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Electronics
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Energy Storage Technologies
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Energy Storage Technologies

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Industrial Electronics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 16257

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jonghoon Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
Interests: battery management systems (SOx estimation/prediction algorithms); screening; battery modeling; voltage/SOC equalization; thermal management; heuristic method-based BMS (artificial intelligence); next-generation batteries (VRFB/Li-Air/LiS/Al-Ion, etc); energy storage systems; energy management systems; fault diagnosis; xEV retired battery (second-use) pack configuration and BMS; fuel cell system modeling and EMS; power electronics circuits control and design; renewable energy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent times, the renewable energy industry has reported significant growth in the use of energy storage for grid-connected and power electronics-based applications. Specifically, with great attention to energy storage, the need for its technologies to have a high confidence in operational performance in the above applications has been substantially increased. Therefore, this Special Issues focuses on variable technologies of energy storage considered in grid-connected and power electronics-based applications.

The topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Rechargeable Batteries
  • Supercapacitors
  • Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFB)
  • Lithium Sulfur (LiS) and Sodium Sulfur (NaS)
  • Flywheels
  • Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)

Prof. Dr. Jonghoon Kim
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Rechargeable Battery 
  • Supercapacitor 
  • Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB) 
  • Lithium Sulfur (LiS) and Sodium Sulfur (NaS) 
  • Flywheel 
  • Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 7402 KiB  
Article
Real-Time State-of-Charge Estimation Using an Embedded Board for Li-Ion Batteries
by Seonri Hong, Moses Kang, Hwapyeong Park, Jonghoon Kim and Jongbok Baek
Electronics 2022, 11(13), 2010; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11132010 - 27 Jun 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2509
Abstract
With the use of batteries increases, the complexity of battery management systems (BMSs) also rises. Thus, assessing the functionality of BMSs and performance of the BMS hardware is of utmost importance. Testing with embedded boards at an early stage of BMS development is [...] Read more.
With the use of batteries increases, the complexity of battery management systems (BMSs) also rises. Thus, assessing the functionality of BMSs and performance of the BMS hardware is of utmost importance. Testing with embedded boards at an early stage of BMS development is a pragmatic approach for developing a BMS because it is cost- and time-efficient and considers hardware performance. In this study, we tested and analyzed the real-time state-of-charge (SOC) estimation using a test platform with limited CPU performance as well as memory resources of the embedded board. We collected battery data on a single-cell basis using a first-order RC equivalent circuit and achieved an accuracy of 95% compared to the measured data obtained using actual battery tests. The SOC estimation method applies the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and unscented Kalman filter (UKF). The experiment was performed on the real-time test platform, with 1%, 2%, and 5% noise in the measurement data. The algorithm complexity and hardware implementation were evaluated in terms of the resources used and processing speed. Although the EKF is cost-effective, its error rate increases by 5% with noise interference. The UKF exhibits high accuracy and noise robustness; however, it has a high resource occupancy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Storage Technologies)
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19 pages, 9535 KiB  
Article
Possibility of Power Electronics-Based Control Analysis of a Self-Excited Induction Generator (SEIG) for Wind Turbine and Electrolyzer Application
by Woonki Na, Eduard Muljadi, Seungyun Han, Roland Kobla Tagayi and Jonghoon Kim
Electronics 2021, 10(22), 2743; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10222743 - 10 Nov 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2007
Abstract
A self-excited induction generator (SEIG) is very simple and robust, has a reduced unit size, is easy to implement and simple to control, and requires very little maintenance compared to other types of generators. In variable operating conditions, the SEIG requires a power [...] Read more.
A self-excited induction generator (SEIG) is very simple and robust, has a reduced unit size, is easy to implement and simple to control, and requires very little maintenance compared to other types of generators. In variable operating conditions, the SEIG requires a power electronics interface to transform from the variable frequency voltage output of the generator to a battery voltage output or the related applications. In our study, we tied the SEIG to the power electronics system comprising a diode rectifier and DC/DC converter, and then a final DC load for fuel cell applications was connected. An example of such an application is an electrolyzer where an equivalent circuit is modeled for use in this study. To accomplish the proposed system, we utilized PSCAD and MATLAB for its simulation, control, and analysis. A new system configuration considering three different wind speeds and breaker conditions is modeled and analyzed. The results show that the suggested strategies in this study would contribute to designing and analyzing a more practical power electronics interface system for a wind turbine generator with a DC load. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Storage Technologies)
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14 pages, 7773 KiB  
Article
Digital Implementation Method for Synchronous PWM Control of GaN Transistor at Zero-Crossing of Totem-Pole PFC in Energy Storage Applications
by Bongwoo Kwak and Jonghoon Kim
