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Dentistry and Dental Biomaterials
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Dentistry and Dental Biomaterials

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Surface Coatings for Biomedicine and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 17024

Special Issue Editors

Assoc. Prof. Jasmina Primožič

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Guest Editor
Department of orthodontics and jaw orthopaedics, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
Interests: mechanical and surface characteristics of dental materials; biocompatibility of dental materials; corrosion and tribocorrosion processes in the oral cavity
Prof. Dr. Vincenzo D'Antò

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Guest Editor
Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, NA, Italy
Interests: digital dentistry; biomaterials; orthodontics; clear aligners; sleep dentistry; temporomandibular disorders
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The long-term use of materials in the oral cavity is associated with several issues concerning their wear, biocompatibility, and performance. Different dental materials are in contact with either the hard dental tissues, gingival tissue, pulp, periodontal ligament, bone, or oral mucosa. Regardless of the specific field of use, all materials are subjected to chemical and mechanical wear, affecting their long-term use in the oral cavity. However, the degree of wear is highly associated with their specific application and microenvironment. Therefore, in vitro and in vivo studies should focus on the advancement of both the mechanical and biocompatibility characteristics of dental materials in order to improve their long-term use. Very similar materials can be used for various purposes among different fields in dentistry. Therefore, in dentistry, the development of new materials with better biocompatibility, mechanical, and surface characteristics is of great importance.

The aim of this Special Issue is to bring new insight into the mechanical, surface, and biocompatibility characteristics of materials used in dentistry and their improvements, such as different coatings, as well as the development of new materials to be used in dentistry.

In particular, the topics of interest include but are not limited to:

  • Dental materials in conservative dentistry, endodontics, orthodontics, prosthodontics, periodontology, and oral surgery;
  • Chemical and mechanical characteristics of dental materials and their improvements according to the field of use;
  • Corrosion and tribocorrosion of dental materials in the oral cavity;
  • Surface characteristics of dental materials and their improvements;
  • Biocompatibility of dental materials.

