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Chemosensors
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Low-Cost and High-Performance Gas Sensors: Materials, Design and Application
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Low-Cost and High-Performance Gas Sensors: Materials, Design and Application

A special issue of Chemosensors (ISSN 2227-9040). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Chemical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 9908

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jianxin Yi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
Interests: gas sensors; fire detection

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Gas sensors are of crucial importance for a wide range of applications in public safety, environmental monitoring, health diagnostics, food analysis, and industrial processes. While optimal sensor characteristics, such as high sensitivity, good selectivity, fast response and recovery, and long-term stability enable the reliable and early detection of analyte gases, cost effectiveness is a prerequisite for large-scale deployment, particularly in the era of the Internet of Things. To meet these requirements, numerous novel materials of various nanostructures and dimensions, including metals, metal oxides, carbon nanotubes, graphene, metal organic frameworks, and MXenes have emerge. Meanwhile, new concepts, methods, and techniques have been developed.

This Special Issue aims to highlight the state-of-the-art developments in the field of gas sensors and sensing technology, with an emphasis on materials and routes towards enhanced sensing performance and low costs. Both review articles and original research papers are welcome. Potential topics include, but are not limited to,

  • chemiresistive gas sensors
  • electrochemical gas sensors
  • field-effect transistor gas sensors
  • catalytic gas sensors
  • optical gas sensors
  • MEMS gas sensors
  • electronic nose
  • gas-sensitive materials

Dr. Jianxin Yi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Chemosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gas sensor
  • gas sensing technology
  • sensor array
  • gas-sensitive material
  • nanostructure
  • MEMS
  • semiconductor
  • electrochemical
  • optical