Electronics 2021, 10(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10010030 - 28 Dec 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3957
Abstract
A digital control scheme for GaN transistor-based totem pole power factor correction (PFC) is proposed in this paper. At the zero crossing, the totem pole PFC has a discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) current section because of its driving method and circuit structure. In [...] Read more.
A digital control scheme for GaN transistor-based totem pole power factor correction (PFC) is proposed in this paper. At the zero crossing, the totem pole PFC has a discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) current section because of its driving method and circuit structure. In the DCM current section, when a typical synchronous switching technique is applied, the inductor current is reduced to less than zero, thereby reducing efficiency. Moreover, because of the nature of the circuit, power may be transferred in reverse. To prevent this, a new synchronous switch technique using the cycle by cycle (CBC) trip function of the digital signal processor (DSP) is proposed. This proposed technique turns off the synchronization switch according to the set DCM level. Consequently, even at a low DCM level, the inductor current is clamped to zero, enabling stable synchronous switching. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Storage Technologies)
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13 pages, 3391 KiB  
Article
Designing High-Voltage and Large-Capacity Battery Packs for Fuel-Cell Hybrid Railroad Propulsion System
by In-Ho Cho, Byoung-Hee Lee, Seong-Yun Park, Joon-Hyoung Ryu and Jong-Hoon Kim
Electronics 2020, 9(8), 1259; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081259 - 06 Aug 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2872
Abstract
Due to the problem of global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions, internal combustion engines in a lot of transportation systems are being electrified. For the railroad propulsion system, it is essential to apply a high-voltage/large-capacity energy source in order to ensure that [...] Read more.
Due to the problem of global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions, internal combustion engines in a lot of transportation systems are being electrified. For the railroad propulsion system, it is essential to apply a high-voltage/large-capacity energy source in order to ensure that the system operates properly. Thus, fuel-cell and rechargeable battery systems are being considered nowadays. The battery system can receive and store all regenerative energy to improve energy efficiency. In addition, since the battery pack of a propulsion system utilizing a hydrogen fuel-cell requires continuous charging/discharging, regardless of the railroad vehicle’s driving profile, the battery pack is designed to ensure its stable use and to minimize maintenance costs. Consideration should be given to the characteristics of railroad vehicles. In this research, a hydrogen fuel-cell hybrid railroad vehicle propulsion system specification, which has been studied recently, was applied to study the considerations in the design of high-voltage/large-capacity battery packs for railroad vehicles. In particular, the passive and active cell-balancing circuit and an algorithm for the stable management of battery packs for hybrid railroad vehicles in which a continuous charging/discharging operation is repeated are proposed and verified through experiments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Storage Technologies)
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14 pages, 2704 KiB  
Article
An Analysis of Battery Degradation in the Integrated Energy Storage System with Solar Photovoltaic Generation
by Munsu Lee, Jinhyeong Park, Sun-Ik Na, Hyung Sik Choi, Byeong-Sik Bu and Jonghoon Kim
Electronics 2020, 9(4), 701; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9040701 - 24 Apr 2020
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4138
Abstract
Renewable energy generation and energy storage systems are considered key technologies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Energy system planning and operation requires more accurate forecasts of intermittent renewable energy resources that consider the impact of battery degradation on the system caused by the [...] Read more.
Renewable energy generation and energy storage systems are considered key technologies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Energy system planning and operation requires more accurate forecasts of intermittent renewable energy resources that consider the impact of battery degradation on the system caused by the accumulation of charging and discharging cycles. In this study, a statistical model is presented for forecasting a day-ahead photovoltaic (PV) generation considering solar radiation and weather parameters. In addition, the technical performance of energy storage systems (ESS) should be evaluated by considering battery degradation that occurs during the charge and discharge cycles of the battery. In this study, a battery degradation model based on the data-driven method is used. Based on a suitable forecasting model, ESS scheduling is performed to charge the maximum amount of PV generation and discharge for the self-consumption of the customer load when PV generation ends. Since the battery is highly dependent on operating conditions such as depth of discharge, state of charge and temperature, two different ESS charge and discharge modes are proposed. From the simulation with the battery degradation model using parameters derived from experiments, we show that the battery is degraded along with charging cycles during testing periods. Variations in state of health are observed owing to the different characteristics of the battery according to the ESS operation modes, which are divided into the low and high SOC. Through experimental validation, it is proved that the state of charge (SOC), 0.45 is the optimal threshold that can determine the low and high SOC. Finally, the simulation results lead to the conclusion that the battery degradation in different operation modes should be taken into account to extend the end of life efficiently. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Storage Technologies)
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