Assoc. Prof. Jasmina Primožič
Assoc. Prof. Vincenzo D'Antò
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 864 KiB  
Article
Differences in Metal Ions Released from Orthodontic Appliances in an In Vitro and In Vivo Setting
by Vito Kovac, Borut Poljsak, Matic Bergant, Janez Scancar, Uros Mezeg and Jasmina Primozic
Coatings 2022, 12(2), 190; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12020190 - 01 Feb 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1701
Abstract
The aim was to assess the composition of released metal ions from fixed orthodontic appliances both in an in vitro and in vivo setting and to compare their quantities to evaluate any possible health risks associated with them. For the in vitro setting, [...] Read more.
The aim was to assess the composition of released metal ions from fixed orthodontic appliances both in an in vitro and in vivo setting and to compare their quantities to evaluate any possible health risks associated with them. For the in vitro setting, a set of 24 as-received sterile SS brackets, 2 SS sterile archwires, and 2 NiTi sterile archwires were aged for 90 days in artificial saliva, and released metal ion concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), using matrix-matched standards for calibration. For the in vivo setting, 15 brackets, 15 SS, and 15 NiTi archwires were retrieved after 90 days of intraoral exposure in 15 subjects. Debris composition on each part of the orthodontic appliance was assessed using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The present study evidenced a difference in the composition of released metal ions from fixed orthodontic appliances detected in an in vitro and in vivo setting. Generally, the relative content of metal ions was higher in the retrieved debris than that released in artificial saliva. The concentration of released metal ions from all tested alloys was below the upper recommended limit of daily intake; however, possible local effects in terms of hypersensitivity due to their accumulation in the debris cannot be excluded even with such concentrations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dentistry and Dental Biomaterials)
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17 pages, 6302 KiB  
Article
Relevant Aspects of Piranha Passivation in Ti6Al4V Alloy Dental Meshes
by Nuno Cruz, Javier Gil, Miquel Punset, José María Manero, João Paulo Tondela, Pablo Verdeguer, Conrado Aparicio and Elisa Rúperez
Coatings 2022, 12(2), 154; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12020154 - 27 Jan 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2734
Abstract
Passivation of titanium alloy dental meshes cleans their surface and forms a thin layer of protective oxide (TiO2) on the surface of the material to improve resistance to corrosion and prevent release of ions to the physiological environment. The most common [...] Read more.
Passivation of titanium alloy dental meshes cleans their surface and forms a thin layer of protective oxide (TiO2) on the surface of the material to improve resistance to corrosion and prevent release of ions to the physiological environment. The most common chemical agent for the passivation process of titanium meshes is hydrochloric acid (HCl). In this work, we introduce the use of Piranha solution (H2SO4 and H2O2) as a passivating and bactericidal agent for metallic dental meshes. Meshes of grade 5 titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) were tested after different treatments: as-received control (Ctr), passivated by HCl, and passivated by Piranha solution. Physical-chemical characterization of all treated surfaces was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal microscopy and sessile drop goniometry to assess meshes’ topography, elemental composition, roughness, wettability and surface free energy, that is, relevant properties with potential effects for the biological response of the material. Moreover, open circuit potential and potentiodynamic tests were carried out to evaluate the corrosion behavior of the differently-treated meshes under physiological conditions. Ion release tests were conducted using Inductively Coupled Plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The antibacterial activity by prevention of bacterial adhesion tests on the meshes was performed for two different bacterial strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-) and Streptococcus sanguinis (Gram+). Additionally, a bacterial viability study was performed with the LIVE/DEAD test. We complemented the antibacterial study by counting cells attached to the surface of the meshes visualized by SEM. Our results showed that the passivation of titanium meshes with Piranha solution improved their hydrophilicity and conferred a notably higher bactericidal activity in comparison with the meshes passivated with HCl. This unique response can be attributed to differences in the obtained nanotextures of the TiO2 layer. However, Piranha solution treatment decreased electrochemical stability and increased ion release as a result of the porous coating formed on the treated surfaces, which can compromise their corrosion resistance. Framed by the limitations of this work, we conclude that using Piranha solution is a viable alternative method for passivating titanium dental meshes with beneficial antibacterial properties that merits further validation for its translation as a treatment applied to clinically-used meshes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dentistry and Dental Biomaterials)
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15 pages, 3995 KiB  
Article
Comparative Evaluation of Compressive Bond Strength between Acrylic Denture Base and Teeth with Various Combinations of Mechanical and Chemical Treatments
by Mohammed E. Sayed, Honey Lunkad, Ibrahim Fageeh, Mahdi Jaafari, Ali Tawhari, Turki Muaidi, Mesfer Ibrahim Alshehri, Ankur Jethlia and Saurabh Jain
Coatings 2021, 11(12), 1527; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11121527 - 11 Dec 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3051
Abstract
Debonding and detachment of artificial teeth from the denture base is frequently encountered in prosthodontic practice. This study aims to assess the effect of modifications in the ridge-lap surface of denture teeth with various combinations of mechanical and chemical surface treatments with hydrofluoric [...] Read more.
Debonding and detachment of artificial teeth from the denture base is frequently encountered in prosthodontic practice. This study aims to assess the effect of modifications in the ridge-lap surface of denture teeth with various combinations of mechanical and chemical surface treatments with hydrofluoric acid on bond strength with the acrylic denture base resin and to identify the failure modes (adhesive, cohesive, or mixed). Seventy acrylic resin teeth samples were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 10): a control group (unmodified) and six treatment groups, in which various combinations of mechanical and chemical surface treatments were performed. Then, these teeth were attached to a heat-cured denture base resin block at 45° angulation. The acrylized test samples were thermocycled, and the compressive bond strength was evaluated using a universal mechanical testing machine. The results suggest that roughening with diamond burs yields the highest bond strength, whereas etching/grooving and air abrasion result in the lowest bond strength. Acid etching complemented air abrasion to improve bond strength, while negative effects were noted with acid etching in other groups. Furthermore, roughening at the neck portion of the acrylic teeth can be used by the manufacturing companies as a standard to provide higher bond strength while maintaining the esthetics of the anterior teeth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dentistry and Dental Biomaterials)
