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Structural Health Monitoring of Masonry Buildings: Current Practice and Future...
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Structural Health Monitoring of Masonry Buildings: Current Practice and Future Challenges

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Structures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 December 2023) | Viewed by 6570

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Serena Cattari

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Associate Professor, Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genova, Via Montallegro 1, 16145 Genova, Italy
Interests: masonry existing buildings; numerical modelling; seismic risk; structural monitoring
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Philippe Gueguen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Isterre, Université Grenoble Alpes/Université Gstave Eiffel, 38610 Gières, France
Interests: structural health monitoring; seismic risk assessment; modal analysis
Dr. Ilaria Venanzi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Associate Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, 1, 06123 Perugia, PG, Italy
Interests: structural health monitoring; seismic risk assessment; historic buildings; digital twins and SHM data fusion
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue “Structural Health Monitoring of Masonry Buildings: Current Practice and Future Challenges” aims to collect and disseminate the most recent advances in the employment of structural health monitoring techniques for the condition assessment of existing masonry buildings. In this regard, original contributions on continuous monitoring and on-site static and dynamic testing of ordinary, strategic, and cultural heritage masonry constructions are invited, as well as advancements on SHM data analysis techniques for supporting the maintenance, preservation, structural assessment, and rehabilitation of the existing built asset. This Special Issue accommodates contributions dealing with advanced monitoring technologies and novel identification techniques, as well as with the fusion between heterogeneous experimental data and state-of-the-art analytical and computational models. The Special Issue welcomes applications focusing on single case studies as well as those addressed to the urban and territorial scales, in both ordinary and emergency conditions, exploring—among others—the topics of:

  • Integration of dynamic tests with other non-destructive techniques or static monitoring;
  • Innovative sensing technologies and monitoring networks, optimal sensor placement, and data fusion strategies;
  • Assessment of aging, degradation. and damage phenomena from monitoring data;
  • Real-time updating and employment of physics-based and surrogate digital twins;
  • Hybrid data-informed and model-driven methodologies for structural health diagnosis and prognosis;
  • Use of ambient vibration tests to calibrate numerical models or assess the effectiveness of strengthening interventions;
  • Early-warning systems and protection of the built heritage in seismic-prone regions;
  • Supporting decision-makers in the aftermath of a seismic event with damage/usability condition assessment.

Dr. Serena Cattari
Dr. Philippe Gueguen
Dr. Ilaria Venanzi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • masonry
  • vibration-based monitoring
  • dynamic identification
  • data fusion
  • damage assessment
  • built heritage conservation
  • digital twins
  • model updating
  • seismic monitoring

