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Electronics
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Antenna Array Processing for Wireless Power Transfer
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Antenna Array Processing for Wireless Power Transfer

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Microwave and Wireless Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 11687

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Rafael González Ayestarán

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Area of Signal Theory and Communications, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Oviedo, 33203 Gijon, Spain
Interests: wireless communications; digital signal processing; 5G; AI
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

In recent years, much progress has been made towards the realization of Tesla’s dream of Wireless Power Transfer (WPT). Different technologies have been proposed, and are already used, to feed electronic devices by using electromagnetic propagation to transfer power from a source. Smartphones or RFID tags are the most visible applications around us, but we are about to see many more. Antenna arrays are one of the most promising technologies being explored to concentrate power onto predefined spots: Near-Field Focusing, 3D shaping, NF beamforming, among others, are techniques that have been shown to transfer energy from a source to a given device in an efficient way. New techniques, design methodologies, algorithms or ideas are welcome to provide the next step in this fascinating topic. 

The topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • WPT technologies;
  • Array architectures for efficient WPT;
  • Design methodologies and algorithms for WPT arrays;
  • Experimental validation of WPT;
  • Implementation of antenna arrays for WPT;
  • Digital NF beamforming in the framework of WPT;
  • Other antenna array-based WPT related topics.

Dr. Rafael González Ayestarán
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Wireless Power Transfer
  • Antenna arrays
  • Near Field Focusing
  • Near Field Shaping
  • Antenna arrays synthesis
  • Algorithms
  • Antenna arrays optimization

