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Updates on Lung Function, Respiratory and Asthma Disease in Children
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Updates on Lung Function, Respiratory and Asthma Disease in Children

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2024 | Viewed by 4762

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Michele Ghezzi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Allergology and Pneumology Unit, V. Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
Interests: asthma; bronchoscopy; bronchiectasis; cough; tracheomalacia
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Ahmad Kantar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Pediatric Asthma and Cough Centre, Instituti Ospedalieri Bergamaschi, University and Research Hospitals, Bergamo, Italy
Interests: cough; pediatric asthma; bronchitis; bronchiectasis; fespiratory and food allergy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is a pleasure to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue dedicated to respiratory diseases, in particular asthma and lung function in children.

The exponential increase in the prevalence of asthma and even severe asthma in children has prompted clinical activity and research focused on the study and monitoring of respiratory disease and function in children. The most recent challenge in this field is SARS-CoV2 infection and the monitoring of its possible long-term consequences in children.

Considering the success and popularity of the Special Issue "Lung Function, Respiratory and Asthma Disease in Children" previously published in the journal Children (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/children/special_issues/lung_function_respiratory_asthma_children), we are releasing a follow-up Special Issue with the aim of gathering original research papers and review articles related to respiratory diseases, asthma and lung function in children. We also welcome articles that discuss important advancements and novel interventions in SARS-CoV2 infection and its influence on lung function in children.

Dr. Michele Ghezzi
Prof. Dr. Ahmad Kantar
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • children
  • asthma
  • lung function
  • COVID-19
  • respiratory comorbidities

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Review

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12 pages, 1755 KiB  
Review
Recurrent Respiratory Infections in Children with Down Syndrome: A Review
by Michele Ghezzi, Nicolò Garancini, Raffaella De Santis, Laura Gianolio, Salvatore Zirpoli, Anna Mandelli, Andrea Farolfi, Enza D’Auria and Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
Children 2024, 11(2), 246; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11020246 - 15 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1273
Abstract
Down Syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality compatible with life. The life of patients suffering from DS can be strongly impacted by Recurrent Respiratory tract Infections (RRIs), leading to an increased rate of hospitalisation, a higher need for intensive care and [...] Read more.
Down Syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality compatible with life. The life of patients suffering from DS can be strongly impacted by Recurrent Respiratory tract Infections (RRIs), leading to an increased rate of hospitalisation, a higher need for intensive care and fatality. With a literature review, we summarise here the main etiological factors for RRI in this category of patients, particularly focusing on airway malformations such as tracheomalacia, tracheal bronchus and bronchomalacia, comorbidities associated with the syndrome, like congenital heart diseases, dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux, musculoskeletal involvement and obesity, and immunologic impairments, involving both innate and adaptive immunity. For these patients, a multidisciplinary approach is imperative as well as some preventive strategies, in particular vaccinations in accordance with their national schedule for immunization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates on Lung Function, Respiratory and Asthma Disease in Children)
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Other

