Regulation of the Hypoxic Response by Noncoding RNA

Dear Colleagues,

The imbalance between oxygen availability and demand at both tissue and cellular levels, termed “hypoxia”, activates the fast global reprogramming of gene expression in order to secure survival and to restore oxygen homeostasis. Furthermore, since the oxygen supply can be rapidly restored, the hypoxia response is also responsible for minimizing the risk of oxidative damage, as well as the timely activation of cell death in case the oxygen levels cannot be restored. Hence, the aptness to acquire the therapeutic regime upon the molecular mechanism underlying hypoxic response persists in the interest of modern therapeutic approaches for ischemic events, stroke, or myocardial infarction, as well as the majority of human tumors, macular degeneration, glaucoma progression, and diabetic retinopathy. However, although the Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIFs) have been recognized as master regulators of hypoxic response, specific disease-oriented therapeutic modulation of their activity remains very challenging. Notably, recent studies defined novel noncoding RNA-based mechanisms that provide a hypoxic response with novel regulatory circuits and thus therapeutic opportunities. MicroRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, PiRNA, and other RNA molecules can efficiently shape the course and effects of HIF activity and consequently decide the fate of hypoxic cells. Furthermore, the development of synthetic analogues of these molecules and dedicated delivery approaches opens new therapeutic opportunities that could change patients’ lives.

Taken together, this Special Issue focuses on both the biological and therapeutic role of noncoding RNA in governing cell signaling and fate under hypoxia or ischemia.

Dr. Rafał Bartoszewski
Guest Editor

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• miRNA
• lncRNAs
• morpholinos
• siRNA
• HIF
• piRNA
• hypoxia
• ischemia
• cancer
• cardiovascular diseases