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Diagnostics
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NMR in Medicine
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NMR in Medicine

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 May 2015) | Viewed by 27702

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Krishan Kumar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Vaccine Translational Research Branch/VRP/DAIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH), 5601 Fishers Lane, Room 9B56, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
Interests: radiotracers; drug discovery; drug development; biomarkers; end point; therapeutic effect; drug efficacy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has become a routine technique in diagnostics imaging. Millions of MRI procedures are performed every year. It is a safe, non-invasive, and non-destructive tool for imaging soft tissues and for detecting tumors in many organs. Significant progress has been made since the first demonstration of the MRI in the 1970’s; increasingly sophisticated instrumentations and T1 and T2 MRI contrast agents (CAs) have been developed. For example, numerous CAs have become available commercially since the introduction of the first gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent in the 1980s. Subsequently, gadolinium-based CAs have become the subject of a black-box warning from the US FDA. This was due to reported serious side effects, termed Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis (NSF), in patients with impaired renal functions. Therefore, recent research has been focused on the development of a newer generation of MRI contrast agents with greater efficiency (high relaxivity), and increased safety (i.e., no loss of gadolinium in vivo) and targeting capability; these developments include several nanoparticle-based technologies.

Hybrid technologies involving PET/CT and SPECT/CT are being used routinely in the clinic with many thousands of scanners being used worldwide, while PET/MR imaging has been recently approved for clinical use. This encourages researchers to investigate the further development of SPECT/MR based technology. This Special Issue will provide a forum for communication among chemists, physicists, biologists, biochemists, and medical practitioners, such a radiologists. The issue will focus on research and review articles related to developments in MRI technologies, novel MRI contrast agents, clinical applications, and pharmacovigilance.

Dr. Krishan Kumar
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.


Keywords

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, NMR
  • NMR in Biomedicine
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MRI
  • Contrast Agents
  • MRI Contrast Agents
  • Enhanced Relaxivity
  • T1 Agents, T2 Agents
  • Nanoparticulate-Based MRI Contrast Agents
  • PET/MR, SPECT/MR
  • Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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5073 KiB  
Article
Molecular Imaging of Tumors Using a Quantitative T1 Mapping Technique via Magnetic Resonance Imaging
by Kelsey Herrmann, Mette L. Johansen, Sonya E. Craig, Jason Vincent, Michael Howell, Ying Gao, Lan Lu, Bernadette Erokwu, Richard S. Agnes, Zheng-Rong Lu, Jonathan K. Pokorski, James Basilion, Vikas Gulani, Mark Griswold, Chris Flask and Susann M. Brady-Kalnay
Diagnostics 2015, 5(3), 318-332; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics5030318 - 17 Jul 2015
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 6375
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) with molecular imaging agents would allow for the specific localization of brain tumors. Prior studies using T1-weighted MR imaging demonstrated that the SBK2-Tris-(Gd-DOTA)3 molecular imaging agent labeled heterotopic xenograft models of brain [...] Read more.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) with molecular imaging agents would allow for the specific localization of brain tumors. Prior studies using T1-weighted MR imaging demonstrated that the SBK2-Tris-(Gd-DOTA)3 molecular imaging agent labeled heterotopic xenograft models of brain tumors more intensely than non-specific contrast agents using conventional T1-weighted imaging techniques. In this study, we used a dynamic quantitative T1 mapping strategy to more objectively compare intra-tumoral retention of the SBK2-Tris-(Gd-DOTA)3 agent over time in comparison to non-targeted control agents. Our results demonstrate that the targeted SBK2-Tris-(Gd-DOTA)3 agent, a scrambled-Tris-(Gd-DOTA)3 control agent, and the non-specific clinical contrast agent Optimark™ all enhanced flank tumors of human glioma cells with similar maximal changes on T1 mapping. However, the retention of the agents differs. The non-specific agents show significant recovery within 20 min by an increase in T1 while the specific agent SBK2-Tris-(Gd-DOTA)3 is retained in the tumors and shows little recovery over 60 min. The retention effect is demonstrated by percent change in T1 values and slope calculations as well as by calculations of gadolinium concentration in tumor compared to muscle. Quantitative T1 mapping demonstrates the superior binding and retention in tumors of the SBK2-Tris-(Gd-DOTA)3 agent over time compared to the non-specific contrast agent currently in clinical use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue NMR in Medicine)
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Review

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Review
Contrast Enhanced MRI in the Diagnosis of HCC
by Eric Niendorf, Benjamin Spilseth, Xiao Wang and Andrew Taylor
Diagnostics 2015, 5(3), 383-398; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics5030383 - 21 Sep 2015
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 10935
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 6th most common cancer worldwide. Imaging plays a critical role in HCC screening and diagnosis. Initial screening of patients at risk for HCC is performed with ultrasound. Confirmation of HCC can then be obtained by Computed Tomography (CT) [...] Read more.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 6th most common cancer worldwide. Imaging plays a critical role in HCC screening and diagnosis. Initial screening of patients at risk for HCC is performed with ultrasound. Confirmation of HCC can then be obtained by Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), due to the relatively high specificity of both techniques. This article will focus on reviewing MRI techniques for imaging HCC, felt by many to be the exam of choice for HCC diagnosis. MRI relies heavily upon the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents and while primarily extracellular gadolinium-based contrast agents are used, there is an emerging role of hepatobiliary contrast agents in HCC imaging. The use of other non-contrast enhanced MRI techniques for assessing HCC will also be discussed and these MRI strategies will be reviewed in the context of the pathophysiology of HCC to help understand the MR imaging appearance of HCC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue NMR in Medicine)
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1075 KiB  
Review
Positron Emission Tomography in Breast Cancer
by Jose Luis Vercher-Conejero, Laura Pelegrí-Martinez, Diego Lopez-Aznar and María Del Puig Cózar-Santiago
Diagnostics 2015, 5(1), 61-83; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics5010061 - 16 Mar 2015
Cited by 38 | Viewed by 9453
Abstract
Gradually, FDG-PET/CT has been strengthening within the diagnostic algorithms of oncological diseases. In many of these, PET/CT has shown to be useful at different stages of the disease: diagnosis, staging or re-staging, treatment response assessment, and recurrence. Some of the advantages of this [...] Read more.
Gradually, FDG-PET/CT has been strengthening within the diagnostic algorithms of oncological diseases. In many of these, PET/CT has shown to be useful at different stages of the disease: diagnosis, staging or re-staging, treatment response assessment, and recurrence. Some of the advantages of this imaging modality versus CT, MRI, bone scan, mammography, or ultrasound, are based on its great diagnostic capacity since, according to the radiopharmaceutical used, it reflects metabolic changes that often occur before morphological changes and therefore allows us to stage at diagnosis. Moreover, another advantage of this technique is that it allows us to evaluate the whole body so it can be very useful for the detection of distant disease. With regard to breast cancer, FDG-PET/CT has proven to be important when recurrence is suspected or in the evaluation of treatment response. The technological advancement of PET equipment through the development of new detectors and equipment designed specifically for breast imaging, and the development of more specific radiopharmaceuticals for the study of the different biological processes of breast cancer, will allow progress not only in making the diagnosis of the disease at an early stage but also in enabling personalized therapy for patients with breast cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue NMR in Medicine)
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