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Latest Review Papers in Molecular Biology 2024

A special issue of Current Issues in Molecular Biology (ISSN 1467-3045). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 6785

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Madhav Bhatia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
Interests: inflammation; acute pancreatitis; sepsis; burn injury; arthritis; hydrogen sulfide; substance P; chemokines; leukocytes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, entitled “Latest Review Papers in Molecular Biology 2024”, aims to collect comprehensive reviews in cutting-edge fields of molecular biology. We encourage researchers from related fields to contribute review papers that highlight the latest developments in molecular research, or to invite relevant experts and colleagues to do so. Full-length comprehensive reviews or new research advancements in molecular research will be preferred.

Topics include but are not limited to:

  • Molecular Biology;
  • Biochemistry;
  • Molecular Plant Sciences;
  • Molecular Microbiology;
  • Molecular Immunology;
  • Molecular Genetics and Genomics;
  • Molecular Informatics;
  • Molecular Oncology;
  • Molecular Neurobiology;
  • Molecular Pharmacology;
  • Molecular Biophysics;
  • Molecular Cell Biology;
  • Molecular Marine Biology;
  • Molecular Paleobiology;
  • Molecular Physiology;
  • Molecular Radiation Biology;
  • Molecular Reproductive Biology;
  • Molecular Zoology;
  • Structural Biology;
  • Systems Biology;
  • Molecular Pathology.

Prof. Dr. Madhav Bhatia
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Current Issues in Molecular Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • molecular biology
  • molecular plant sciences
  • molecular cell biology
  • molecular medicine
  • molecular pathology

