Pathophysiology of Testis

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2025 | Viewed by 438

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Laboratorio de Regulación de la Espermatogénesis en el Testículo Normal y Patológico, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1421ABG, Argentina
Interests: spermatogenesis; germ cells; sertoli cells; sperm; inflammation; immune privilege; nanoplatforms; cell therapy; molecular biology

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Guest Editor
Laboratorio de Neuro-Inmuno-Endocrinología Testicular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Fundación IBYME, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADM, Argentina
Interests: testis; male infertility; inflammation; aging; oxidative stress; melatonin; prostaglandins

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires C1425EFD, Argentina
Interests: sertoli cells; germ cells; testis; proliferation; cell metabolism; metabolomics; cell biology; molecular biology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The male gonad has both endocrine and reproductive functions. Testicular development and spermatogenesis are under multiple levels of regulation. A complex network of intercellular communication exists between germ cells, Sertoli cells, peritubular myoid cells, Leydig cells, endothelial cells, and macrophages, which is regulated either by direct cell-to-cell contacts, cell-secreted factors—acting in a paracrine, autocrine or intracrine manner—the intercellular transfer of extracellular vesicles, and the phase-specific expression of microRNAs.

Disturbance at any level might alter steroidogenesis, cell energetic metabolism, cell proliferation, and/or sperm production and lead to infertility or subfertility.

This Special Issue aims to explore the molecular and cellular events that govern normal testicular development, testicular cell proliferation, the maintenance of energy balance and ageing, as well as testicular pathology of an immunological, inflammatory, genetic/epigenetic, or unknown etiology. Multi-omic approaches, including single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, metabolomics, and proteomics, contribute to a better understanding of testicular pathophysiology.

Male infertility due to testicular failure has traditionally been regarded as an unchangeable condition due to the lack of effective pharmacological therapies. We encourage research into approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of testicular pathology, which will improve the ability to employ evidence-based medicine in the treatment of 'idiopathic' male infertility.

Dr. María Susana Theas
Dr. Mónica Beatriz Frungieri
Dr. María Noel Galardo
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • testis
  • infertility
  • aging
  • inflammation
  • spermatogenesis
  • steroidogenesis
  • energy balance

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

22 pages, 5732 KiB  
Article
Impaired Spermatogenesis in Infertile Patients with Orchitis and Experimental Autoimmune Orchitis in Rats
by María Sofía Amarilla, Leilane Glienke, Thaisy Munduruca Pires, Cristian Marcelo Sobarzo, Hernán Gustavo Oxilia, María Florencia Fulco, Marcelo Rodríguez Peña, María Belén Maio, Denisse Ferrer Viñals, Livia Lustig, Patricia Verónica Jacobo and María Susana Theas
Biology 2024, 13(4), 278; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13040278 - 19 Apr 2024
Viewed by 348
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) is a well-established rodent model of organ-specific autoimmunity associated with infertility in which the testis immunohistopathology has been extensively studied. In contrast, analysis of testis biopsies from infertile patients associated with inflammation has been more limited. In this work, [...] Read more.
Experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) is a well-established rodent model of organ-specific autoimmunity associated with infertility in which the testis immunohistopathology has been extensively studied. In contrast, analysis of testis biopsies from infertile patients associated with inflammation has been more limited. In this work, testicular biopsies from patients with idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia diagnosed with hypospermatogenesis (HypoSp) [mild: n = 9, and severe: n = 11], with obstructive azoospermia and complete Sp (spermatogenesis) (control group, C, n = 9), and from Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS, n = 9) were analyzed for the presence of immune cells, spermatogonia and Sertoli cell (SCs) alterations, and reproductive hormones levels. These parameters were compared with those obtained in rats with EAO. The presence of increased CD45+ cells in the seminiferous tubules (STs) wall and lumen in severe HypoSp is associated with increased numbers of apoptotic meiotic germ cells and decreased populations of undifferentiated and differentiated spermatogonia. The SCs showed an immature profile with the highest expression of AMH in patients with SCOS and severe HypoSp. In SCOS patients, the amount of SCs/ST and Ki67+ SCs/ST increased and correlated with high serum FSH levels and CD45+ cells. In the severe phase of EAO, immune cell infiltration and apoptosis of meiotic germ cells increased and the number of undifferentiated and differentiated spermatogonia was lowest, as previously reported. Here, we found that orchitis leads to reduced sperm number, viability, and motility. SCs were mature (AMH-) but increased in number, with Ki67+ observed in severely damaged STs and associated with the highest levels of FSH and inflammatory cells. Our findings demonstrate that in a scenario where a chronic inflammatory process is underway, FSH levels, immune cell infiltration, and immature phenotypes of SCs are associated with severe changes in spermatogenesis, leading to azoospermia. Furthermore, AMH and Ki67 expression in SCs is a distinctive marker of severe alterations of STs in human orchitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathophysiology of Testis)
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