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12 pages, 707 KiB  
Opinion
Hematopoietic Stem Cells Transplant (HSCT)-Related Chronic Pulmonary Diseases: An Overview
by Arianna Traunero, Francesca Peri, Laura Badina, Alessandro Amaddeo, Elettra Zuliani, Massimo Maschio, Egidio Barbi and Sergio Ghirardo
Children 2023, 10(9), 1535; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10091535 - 11 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1003
Abstract
Recipients of HSCT have a high risk of infective and non-infective pulmonary diseases. Most patients with pulmonary involvement present multiple pathogenetic mechanisms simultaneously with complex interactions. Therefore, it can be difficult to distinguish the contributions of each one and to perform studies on [...] Read more.
Recipients of HSCT have a high risk of infective and non-infective pulmonary diseases. Most patients with pulmonary involvement present multiple pathogenetic mechanisms simultaneously with complex interactions. Therefore, it can be difficult to distinguish the contributions of each one and to perform studies on this subject. In this opinion article, we discuss only chronic pulmonary manifestations, focusing on LONIPCs (late-onset non-infectious pulmonary complications). This term embraces drug-related toxicity, allergies, and chronic pulmonary graft versus host disease (GvHD) in all its recently identified clinical variants. Among LONIPCs, GvHD represents the most critical in terms of morbidity and mortality, despite the rapid development of new treatment options. A recently emerging perspective suggests that pulmonary lung rejection in transplant patients shares striking similarities with the pathogenesis of GvHD. In a pulmonary transplant, the donor organ is damaged by the host immune system, whereas in GvHD, the donor immune system damages the host organs. It constitutes the most significant breakthrough in recent years and is highly promising for both hematologists and thoracic transplant surgeons. The number of patients with LONIPCs is scarce, with heterogenous clinical characteristics often involving several pathogenetic mechanisms, making it challenging to conduct randomized controlled trials. Therefore, the body of evidence in this field is scarce and generally of low quality, leading to jeopardized choices in terms of immunosuppressive treatment. Moreover, it risks being outdated by common practice due to the quick evolution of knowledge about the diagnosis and treatment of LONIPCs. The literature is even more pitiful for children with pulmonary involvement related to HSCT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates on Lung Function, Respiratory and Asthma Disease in Children)
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14 pages, 577 KiB  
Perspective
Metabolomics Applied to Pediatric Asthma: What Have We Learnt in the Past 10 Years?
by Valentina Agnese Ferraro, Stefania Zanconato and Silvia Carraro
Children 2023, 10(9), 1452; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10091452 - 25 Aug 2023
Viewed by 829
Abstract
Background: Asthma is the most common chronic condition in children. It is a complex non-communicable disease resulting from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors and characterized by heterogeneous underlying molecular mechanisms. Metabolomics, as with the other omic sciences, thanks to the [...] Read more.
Background: Asthma is the most common chronic condition in children. It is a complex non-communicable disease resulting from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors and characterized by heterogeneous underlying molecular mechanisms. Metabolomics, as with the other omic sciences, thanks to the joint use of high-throughput technologies and sophisticated multivariate statistical methods, provides an unbiased approach to study the biochemical–metabolic processes underlying asthma. The aim of this narrative review is the analysis of the metabolomic studies in pediatric asthma published in the past 10 years, focusing on the prediction of asthma development, endotype characterization and pharmaco-metabolomics. Methods: A total of 43 relevant published studies were identified searching the MEDLINE/Pubmed database, using the following terms: “asthma” AND “metabolomics”. The following filters were applied: language (English), age of study subjects (0–18 years), and publication date (last 10 years). Results and Conclusions: Several studies were identified within the three areas of interest described in the aim, and some of them likely have the potential to influence our clinical approach in the future. Nonetheless, further studies are needed to validate the findings and to assess the role of the proposed biomarkers as possible diagnostic or prognostic tools to be used in clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates on Lung Function, Respiratory and Asthma Disease in Children)
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9 pages, 3536 KiB  
Case Report
Surgical Treatment of Lung Abscess Due to an Awn Aspiration in a 9-Year-Old Child: A Case Report
by Angelina Vlahova, Zdravka Antonova, Edmond Rangelov, Nikola Kartulev, Velichka Oparanova, Natalia Gabrovska, Albena Spasova, Svetlana Velizarova and Hristo Shivachev
Children 2023, 10(6), 910; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10060910 - 23 May 2023
Viewed by 1118
Abstract
Introduction: Foreign body aspiration is a common condition in the child population and is one of the leading causes of accidental deaths in children. The aspiration of an awn (grass inflorescences) is extremely rare. Aim of the study: This study aims to describe [...] Read more.
Introduction: Foreign body aspiration is a common condition in the child population and is one of the leading causes of accidental deaths in children. The aspiration of an awn (grass inflorescences) is extremely rare. Aim of the study: This study aims to describe the symptoms, diagnosis, therapeutic difficulties, and results of the aspiration of grass inflorescence. They are all related to the shape of the awn’s head and its behavior in the tracheobronchial tree. Case description: We present a 9-year-old boy with a history of an awn aspiration and recurrent respiratory infections. After antibiotic and symptomatic treatment, two bronchoscopies were performed, and both showed stenosis and obturation of the segmental and subsegmental bronchi of the left posterior basal segment, but no foreign body was found. After recanalization and continuous medicamentous treatment, a computed tomography (CT) verified the lung abscess. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) was performed, and an atypical lung resection was conducted. During the surgery, a foreign body—grass inflorescence from the species Hordeum murinum—was found in the resected tissue. The patient recovered uneventfully after the surgery. Conclusions: Grass inflorescence aspiration in the child population is an extremely rare event, and it represents a diagnostic and therapeutic issue. The exact timing of surgery is very important to reduce complications and avoid death. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates on Lung Function, Respiratory and Asthma Disease in Children)
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