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Review

15 pages, 943 KiB  
Review
Sudden Cardiac Death in the Young: State-of-the-Art Review in Molecular Autopsy
by Cecilia Salzillo, Vincenza Sansone and Francesco Napolitano
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(4), 3313-3327; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46040207 - 10 Apr 2024
Viewed by 404
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is defined as unexpected death due to a cardiac cause that occurs rapidly. Despite the identification of prevention strategies, SCD remains a serious public health problem worldwide, accounting for 15–20% of all deaths, and is therefore a challenge for [...] Read more.
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is defined as unexpected death due to a cardiac cause that occurs rapidly. Despite the identification of prevention strategies, SCD remains a serious public health problem worldwide, accounting for 15–20% of all deaths, and is therefore a challenge for modern medicine, especially when it affects young people. Sudden cardiac death in young people affects the population aged ≤ 35 years, including athletes and non-athletes, and it is due to various hereditary and non-hereditary causes. After an autopsy, if the cause remains unknown, it is called sudden unexplained death, often attributable to genetic causes. In these cases, molecular autopsy—post-mortem genetic testing—is essential to facilitate diagnostic and therapeutic pathways and/or the monitoring of family members of the cases. This review aims to elaborate on cardiac disorders marked by genetic mutations, necessitating the post-mortem genetic investigation of the deceased for an accurate diagnosis in order to facilitate informed genetic counseling and to implement preventive strategies for family members of the cases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Review Papers in Molecular Biology 2024)
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16 pages, 1757 KiB  
Review
Revisiting Neuroblastoma: Nrf2, NF-κB and Phox2B as a Promising Network in Neuroblastoma
by Sara Peggion, Safiullah Najem, Jan Philipp Kolman, Konrad Reinshagen and Laia Pagerols Raluy
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(4), 3193-3208; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46040200 - 06 Apr 2024
Viewed by 420
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common solid extracranial tumor during childhood; it displays extraordinary heterogeneous clinical courses, from spontaneous regression to poor outcome in high-risk patients due to aggressive growth, metastasizing, and treatment resistance. Therefore, the identification and detailed analysis of promising tumorigenic molecular [...] Read more.
Neuroblastoma is the most common solid extracranial tumor during childhood; it displays extraordinary heterogeneous clinical courses, from spontaneous regression to poor outcome in high-risk patients due to aggressive growth, metastasizing, and treatment resistance. Therefore, the identification and detailed analysis of promising tumorigenic molecular mechanisms are inevitable. This review highlights the abnormal regulation of NF-κB, Nrf2, and Phox2B as well as their interactions among each other in neuroblastoma. NF-κB and Nrf2 play a key role in antioxidant responses, anti-inflammatory regulation and tumor chemoresistance. Recent studies revealed a regulation of NF-κB by means of the Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) system. On the other hand, Phox2B contributes to the differentiation of immature sympathetic nervous system stem cells: this transcription factor regulates the expression of RET, thereby facilitating cell survival and proliferation. As observed in other tumors, we presume striking interactions between NF-κB, Nrf2, and Phox2B, which might constitute an important crosstalk triangle, whose decompensation may trigger a more aggressive phenotype. Consequently, these transcription factors could be a promising target for novel therapeutic approaches and hence, further investigation on their regulation in neuroblastoma shall be reinforced. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Review Papers in Molecular Biology 2024)
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20 pages, 749 KiB  
Review
Micro(nano)plastics and Their Potential Impact on Human Gut Health: A Narrative Review
by Carlo Covello, Federica Di Vincenzo, Giovanni Cammarota and Marco Pizzoferrato
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(3), 2658-2677; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46030168 - 21 Mar 2024
Viewed by 934
Abstract
Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) are becoming an increasingly severe global problem due to their widespread distribution and complex impact on living organisms. Apart from their environmental impact, the effects of MNPs on living organisms have also continued to attract attention. The harmful impact [...] Read more.
Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) are becoming an increasingly severe global problem due to their widespread distribution and complex impact on living organisms. Apart from their environmental impact, the effects of MNPs on living organisms have also continued to attract attention. The harmful impact of MNPs has been extensively documented in marine invertebrates and larger marine vertebrates like fish. However, the research on the toxicity of these particles on mammals is still limited, and their possible effects on humans are poorly understood. Considering that MNPs are commonly found in food or food packaging, humans are primarily exposed to them through ingestion. It would be valuable to investigate the potential harmful effects of these particles on gut health. This review focuses on recent research exploring the toxicological impacts of micro- and nanoplastics on the gut, as observed in human cell lines and mammalian models. Available data from various studies indicate that the accumulation of MNPs in mammalian models and human cells may result in adverse consequences, in terms of epithelial toxicity, immune toxicity, and the disruption of the gut microbiota. The paper also discusses the current research limitations and prospects in this field, aiming to provide a scientific basis and reference for further studies on the toxic mechanisms of micro- and nanoplastics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Review Papers in Molecular Biology 2024)
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28 pages, 4059 KiB  
Review
Use of Collagen in Cosmetic Products
by Barbara Jadach, Zofia Mielcarek and Tomasz Osmałek
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(3), 2043-2070; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46030132 - 04 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1466
Abstract
Collagen (CLG) belongs to the family of fibrillar proteins and is composed of left-handed α polypeptide chains, which, twisting around themselves and their axis, form a right-handed superhelix. In the chemical structure, it contains mainly proline, hydroxyproline, glycine, and hydroxylysine. It occurs naturally [...] Read more.
