The Effect of Food- and Nutrient-Derived Molecules on Cells and Tissue

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 1985

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy
Interests: enzyme kinetic; enzyme inhibition assays; nutraceuticals; natural or synthetic bioactive compounds; proteins purification; oxidative stress; antioxidants; cellular biochemistry
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Guest Editor
Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy
Interests: resveratrol; endothelial cells; oxidative stress; cardiovascular risk factors; molecules from natural extracts; endothelial progenitor cells; biomarkers; cardiovascular disease; polyphenols; biomaterials; antioxidant enzymes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nutrition and diet characterized by healthy components can exert positive effects at the cellular level.

Studies on molecular mechanisms modulated by natural extracts and the identification of biological effects are of great scientific interest.

The isolation and molecular characterization of these molecules from natural sources, associated with the study on cellular transport and proliferation, the regulation of enzyme activity, and pro- or anti-inflammatory effects, provides new knowledge in the biological field of nutrient-derived molecules.

In this Special Issue, we aim to provide new insights into naturally occurring molecules by encouraging authors to submit their research or reviews that will help to evaluate the nutraceutical role of naturally occurring molecules that could help to define the role of “functional foods”. In fact, the term “functional foods” should not only include their nutritional properties, but also their effects in terms of biological activity.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Roberta Moschini
Dr. Francesca Felice
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • natural products
  • molecules
  • nutrition
  • antioxidants
  • cell biology
  • metabolism

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 1824 KiB  
Article
SLC16a6, mTORC1, and Autophagy Regulate Ketone Body Excretion in the Intestinal Cells
by Takashi Uebanso, Moeka Fukui, Chisato Naito, Takaaki Shimohata, Kazuaki Mawatari and Akira Takahashi
Biology 2023, 12(12), 1467; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12121467 - 26 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1515
Abstract
Ketone bodies serve several functions in the intestinal epithelium, such as stem cell maintenance, cell proliferation and differentiation, and cancer growth. Nevertheless, there is limited understanding of the mechanisms governing the regulation of intestinal ketone body concentration. In this study, we elucidated the [...] Read more.
Ketone bodies serve several functions in the intestinal epithelium, such as stem cell maintenance, cell proliferation and differentiation, and cancer growth. Nevertheless, there is limited understanding of the mechanisms governing the regulation of intestinal ketone body concentration. In this study, we elucidated the factors responsible for ketone body production and excretion using shRNA-mediated or pharmacological inhibition of specific genes or functions in the intestinal cells. We revealed that a fasting-mimicked culture medium, which excluded glucose, pyruvate, and glutamine, augmented ketone body production and excretion in the Caco2 and HT29 colorectal cells. This effect was attenuated by glucose or glutamine supplementation. On the other hand, the inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex1 (mTORC1) recovered a fraction of the excreted ketone bodies. In addition, the pharmacological or shbeclin1-mediated inhibition of autophagy suppressed ketone body excretion. The knockdown of basigin, a transmembrane protein responsible for targeting monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), such as MCT1 and MCT4, suppressed lactic acid and pyruvic acid excretion but increased ketone body excretion. Finally, we found that MCT7 (SLC16a6) knockdown suppressed ketone body excretion. Our findings indicate that the mTORC1–autophagy axis and MCT7 are potential targets to regulate ketone body excretion from the intestinal epithelium. Full article
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