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 3156 KiB  
Article
Functionalized Carbon-Nanotubes-Based Thin-Film Transistor Sensor for Highly Selective Detection of Methane at Room Temperature
by Feifan Ji, Jinyong Hu and Yong Zhang
Chemosensors 2023, 11(7), 365; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11070365 - 29 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1274
Abstract
Gas sensors based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as channel materials have been widely considered as promising candidates for the detection of toxic gas. However, effectively detecting methane (CH4) with CNTs-based sensors remains challenging because nonpolar CH4 molecules find it difficult [...] Read more.
Gas sensors based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as channel materials have been widely considered as promising candidates for the detection of toxic gas. However, effectively detecting methane (CH4) with CNTs-based sensors remains challenging because nonpolar CH4 molecules find it difficult to directly interact with CNTs. Herein, a functionalized CNTs-based thin-film transistor (TFT) sensor is proposed for the highly effective detection of CH4 at room temperature, where CNTs with high semiconductor purity are used as the main TFT channel. The VO2 and Pd nanoparticles serve as surface-active agents to modify the CNTs, and the surface-modified CNTs-based gas sensor exhibits excellent gas-sensing properties for the detection of CH4. In particular, the Pd@VO2 composite-modified CNTs-based TFT sensor has excellent sensitivity to CH4 in the detection range of 50 to 500 ppm. The detection limit is as low as 50 ppm, and the sensor exhibits excellent selectivity and superior repeatability. The improved gas-sensing properties of the CNTs-based gas sensor is primarily attributed to the modification of the sensitive channel that can promote the electronic interaction between CH4 and gas-sensing materials. This study provides guidance for the development of high-performance CH4 sensors operating at room temperature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Cost and High-Performance Gas Sensors: Materials, Design and Application)
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15 pages, 7510 KiB  
Article
Accelerated Deactivation of Mesoporous Co3O4-Supported Au–Pd Catalyst through Gas Sensor Operation
by Xuemeng Lyu, Olena Yurchenko, Patrick Diehle, Frank Altmann, Jürgen Wöllenstein and Katrin Schmitt
Chemosensors 2023, 11(5), 271; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11050271 - 02 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1306
Abstract
High activity of a catalyst and its thermal stability over a lifetime are essential for catalytic applications, including catalytic gas sensors. Highly porous materials are attractive to support metal catalysts because they can carry a large quantity of well-dispersed metal nanoparticles, which are [...] Read more.
High activity of a catalyst and its thermal stability over a lifetime are essential for catalytic applications, including catalytic gas sensors. Highly porous materials are attractive to support metal catalysts because they can carry a large quantity of well-dispersed metal nanoparticles, which are well-accessible for reactants. The present work investigates the long-term stability of mesoporous Co3O4-supported Au–Pd catalyst (Au–Pd@meso-Co3O4), with a metal loading of 7.5 wt% and catalytically active mesoporous Co3O4 (meso-Co3O4) for use in catalytic gas sensors. Both catalysts were characterized concerning their sensor response towards different concentrations of methane and propane (0.05–1%) at operating temperatures ranging from 200 °C to 400 °C for a duration of 400 h. The initially high sensor response of Au–Pd@meso-Co3O4 to methane and propane decreased significantly after a long-term operation, while the sensor response of meso-Co3O4 without metallic catalyst was less affected. Electron microscopy studies revealed that the hollow mesoporous structure of the Co3O4 support is lost in the presence of Au–Pd particles. Additionally, Ostwald ripening of Au–Pd nanoparticles was observed. The morphology of pure meso-Co3O4 was less altered. The low thermodynamical stability of mesoporous structure and low phase transformation temperature of Co3O4, as well as high metal loading, are parameters influencing the accelerated sintering and deactivation of Au–Pd@meso-Co3O4 catalyst. Despite its high catalytic activity, Au–Pd@meso-Co3O4 is not long-term stable at increased operating temperatures and is thus not well-suited for gas sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Cost and High-Performance Gas Sensors: Materials, Design and Application)
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17 pages, 5047 KiB  
Article
MXene/NiO Composites for Chemiresistive-Type Room Temperature Formaldehyde Sensor
by Baoyu Huang, Xinwei Tong, Xiangpeng Zhang, Qiuxia Feng, Marina N. Rumyantseva, Jai Prakash and Xiaogan Li
Chemosensors 2023, 11(4), 258; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11040258 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2598
Abstract
In this work, MXene/NiO-composite-based formaldehyde (HCHO) sensing materials were successfully synthesized by an in situ precipitation method. The heterostructures between the MXene and NiO nanoparticles were verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The HCHO sensing [...] Read more.
In this work, MXene/NiO-composite-based formaldehyde (HCHO) sensing materials were successfully synthesized by an in situ precipitation method. The heterostructures between the MXene and NiO nanoparticles were verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The HCHO sensing performance of the MXene/NiO-based chemiresistive-type sensors was investigated. Compared to pure MXene and NiO materials, the sensing performance of the MXene/NiO-P2-based sensor to HCHO gas at room temperature was significantly enhanced by the formation of MXene/NiO heterojunctions. The response of the MXene/NiO-P2 sensor to 50 ppm HCHO gas was 8.8, which was much higher than that of the pure MXene and NiO. At room temperature, the detectable HCHO concentration of the MXene/NiO-P2-based sensor was 1 ppm, and the response and recovery time to 2 ppm HCHO was 279 s and 346 s, respectively. The MXene/NiO-P2 sensor also exhibited a good selectivity and a long-term stability to HCHO gas for 56 days. The in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the MXene/NiO-P2 sensor, when exposed to HCHO gas at different times, were investigated to verify the adsorption reaction products of HCHO molecules. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Cost and High-Performance Gas Sensors: Materials, Design and Application)