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 663 KiB  
Article
Adaptive Impedance Matching Scheme for Magnetic MIMO Wireless Power Transfer System
by Ziyang Lu, Yubin Zhao and Dunge Liu
Electronics 2021, 10(22), 2788; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10222788 - 14 Nov 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1798
Abstract
In coupled magnetic resonance (CMR) wireless energy transfer systems, the energy transfer power is low and the power transfer efficiency changes with the coil position. One reason for this reduction in power and efficiency is the impedance mismatching (IM) between the Tx and [...] Read more.
In coupled magnetic resonance (CMR) wireless energy transfer systems, the energy transfer power is low and the power transfer efficiency changes with the coil position. One reason for this reduction in power and efficiency is the impedance mismatching (IM) between the Tx and Rx coils; achieving impedance matching for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) CMR IM wireless power transmission (WPT) is quite complex due to the uncertainty in the number of coils and the interaction between coils. In this paper, we provide an analytical model of MIMO CMR which fully formulates the complex relationship between multiple Tx and Rx channels. Then, we design an impedance matching network (IMN) for MIMO CMR and derive an optimal IM solution. Base on this solution, we also develop an adaptive impedance matching scheme to control IMN, based on an automatic analysis of MIMO CMR system; the resulting control scheme achieves optimal values for transmission power and efficiency through IMN and coil selection. The simulation results indicate that the scheme is able to automatically adjust the impedance matching network according to the changes of the relative positions between Tx and Rx coils to achieve high energy transfer power and efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antenna Array Processing for Wireless Power Transfer)
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13 pages, 1496 KiB  
Article
An Efficient Far-Field Wireless Power Transfer via Field Intensity Shaping Techniques
by Martina T. Bevacqua, Gennaro G. Bellizzi and Massimo Merenda
Electronics 2021, 10(14), 1609; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10141609 - 06 Jul 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2675
Abstract
Radiative (or far-field) energy replenishment for devices such as smartphones, laptops, robots, and small electric appliances paves the way to autonomous and continuous devices functioning, thus bypassing the need of operation interruptions, human maintenance activities, and replenishment by wired transformers. In this work, [...] Read more.
Radiative (or far-field) energy replenishment for devices such as smartphones, laptops, robots, and small electric appliances paves the way to autonomous and continuous devices functioning, thus bypassing the need of operation interruptions, human maintenance activities, and replenishment by wired transformers. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of using a properly engineered antenna array able to deliver radiative power to devices in need of energy replenishment during their normal and unsupervised activity, whose locations are unknown. Both the case of single and multiple devices needing energy replenishment are addressed. A quantitative proof-of-concept study is carried out to validate the proposed approach. A 3D scenario is simulated to study the case of devices in need of energy replenishment within a standard office environment. Different antenna array configurations are investigated and the corresponding performances benchmarked against a standard installation of recharging antennas. Results confirm the outstanding capability of the proposed approach in terms of confinement and maximization of power transfer. Finally, in this framework, we also propose an efficient communication protocol that is able to manage multiple recharge demand given different operational rules. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antenna Array Processing for Wireless Power Transfer)
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13 pages, 1313 KiB  
Article
DoA Estimation Using Neural Tangent Kernel under Electromagnetic Mutual Coupling
by Qifeng Wang, Xiaolin Hu, Xiaobao Deng and Nicholas E. Buris
Electronics 2021, 10(9), 1057; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10091057 - 29 Apr 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1605
Abstract
Antenna element mutual coupling degrades the performance of Direction of Arrival (DoA) estimation significantly. In this paper, a novel machine learning-based method via Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) is employed to address the DoA estimation problem under the effect of electromagnetic mutual coupling. NTK [...] Read more.
Antenna element mutual coupling degrades the performance of Direction of Arrival (DoA) estimation significantly. In this paper, a novel machine learning-based method via Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) is employed to address the DoA estimation problem under the effect of electromagnetic mutual coupling. NTK originates from Deep Neural Network (DNN) considerations, based on the limiting case of an infinite number of neurons in each layer, which ultimately leads to very efficient estimators. With the help of the Polynomial Root Finding (PRF) technique, an advanced method, NTK-PRF, is proposed. The method adapts well to multiple-signal scenarios when sources are far apart. Numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate that this NTK-PRF approach can handle, accurately and very efficiently, multiple-signal DoA estimation problems with realistic mutual coupling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antenna Array Processing for Wireless Power Transfer)
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13 pages, 5064 KiB  
Article
Demonstration of Digital Retrodirective Method for Solar Power Satellite
by Mudassir Raza and Koji Tanaka
Electronics 2021, 10(4), 498; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10040498 - 20 Feb 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2187
Abstract
This work presents digital retrodirective method to do microwave power transfer (MPT) for solar power satellite (SPS). Due to space environment, there is concern of antenna deformation, which will affect beam forming. Size of SPS is large and synchronization among antenna modules is [...] Read more.
This work presents digital retrodirective method to do microwave power transfer (MPT) for solar power satellite (SPS). Due to space environment, there is concern of antenna deformation, which will affect beam forming. Size of SPS is large and synchronization among antenna modules is difficult. Flexibility regarding frequency selection for MPT is also a requirement for SPS. Digital Retrodirective method determines phase of pilot signal and power signal is transmitted with conjugate phase. Digital Signal Processing (DSP) circuit is used for digital retrodirective method. Experiment is performed without antenna deformation and with antenna deformation cases. Digital retrodirective method performs beam forming without synchronization among antenna modules and corrects effect of antenna deformation successfully. Flexibility for frequency selection is also achieved by the DSP circuit. The presented results confirm that digital retrodirective method is a good candidate for power transfer from SPS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antenna Array Processing for Wireless Power Transfer)
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12 pages, 4319 KiB  
Article
Frequency Diversity Array for Near-Field Focusing
by Xu Han, Shuai Ding, Yongmao Huang, Yuliang Zhou, Huan Tang and Bingzhong Wang
Electronics 2020, 9(6), 958; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9060958 - 09 Jun 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2538
Abstract
In this study, a numerical optimization method is proposed to achieve the near-field focusing of square arrays and circular arrays. This method introduced the frequency diversity array (FDA) approach to change the initial amplitude and working frequency. By adjusting the working state of [...] Read more.
In this study, a numerical optimization method is proposed to achieve the near-field focusing of square arrays and circular arrays. This method introduced the frequency diversity array (FDA) approach to change the initial amplitude and working frequency. By adjusting the working state of each antenna, the field distribution on any plane can be artificially controlled. To analyze the FDA, a mathematical model for the FDA has been built and the model has been optimized by a numerical algorithm. The results of two different kinds of arrays are verified by numerical methods and full-wave simulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antenna Array Processing for Wireless Power Transfer)
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