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14 pages, 5224 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Nanostructured Alumina Coating on Bonding and Optical Properties of Translucent Zirconia Ceramics: In Vitro Evaluation
by Tine Malgaj, Tadej Mirt, Andraž Kocjan and Peter Jevnikar
Coatings 2021, 11(9), 1126; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091126 - 16 Sep 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2360
Abstract
Thin, non-retentive, monolithic restorations fabricated from novel translucent zirconia ceramics are widely used in contemporary dentistry. Because of the chemical inertness of zirconia, debonding of such restorations remains the main clinical complication. Limited evidence on the bonding performance of novel translucent zirconia exists; [...] Read more.
Thin, non-retentive, monolithic restorations fabricated from novel translucent zirconia ceramics are widely used in contemporary dentistry. Because of the chemical inertness of zirconia, debonding of such restorations remains the main clinical complication. Limited evidence on the bonding performance of novel translucent zirconia exists; therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, the shear-bond strength (SBS) of translucent zirconia modified with a nanostructured alumina coating (NAC). The SBS of resin cement to translucent zirconia, materials containing 3, 4 or 5 mol.% of yttria modified with NAC, was measured and related to airborne-particle abraded (APA) zirconia surfaces. Half of each of the specimen groups (n = 20) were subjected to 37,500 thermocycles in water. In addition, to evaluate the effect of NAC on thin translucent zirconia discs (n = 10), the translucency parameter (TP) was measured and compared with APA. The results were statistically analyzed using a t-test and one-way ANOVA. NAC provided higher resin-zirconia SBS compared to APA, not affecting the zirconia optical properties. APA, on the other hand, lowered TP for all types of zirconia. NAC did not impair the mechanical or optical properties of translucent zirconia materials and should be regarded as a zirconia pretreatment alternative to APA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dentistry and Dental Biomaterials)
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15 pages, 6966 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Bonding Strength between Various Dental Zirconia Models and Human Teeth for Dental Posts through In Vitro Aging Tests
by Shih-Chieh Lin, Wei-Chun Lin, Tai-Chia Hu, Min Yan and Cheng-Ming Tang
Coatings 2021, 11(9), 1017; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091017 - 25 Aug 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2893
Abstract
In dentistry, root canal treatment reduces support of the tooth, making it necessary to insert a cylindrical body into the treated tooth to strengthen the crown. In the past, metal or fiberglass was often used. However, metal is too different in color from [...] Read more.
In dentistry, root canal treatment reduces support of the tooth, making it necessary to insert a cylindrical body into the treated tooth to strengthen the crown. In the past, metal or fiberglass was often used. However, metal is too different in color from teeth, so the esthetics are poor, and fiberglass is not as strong as metal. Therefore, an alternative is zirconia, which has the characteristics of high light transmittance, esthetics, good biocompatibility, and high breaking strength. The surface morphology and composition of zirconia ceramics are the key to their bond strength with teeth. Therefore, in this study, the surface characteristics of different brands of zirconia commonly used in clinical practice were evaluated in terms of their surface morphology and surface elements. The surface was modified by sandblasting, and its effect on the bonding strength was discussed. Finally, the stability of the material was evaluated through artificial aging. The results showed that the surface roughness of the zirconia specimens increased after sandblasting, whereas the surface microhardness decreased. The shear test results showed that the 3D shape of the zirconia surface could help improve the bonding strength. The bonding strength of DeguDent increased the most after sandblasting. After 20,000 cycles of aging treatment, the shear strength of each specimen decreased. Field emission scanning electron microscopy results showed that the adhesive remained intact on the surface of zirconia, indicating that adhesion failure occurred between the adhesive and the teeth. This confirms that sandblasting can improve the bonding strength of zirconia. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the surface roughness of zirconia is the main factor affecting the bond strength. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dentistry and Dental Biomaterials)
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12 pages, 1979 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Microleakage Evaluation of Bioceramic and Zinc-Eugenol Sealers with Two Obturation Techniques
by Francesco De Angelis, Camillo D’Arcangelo, Matteo Buonvivere, Rachele Argentino and Mirco Vadini
Coatings 2021, 11(6), 727; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11060727 - 17 Jun 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3189
Abstract
Aim of the study is to compare the quality of the apical seal offered by a zinc-eugenol and a tricalcium-silicate-based sealer, both used with the single-cone or with the continuous wave of condensation technique. Forty central incisors were divided into four groups (n [...] Read more.
Aim of the study is to compare the quality of the apical seal offered by a zinc-eugenol and a tricalcium-silicate-based sealer, both used with the single-cone or with the continuous wave of condensation technique. Forty central incisors were divided into four groups (n = 10), according to the two sealers and the two obturation techniques under investigation, and their outer surface was isolated with nail varnish. After endodontic treatment, samples were immersed in methylene blue dye for 72 h, then included in self-curing resin and sectioned to longitudinally expose the canal apical third. The depth of dye penetration was measured in each group. Mean values were compared by two-way-ANOVA test. Multiple comparisons were performed by Tukey test. The level of significance was set at 0.05 in all tests. The continuous wave of condensation technique led to reduced microleakage. Moreover, dye penetration values were reduced for the tricalcium-silicate sealer. In terms of microleakage, the warm continuous wave of condensation technique seems promising even when combined to a bioceramic sealer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dentistry and Dental Biomaterials)
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