics of the power plant can be compromised when a variable speed generator is used in a DC power system, despite achieving energy savings. In this research, we investigate the power control strategy of a specific type of a ferry’s DC power plant. We establish a mathematical model and a Matlab/Simulink-based simulation model to analyze the performance of the proposed strategy. The research utilizes the fast charging and discharging advantages of supercapacitor storage devices to compensate for the dynamic impact delay of the power output when using the variable speed generator set. Additionally, an improved DC bus voltage droop control method that incorporates voltage compensation is proposed to mitigate problems related to large bus voltage fluctuations under sudden load change conditions, enabling better load distribution between different power sources. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in optimizing the speed-seeking method of the variable speed diesel engine sets matching with the supercapacitor, and its positive impact on the dynamic performance of the propulsion system is demonstrated under variable load conditions resulting from ferry operations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Power Electronics Technology in Energy System)

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15 pages, 4426 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Temperature Distribution of Large Permanent Magnet Synchronous Direct Drive Wind Turbine

by Zhengjun Huang, Quan Liu and Yuxin Hao

Electronics 2023, 12(10), 2251; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12102251 - 15 May 2023

Viewed by 897

Abstract

A wind turbine is a conversion mechanism that converts wind energy into electrical energy, but the conversion efficiency cannot reach 100%, so there is partial loss. These losses are converted into thermal energy, which in turn causes the wind turbine to heat up and affect generator performance. Therefore, the cooling and temperature field analysis of wind turbines is very important. In this paper, an electromagnetic analysis model is established by using the parameters of a 4 MW wind turbine; the losses of each part of the generator under rated load and three-phase short-circuit conditions are calculated, respectively; and the heat source is imported into the workbench fluent software to determine the cooling mode, so as to obtain the magnetic-thermal-flow field coupling model of permanent magnet synchronous direct drive wind turbine. The temperature distribution and temperature rise of the generator are obtained. Under the rated load condition, the overall maximum temperature rise of the wind turbine is 41.4 °C, about 180 mm near the fluid outlet side, which is as high as the winding temperature rises, because the winding is the main heating body. The maximum temperature rise of the rotor model and the permanent magnet model is about 36 °C. Under the three-phase short circuit condition, the temperature distribution of each component is similar to that under the rated load condition, and the temperature near the fluid inlet is low; the lowest is only 29.8 °C. The higher the temperature at the fluid’s outlet, but not close to it, the higher the temperature is when it is about 180 mm away from the fluid’s outlet side. The temperature difference in the same axial length is relatively large, with a maximum temperature difference of about 120 °C. The temperature distribution and temperature rise of the generator are independent of the operating conditions, which mainly affect the value. Additionally, through experimental verification, the minimum error under the rated load condition is 1.05%, the maximum error is 3.3%, and the average error is 2.30%. The minimum error under the three-phase short-circuit condition is 1.5%, the maximum error is 3.62%, and the average error is 2.26%. The difference with the engineering error range requirements is small, indicating the reasonable and effective effectiveness of this method. This study aims to provide a strong reference for analyzing the cooling and magnetic thermal flow field and a coupling analysis of direct drive wind turbines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Power Electronics Technology in Energy System)

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19 pages, 7357 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Inverter Resonance Modal Analysis Based on Decomposed Conductance Model

by Lin Chen, Yonghai Xu, Shun Tao, Tianze Wang and Shuguang Sun

Electronics 2023, 12(5), 1251; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12051251 - 05 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1207

Abstract

The Norton equivalent model based on the transfer function and the frequency domain analysis method for inverter resonance analysis lacks a comprehensive analysis of the resonant characteristics, and more information about the resonant key components and the degree of participation cannot be obtained. In this paper, a decomposed conductance model is proposed to characterize the resonance characteristics of the multi-inverter grid-connected system and the effect of the equivalent control link of the inverter on the resonance in more detail by combining the modal analysis method and the sensitivity analysis method. Firstly, based on αβ coordinates, the conductance division is carried out for the dual-loop inverter control link with the voltage external loop and current internal loop using capacitor-current feedback damping, and the inverter model based on the decomposition conductance is derived. The mathematical model of the multi-inverter grid-connected system is then established. Secondly, the resonance characteristics of the system are analyzed by combining the modal and frequency domain analysis methods when the number of inverters, inverter parameters, and grid-side impedance are changed. Thirdly, the degree of involvement of the system components, especially the equivalent control link of the inverter in resonance conditions, is determined in combination with the proposed model and the sensitivity analysis method, which is the basis for proposing an effective suppression strategy. Finally, a simulation model is built to verify the proposed method and the analysis results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Power Electronics Technology in Energy System)