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12 pages, 11540 KiB  
Article
Enhancing the Potentiometric H2 Sensing of Pr0.1Ce0.9O2−δ Using Fe2O3 Surface Modification
by Liang Wang and Jianxin Yi
Chemosensors 2023, 11(4), 250; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11040250 - 17 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1164
Abstract
Monitoring the concentration of hydrogen is very important as it is a flammable and explosive gas. Non-Nernstian potentiometric hydrogen sensors hold promising potentials for the sensitive detection of hydrogen. This paper reports the improved H2-sensing performance of a mixed oxide ion-electron [...] Read more.
Monitoring the concentration of hydrogen is very important as it is a flammable and explosive gas. Non-Nernstian potentiometric hydrogen sensors hold promising potentials for the sensitive detection of hydrogen. This paper reports the improved H2-sensing performance of a mixed oxide ion-electron conducting (MIEC) Pr0.1Ce0.9O2−δ (PCO) electrode using Fe2O3 surface modification. The Fe2O3-modified PCO exhibited a high response of −184.29 mV to 1000 ppm H2 at 450 °C. The response values exhibited a linear or logarithmic dependence on the H2 concentration for below or above 20 ppm, respectively. A sensitivity of −74.9 mV/decade in the concentration range of 20–1000 ppm was achieved, and the theoretical limit of detection was calculated to be 343 ppb. Moreover, a power-law relationship between the response time and the concentration value was also found. Electrochemical impedance analyses revealed that the excellent H2-sensing performance may be attributed to the large ratio of the electrochemical activity of the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) over the oxygen exchange reaction (OER). In addition, the distribution of relaxation time (DRT) results reveal that the enhanced electrochemical kinetics caused by H2 presence in air is mainly related to acceleration of the electrode surface processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Cost and High-Performance Gas Sensors: Materials, Design and Application)
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13 pages, 4133 KiB  
Article
Facet-Dependent Gas Adsorption Selectivity on ZnO: A DFT Study
by Weile Jiang, Yong Xia, Aifei Pan, Yunyun Luo, Yaqiong Su, Sikai Zhao, Tao Wang and Libo Zhao
Chemosensors 2022, 10(10), 436; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10100436 - 21 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1641
Abstract
Semiconductor-based gas sensors are of great interest in both industrial and research settings, but poor selectivity has hindered their further development. Current efforts including doping, surface modifications and facet controlling have been proved effective. However, the “methods-selectivity” correlation is ambiguous because of uncontrollable [...] Read more.
Semiconductor-based gas sensors are of great interest in both industrial and research settings, but poor selectivity has hindered their further development. Current efforts including doping, surface modifications and facet controlling have been proved effective. However, the “methods-selectivity” correlation is ambiguous because of uncontrollable defects and surface states during the experiments. Here, as a case study, using a DFT method, we studied the adsorption features of commonly tested gases—CH2O, H2, C2H5OH, CH3COCH3, and NH3—on facets of ZnO(0001¯), ZnO(101¯0) and ZnO(101¯1). The adsorption energies and charge transfers were calculated, and adsorption selectivity was analyzed. The results show ZnO(0001¯) has obvious CH2O adsorption selectivity; ZnO(101¯0) has a slight selectivity to C2H5OH and NH3; and ZnO(101¯1) has a slight selectivity to H2, which agrees with the experimental results. The mechanism of the selective adsorption features was studied in terms of polarity, geometric matching and electronic structure matching. The results show the adsorption selectivity is attributed to a joint effort of electronic structure matching and geometric matching: the former allows for specific gas/slab interactions, the latter decides the strength of the interactions. As the sensing mechanism is probably dominated by gas–lattice interactions, this work is envisioned to be helpful in designing new sensing material with high selectivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Cost and High-Performance Gas Sensors: Materials, Design and Application)
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13 pages, 2736 KiB  
Article
Model Development for Alcohol Concentration in Exhaled Air at Low Temperature Using Electronic Nose
by Lidong Tan, Jiexi Wang, Guiyou Liang, Zongwei Yao, Xiaohui Weng, Fangrong Wang and Zhiyong Chang
Chemosensors 2022, 10(9), 375; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10090375 - 19 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1373
Abstract
Driving safety issues, such as drunk driving, have drawn a lot of attention since the advent of shared automobiles. We used an electronic nose (EN) detection device as an onboard system for shared automobiles to identify drunk driving. The sensors in the EN, [...] Read more.
Driving safety issues, such as drunk driving, have drawn a lot of attention since the advent of shared automobiles. We used an electronic nose (EN) detection device as an onboard system for shared automobiles to identify drunk driving. The sensors in the EN, however, can stray in cold winter temperatures. We suggested an independent component analysis (ICA) correction model to handle the data collected from the EN in order to lessen the impact of low temperature on the device. Additionally, it was contrasted with both the mixed temperature correction model and the single temperature model. As samples, alcohol mixed with concentrations of 0.1 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L were tested at (20 ± 2) °C, (−10 ± 2) °C, and (−20 ± 2) °C. The results showed that the ICA correction model outperformed the other models with an accuracy of 1, precision of 1, recall of 1, and specificity of 1. As a result, this model can be utilized to lessen the impact of low temperature on the EN’s ability to detect the presence of alcohol in the driver’s inhaled gas, strongly supporting its use in car-sharing drink driving. Other ENs that need to function in frigid conditions can also use this technique. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Cost and High-Performance Gas Sensors: Materials, Design and Application)
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