Molecular Basis of Bone Homeostasis and Skeletal Diseases

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2024 | Viewed by 1088

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L Pettis VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA
2. Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
Interests: bone formation; bone resorption; osteoclast; osteoblast; osteoclast differentiation; osteoclast dysfunction; osteoblast differentiation; osteoblast activity; osteoprogenitor; coupling factor; osteoporosis; bone homeostasis; soluble factor; extracellular vesicle; lysosome; exocytosis; hormone; signal pathways; anti-resorption; small molecular inhibitor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bone homeostasis involves both processes of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. In physiological conditions, bone resorption is coupled with bone formation to maintain bone homeostasis. The destruction of bone tissue by active osteoclasts facilitates growth factor release from resorbed bone matrices, resulting in increased osteoblast proliferation as well as differentiation and bone formation. There are several regulatory factors that mediate osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation and activity. The deficiency or mutation of those factors could cause osteopetrosis or osteoporosis. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the identification of novel gene mutations associated with skeletal diseases and small molecular inhibitors that regulate osteoclast and osteoblast function, and the generation of new humanized mouse models. While significant advancements have been made, these relatively new fields of research are rapidly expanding. For this Special Issue, we invite researchers to contribute with either original research (both in vivo or in vitro studies) or review articles focusing on the molecular basis of bone homeostasis and skeletal diseases (in mice or in humans) in addition to the identification of new therapeutic agents that target osteoclast function or osteoblast activity.

Dr. Weirong Xing
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • osteoclast

  • osteoblast
  • bone
  • skeletal disease
  • bone formation
  • bone resorption
  • osteoporosis
  • osteopetrosis
  • human genetics
  • mouse genetics

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 1818 KiB  
Article
Global and Conditional Disruption of the Igf-I Gene in Osteoblasts and/or Chondrocytes Unveils Epiphyseal and Metaphyseal Bone-Specific Effects of IGF-I in Bone
by Weirong Xing, Chandrasekhar Kesavan, Sheila Pourteymoor and Subburaman Mohan
Biology 2023, 12(9), 1228; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12091228 - 12 Sep 2023
Viewed by 825
Abstract
To evaluate the relative importance of IGF-I expression in various cell types for endochondral ossification, we quantified the trabecular bone at the secondary spongiosa and epiphysis of the distal femur in 8–12-week-old male mice with a global knockout of the Igf-I gene, as [...] Read more.
To evaluate the relative importance of IGF-I expression in various cell types for endochondral ossification, we quantified the trabecular bone at the secondary spongiosa and epiphysis of the distal femur in 8–12-week-old male mice with a global knockout of the Igf-I gene, as well as the conditional deletion of Igf-I in osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts/chondrocytes and their corresponding wild-type control littermates. The osteoblast-, chondrocyte-, and osteoblast/chondrocyte-specific Igf-I conditional knockout mice were generated by crossing Igf-I floxed mice with Cre transgenic mice in which Cre expression is under the control of either the Col1α2 or Col2α1 promoter. We found that the global disruption of Igf-I resulted in 80% and 70% reductions in bone size, defined as total volume, at the secondary spongiosa and epiphysis of the distal femur, respectively. The abrogation of Igf-I in Col1α2-producing osteoblasts but not Col2α1-producing chondrocytes decreased bone size by 25% at both the secondary spongiosa and epiphysis. In comparison, the deletion of the Igf-I globally or specifically in osteoblasts or chondrocytes reduced trabecular bone mass by 25%. In contrast, the universal deletion of Igf-I in all cells, but not the conditional disruption of Igf-I in osteoblasts and/or chondrocytes reduced trabecular bone mass in the epiphysis. The reduced trabecular bone mass at the secondary spongiosa in osteoblast- and/or chondrocyte-specific Igf-I conditional knockout mice is caused by the reduced trabecular number and increased trabecular separation. Immunohistochemistry studies found that the expression levels of chondrocyte (COL10, MMP13) and osteoblast (BSP) markers were less in the secondary spongiosa and the epiphyses in the global Igf-I deletion mice. Our data indicate that local and endocrine Igf-I act pleiotropically and in a cell type- and bone compartment-dependent manner in bone. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Basis of Bone Homeostasis and Skeletal Diseases)
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