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21 pages, 6164 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design and Implementation of an Efficient Hardware Coprocessor IP Core for Multi-axis Servo Control Based on Universal SoC

by Jitong Xin, Meiyi Cha, Luojia Shi, Xiaoliang Jiang, Chunyu Long, Qichun Lin, Hairong Li, Fangcong Wang and Peng Wang

Electronics 2023, 12(2), 452; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020452 - 15 Jan 2023

Viewed by 1498

Abstract

The multi-axis servo control system has been extensively used in industrial control. However, the applications of traditional MCU and DSP chips in high-performance multi-axis servo control systems are becoming increasingly difficult due to their lack of computing power. Although FPGA chips can meet the computing power requirements of high-performance multi-axis servo control systems, their versatility is insufficient, and the chip is too costly for large-scale use. Therefore, when designing the universal SoC, it is better to directly embed the coprocessor IP core dedicated to accelerating the multi-motor vector control current loop operation into the universal SoC. In this study, a coprocessor IP core that can be flexibly embedded in a universal SoC was designed. The IP core based on time division multiplexing (TDM) technology could accelerate the multi-motor vector control current loop operation according to the hardware–software coordination scheme proposed in this study. The IP was first integrated into a universal SoC to verify its performance, and then the FPGA prototype verification for the SoC was performed under three-axis servo control systems. Secondly, the ASIC implementation of the IP was also conducted based on the CSMC 90 nm process library. The experimental results revealed that the IP had a small area and low power consumption and was suitable for application in universal SoC. Therefore, the cheap and low-power single universal SoC with the coprocessor IP can be suitable for multi-axis servo control. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Power Electronics Technology in Energy System)

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19 pages, 4668 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Micro-Grid Main Body Electric Heating Double-Layer Sharing Strategy Based on Nash Game

by Hui Wang, Chenglin Wang, Liang Zhao, Xiu Ji, Chengdong Yang and Jiarui Wang

Electronics 2023, 12(1), 214; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010214 - 01 Jan 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1533

Abstract

In order to promote energy mutual aid among microgrids, expand the types of energy interaction, and improve the utilization of renewable energy, a two-layer sharing strategy for multi-microgrids (MMGs) based on the Nash game is proposed. Firstly, the low-carbon transformation of the micro-grid model is carried out, and the source side is transformed into a comprehensive and flexible operation mode for carbon capture thermal power plants. Then, the multi-microgrid subject electro-thermal double-layer sharing model based on the Nash game is constructed, which is decomposed into a revenue maximization sub-problem and a revenue redistribution sub-problem. In the sub-problem of revenue maximization, considering the lowest operation cost of carbon allowances and stepped carbon trading as the goal, the alternating direction multiplier method is used for a distributed solution. In the revenue redistribution sub-problem, the reasonable redistribution of income is realized by constructing the asymmetric energy mapping contribution function for different periods and energy types. Finally, the simulation results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results showed that the strategy of this paper can achieve the optimization of the economic objectives of the multi-microgrid (MMG) alliance and has the advantages of reasonable redistribution of benefits, promotion of wind and solar consumption, and reduction of carbon emissions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Power Electronics Technology in Energy System)

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20 pages, 5063 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Large Signal Stability Criteria Combined with a 3D Region of Asymptotic Stability Method for Islanded AC/DC Hybrid Microgrids

by Xinbo Liu, Zhenkang Zhu, Junfu Shi, Xiaotong Song and Jinghua Zhou

Electronics 2022, 11(23), 4042; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11234042 - 05 Dec 2022