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 7651 KiB  
Article
Experimental Vibration Analysis in the Knowledge Process of a Historic Confined Masonry Building
by Concetta Tripepi, Fernando Saitta, Paolo Clemente, Giacomo Buffarini and Giovanni Bongiovanni
Buildings 2023, 13(10), 2560; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13102560 - 10 Oct 2023
Viewed by 965
Abstract
Experimental vibrational analysis is used in the knowledge process of a historic building, made of confined masonry, a construction system suggested in the reconstruction after the 1915 earthquake at Avezzano, Italy. The building was the primary subject of the usual experimental campaign to [...] Read more.
Experimental vibrational analysis is used in the knowledge process of a historic building, made of confined masonry, a construction system suggested in the reconstruction after the 1915 earthquake at Avezzano, Italy. The building was the primary subject of the usual experimental campaign to verify the structural geometry, the characteristics of the materials and the permanent loads. Then, a detailed experimental vibration analysis was carried out. Data were analysed both in the frequency and in the time domains. This combined approach allowed us to point out the importance of the floor deformability on the dynamic behaviour of the structure. A finite element model was set up using the equivalent frame method and calibrated on the basis of the experimental vibrational analysis results. The constitutive law of the confined masonry was fine-tuned, following the literature and present standard suggestions. The pushover analyses allowed us to uncover the behaviour factor of the structure and the seismic safety index, which was found to be quite low and very similar to that obtained via a response spectrum analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Health Monitoring of Masonry Buildings: Current Practice and Future Challenges)
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29 pages, 10173 KiB  
Article
An Equivalent Frame Digital Twin for the Seismic Monitoring of Historic Structures: A Case Study on the Consoli Palace in Gubbio, Italy
by Daniele Sivori, Laura Ierimonti, Ilaria Venanzi, Filippo Ubertini and Serena Cattari
Buildings 2023, 13(7), 1840; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13071840 - 20 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 902
Abstract
Recent advances in computing performance and simulation tools allow today the development of high-fidelity computational models which accurately reproduce the structural behavor of existing structures. At the same time, advancements in sensing technology and data management enable engineers to remotely observe monitored structures [...] Read more.
Recent advances in computing performance and simulation tools allow today the development of high-fidelity computational models which accurately reproduce the structural behavor of existing structures. At the same time, advancements in sensing technology and data management enable engineers to remotely observe monitored structures in a continuous and comprehensive way. Merging the two approaches is a challenge recently addressed by the engineering research community, which led to the concept of digital twin (DT)—a simulation model continuously fed by sensor data which, throughout the whole lifespan of the structure, stands as its digital proxy. In the seismic field achieving such a task is still problematic, in particular for large and complex structures such as historical masonry palaces. To this aim, the paper proposes the integrated use of DTs and vibration data to support the seismic structural health monitoring of monumental palaces, discussing a practical application to the historical Consoli Palace in Gubbio, Italy. To overcome the computational limitations of classical approaches, an efficient equivalent frame (EF) model of the palace is built and continuously updated in quasi real-time based on modal information identified from vibration data. The performance and accuracy of the Equivalent Frame model are compared with those of a high-fidelity Finite Element representation, highlighting both their feasibility and limitations. Employing modal data recorded across the 15 May 2021 earthquake, the EF model demonstrates the ability to quickly assess the structural integrity of the palace in the post-earthquake scenario, as well as to forecast the residual capacity with respect to future seismic events. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Health Monitoring of Masonry Buildings: Current Practice and Future Challenges)
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20 pages, 17938 KiB  
Article
A BIM-Based Model for Structural Health Monitoring of the Central Body of the Monserrate Palace: A First Approach
by Rita Machete, Mariana Neves, Madalena Ponte, Ana Paula Falcão and Rita Bento
Buildings 2023, 13(6), 1532; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13061532 - 15 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1375
Abstract
The preservation and safeguarding of built cultural heritage is a permanent concern for institutions. These structures were generally poorly prepared for movement triggered by natural disasters, a situation further complicated in the case of earthquakes, as each building has a unique structural dynamic [...] Read more.
The preservation and safeguarding of built cultural heritage is a permanent concern for institutions. These structures were generally poorly prepared for movement triggered by natural disasters, a situation further complicated in the case of earthquakes, as each building has a unique structural dynamic linked to its geometry, materials, method of construction and environmental conditions. The use of structural health monitoring (SHM) systems integrating monitoring techniques as well as inspection and structural analyses has gained great relevance in the appearance of low-cost IoT (Internet of Things) sensors on the market. In this paper, an IoT BIM-based solution is presented for real-time monitoring using low-cost sensors in the scope of building SHM systems. The case study takes place at the central body of the Palace of Monserrate, one of the most distinguished elements of the Cultural Landscape of Sintra. An H-BIM model was created in Autodesk Revit® software (version 2022 and 2023) based on a point cloud, and used as the basis for the numerical model developed in 3MURI. A MeM low-cost sensor was installed on the third floor of the central tower of the Monserrate Palace in Sintra, and the data gathered were recorded in the H-BIM model. The capacity to acquire real-time information on a structure’s vibration, both during normal operation and after an extraordinary occurrence, could allow the application of more effective maintenance and repair practices, resulting in lower operating costs and allowing for the best management of built cultural heritage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Health Monitoring of Masonry Buildings: Current Practice and Future Challenges)
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15 pages, 3131 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Vibration Detection Using Smartphones in a Two-Story Masonry-Infilled RC Frame Building
by Jae-Do Kang, Eun-Rim Baek and Sung-Ho Park
Buildings 2023, 13(4), 1069; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13041069 - 18 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1096
Abstract
For measuring the structural health of buildings, high-performance vibration detection devices are used in a structural health monitoring (SHM) system, which consists of a sensor and a data logger. Those devices are seismographs or devices with high-performance sensors which are expensive. Recently, smartphones [...] Read more.
For measuring the structural health of buildings, high-performance vibration detection devices are used in a structural health monitoring (SHM) system, which consists of a sensor and a data logger. Those devices are seismographs or devices with high-performance sensors which are expensive. Recently, smartphones are being used as seismographs to accumulate big data of earthquake wave detection because they have accelerometers of microelectromechanical systems. Since a smartphone has the functions of a detection sensor and a data logger, a low-cost SHM system can be developed by using a low-cost smartphone. In this paper, smartphones were used to confirm the possibility of the development of a low-cost SHM system. To evaluate the vibration detection performance from small displacement and large displacement, smartphones were installed in a specimen of a large shaking table test. The specimen is a scale model of a two-story non-reinforced masonry-filled reinforce concrete (RC) frame building. The natural period and interstory drift ratio were used as the evaluation criteria. The natural period estimated by the smartphone data agreed with that found by the piezoelectric accelerometer data. For estimating the building deformation, which is related to building stability, the measurement performance for large deformation using smartphones was evaluated. The smartphones have 90% or higher accuracies for the estimation of the maximum acceleration and displacement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Health Monitoring of Masonry Buildings: Current Practice and Future Challenges)
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24 pages, 19869 KiB  
Article
Implementation of a Condition Monitoring Strategy for the Monastery of Salzedas, Portugal: Challenges and Optimisation
by Eduarda Vila-Chã, Alberto Barontini and Paulo B. Lourenço
Buildings 2023, 13(3), 719; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030719 - 09 Mar 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1436
Abstract
The implementation of condition monitoring for damage identification and the generation of a reliable digital twin are essential elements of preventive conservation. The application of this promising approach to Cultural Heritage (CH) sites is deemed truly beneficial, constituting a minimally invasive mitigation strategy [...] Read more.
The implementation of condition monitoring for damage identification and the generation of a reliable digital twin are essential elements of preventive conservation. The application of this promising approach to Cultural Heritage (CH) sites is deemed truly beneficial, constituting a minimally invasive mitigation strategy and a cost-effective decision-making tool. In this light, the present work focuses on establishing an informative virtual model as a platform for the conservation of the monastery of Santa Maria de Salzedas, a CH building located in the north of Portugal. The platform is the first step towards the generation of the digital twin and is populated with existing documentation as well as new information collected within the scope of an inspection and diagnosis programme. At this stage, the virtual model encompasses the main cloister, whose structural condition and safety raised concerns in the past and required the implementation of urgent remedial measures. In the definition of a vibration-based condition monitoring strategy for the south wing of the cloister, five modes were identified by carrying out an extensive dynamic identification. Nonetheless, significant challenges emerged due to the low amplitude of the ambient-induced vibrations and the intrusiveness of the activities. To this end, a data-driven Optimal Sensor Placement (OSP) approach was followed, testing and comparing five heuristic methods to define a good trade-off between the number of sensors and the quality of the collected information. The results showed that these algorithms for OSP allow the selection of sensor locations with good signal strength. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Health Monitoring of Masonry Buildings: Current Practice and Future Challenges)
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