Collagen (CLG) belongs to the family of fibrillar proteins and is composed of left-handed α polypeptide chains, which, twisting around themselves and their axis, form a right-handed superhelix. In the chemical structure, it contains mainly proline, hydroxyproline, glycine, and hydroxylysine. It occurs naturally in the dermis in the form of fibers that provide the skin with proper density and elasticity. The review aimed to present the types of collagen protein, factors affecting its structure and its unusual role in the functioning of the human body. Also, an overview of cosmetic products containing collagen or its derivatives, the characteristics of the formulas of these products, and the effects of their use were presented. Throughout the market, there are many cosmetic and cosmeceutical products containing CLG. They are in the form of fillers administered as injections, belonging to the group of the oldest tissue fillers; products administered orally and for topical use, such as creams, gels, serums, or cosmetic masks. Analyzed studies have shown that the use of products with collagen or its peptides improves the general condition of the skin and delays the aging process by reducing the depth of wrinkles, improving hydration (in the case of oral preparations), reducing transepithelial water loss (TEWL), as well as improving skin density and elasticity. In addition, oral application of bioactive CLG peptides has shown a positive effect on the nails, reducing the frequency of their breakage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Review Papers in Molecular Biology 2024)
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12 pages, 733 KiB  
Review
Subjective Cognitive Decline and Genetic Propensity for Dementia beyond Apolipoprotein ε4: A Systematic Review
by Stefanos N. Sampatakakis, Maria Roma and Nikolaos Scarmeas
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(3), 1975-1986; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46030129 - 02 Mar 2024
Viewed by 726
Abstract
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) has been described as a probable early stage of dementia, as it has consistently appeared to precede the onset of objective cognitive impairment. SCD is related to many risk factors, including genetic predisposition for dementia. The Apolipoprotein (APOE) ε4 [...] Read more.
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) has been described as a probable early stage of dementia, as it has consistently appeared to precede the onset of objective cognitive impairment. SCD is related to many risk factors, including genetic predisposition for dementia. The Apolipoprotein (APOE) ε4 allele, which has been thoroughly studied, seems to explain genetic risk for SCD only partially. Therefore, we aimed to summarize existing data regarding genetic factors related to SCD, beyond APOE ε4, in order to improve our current understanding of SCD. We conducted a PRISMA systematic search in PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase databases using the keywords “subjective cognitive decline” and “genetic predisposition” with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. From the 270 articles identified, 16 were finally included for the qualitative analysis. Family history of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in regard to SCD was explored in eight studies, with conflicting results. Other genes implicated in SCD, beyond APOE ε4, were investigated in six studies, which were not strong enough to provide clear conclusions. Very few data have been published regarding the association of polygenic risk for AD and SCD. Thus, many more genes related to AD must be studied, with polygenic risk scores appearing to be really promising for future investigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Review Papers in Molecular Biology 2024)
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11 pages, 1939 KiB  
Review
A Narrative Review of Preclinical In Vitro Studies Investigating microRNAs in Myocarditis
by Olga Grodzka, Grzegorz Procyk and Małgorzata Wrzosek
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(2), 1413-1423; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46020091 - 06 Feb 2024
Viewed by 607
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization’s statement, myocarditis is an inflammatory myocardium disease. Although an endometrial biopsy remains the diagnostic gold standard, it is an invasive procedure, and thus, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging has become more widely used and is called a non-invasive [...] Read more.
According to the World Health Organization’s statement, myocarditis is an inflammatory myocardium disease. Although an endometrial biopsy remains the diagnostic gold standard, it is an invasive procedure, and thus, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging has become more widely used and is called a non-invasive diagnostic gold standard. Myocarditis treatment is challenging, with primarily symptomatic therapies. An increasing number of studies are searching for novel diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that decrease gene expression by inhibiting the translation or promoting the degradation of complementary mRNAs. Their role in different fields of medicine has been recently extensively studied. This review discusses all relevant preclinical in vitro studies regarding microRNAs in myocarditis. We searched the PubMed database, and after excluding unsuitable studies and clinical and preclinical in vivo trials, we included and discussed 22 preclinical in vitro studies in this narrative review. Several microRNAs presented altered levels in myocarditis patients in comparison to healthy controls. Moreover, microRNAs influenced inflammation, cell apoptosis, and viral replication. Finally, microRNAs were also found to determine the level of myocardial damage. Further studies may show the vital role of microRNAs as novel therapeutic agents or diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in myocarditis management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Review Papers in Molecular Biology 2024)
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0 pages, 1148 KiB  
Review
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Analogs as a Potential Molecular Biology Reagent
by Tsutomu Arakawa, Takako Niikura, Yoshiko Kita and Teruo Akuta
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(1), 621-633; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46010040 - 09 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1229
Abstract
In this study, we review the properties of three anionic detergents, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Sarkosyl, and sodium lauroylglutamate (SLG), as they play a critical role in molecular biology research. SDS is widely used in electrophoresis and cell lysis for proteomics. Sarkosyl and, [...] Read more.
In this study, we review the properties of three anionic detergents, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Sarkosyl, and sodium lauroylglutamate (SLG), as they play a critical role in molecular biology research. SDS is widely used in electrophoresis and cell lysis for proteomics. Sarkosyl and, more frequently, SDS are used for the characterization of neuropathological protein fibrils and the solubilization of proteins. Many amyloid fibrils are resistant to SDS or Sarkosyl to different degrees and, thus, can be readily isolated from detergent-sensitive proteins. SLG is milder than the above two detergents and has been used in the solubilization and refolding of proteins isolated from inclusion bodies. Here, we show that both Sarkosyl and SLG have been used for protein refolding, that the effects of SLG on the native protein structure are weaker for SLG, and that SLG readily dissociates from the native proteins. We propose that SLG may be effective in cell lysis for functional proteomics due to no or weaker binding of SLG to the native proteins. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Review Papers in Molecular Biology 2024)
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