Viewed by 1000

Abstract

Large disturbances frequently happen in isolated AC/DC Hybrid Microgrids. Unfortunately, constant power loads (CPLs) with negative impedance characteristics are equivalent to positive feedback, resulting in an increase in large disturbances. The system can easily become unstable. Consequently, large signal stability criteria are proposed in this paper. Combined with a three-dimensional region of asymptotic stability (3D RAS) method for islanded AC/DC Hybrid Microgrids, important parameters to increase stability margins were determined. Firstly, mixed potential theory was used to derive a large-signal stability criterion. The criteria gave constraints on filtering parameters, CPL power, power of the battery to charge and discharge, AC resistive loads, and DC bus voltage. Then, Lyapunov functions were constructed, and the Lasalle invariance principle was adopted to achieve 3D RAS. When large disturbances emerged, and simultaneously voltage and current varied in 3D RAS, the system always obtained stability and reached new steady-state equilibrium points. Finally, according to comparisons, bigger capacitances of the DC bus capacitor and the AC capacitor, larger battery discharging power and smaller charging power could significantly increase stability margins of islanded Microgrids. Simulations and experimental data have shown that the large signal stability criteria and the 3D RAS work. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Power Electronics Technology in Energy System)

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23 pages, 13731 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Stability Analysis and Robust Control Method for LCL-Type Three-Phase Four-Wire Split Capacitor Inverter Considering Zero-Sequence Loop

by Longyue Yang, Tian Cao, Zhipeng Cai, Xuejing Xia, Chenxi Jia, Xinwei Dong and Shuyuan Zhang

Electronics 2022, 11(20), 3286; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11203286 - 12 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1411

Abstract

In distributed generation systems, the inverter is the main power interface and its stability directly determines the reliable operation of the grid-connected system. As a typical topology for a three-phase four-wire inverter, the LCL-type three-phase four-wire split capacitor inverter (LCL-TFSCI) is taken as the research subject of this paper. Compared with the three-phase three-wire inverter, there is an additional zero-sequence path in the LCL-TFSCI. Therefore, it is not only necessary to consider the stability of the positive and negative sequence system, but there is also the need to consider the stability of the zero-sequence system when performing stability analysis for the LCL-TFSCI. In this paper, a small-signal impedance model considering the zero-sequence loop of LCL-TFSCI is firstly established. Subsequently, the instability risk is revealed when LCL-TFSCI is connected to the grid with parallel compensation capacitors. Through instability analysis, an impedance-reshaping method based on the complex filter and combined differential elements is proposed, which can reshape the impedance characteristic of LCL-TFSCI within the wide frequency range and expand the stability domain of the grid-connected system. Finally, the proposed method is verified by simulation and experiment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Power Electronics Technology in Energy System)

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14 pages, 8005 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Efficiency-Based Optimal Load Distribution for Modular SSTs with Biologically Inspired Optimization Algorithms

by Mariam Mughees, Munazza Sadaf, Hasan Erteza Gelani, Abdullah Bilal, Faisal Saeed, Md. Shahariar Chowdhury, Kuaanan Techato, Sittiporn Channumsin and Nasim Ullah

Electronics 2022, 11(13), 1988; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11131988 - 24 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1580

Abstract

The battle of currents between AC and DC reignited as a result of the development in the field of power electronics. The efficiency of DC distribution systems is highly dependent on the efficiency of distribution converter, which calls for optimized schemes for the efficiency enhancement of distribution converters. Modular solid-state transformers (SSTs) play a vital role in DC distribution networks and renewable energy systems (RES). This paper deals with efficiency-based load distribution for solid-state transformers (SSTs) in DC distribution networks. The aim is to achieve a set of minimum inputs that are consistent with the output while considering the constraints and efficiency. As the main feature of modularity is associated with a three-stage structure of SSTs, this modular structure is optimized using ant lion optimizer (ALO) and validated by applying it to the EIA (Energy Information Agency) DC distribution network which contains SSTs. In the DC distribution grid, modular SSTs provide the promising conversion of DC power from medium voltage to lower DC range (400 V). The proposed algorithm is simulated in MATLAB and also compared with two other metaheuristic algorithms. The obtained results prove that the proposed method can significantly reduce the input requirements for producing the same output while satisfying the specified constraints. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Power Electronics Technology in Energy System)

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