The Cellular and Molecular Bases of Circadian Clocks

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 5931

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, UMR 1110, Strasbourg, France
Interests: circadian clock; liver; NASH; fibrosis; epigenetics; metabolism; HCC

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is presumed that ancient biological clocks originally evolved in unicellular organisms to coordinate cellular metabolism as per environmental demands. In order to anticipate and respond to daily geophysical variabilities, species of many phyla, including metazoans, have evolved an endogenous “timing” device, i.e., the circadian clock. The mammalian “clock” system is a hierarchical network of biological oscillators that ensures the temporal control of physiology. Recent studies have started revealing the molecular links which could connect the clock system with different pathologies. However, our grasp of clock-controlled tissue-specific gene expression, and how it contributes to homeostasis at both the cellular and organismal levels, is still rudimentary. These investigations are essential to not only reveal the molecular mechanisms through which an “altered/broken” clock could possibly lead to the development of chronic disease, but also their therapeutic targeting.     

This Special Issue focuses on “The Cellular and Molecular Bases of Circadian Clocks”. The main objectives are to understand the mechanistic basis of clock functioning in health and disease.

This Special Issue welcomes the submission of original research and review articles focusing on the cellular and molecular aspects of the circadian clock, in addition to its relationship with pathologies and their therapeutic targeting. This Special Issue will enlighten readers about new discoveries, advances, and developments in the field of chronobiology.

Dr. Atish Mukherji
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

24 pages, 3075 KiB  
Review
Metabolic Basis of Circadian Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease
by Priya Rathor and Ratnasekhar Ch
Biology 2023, 12(10), 1294; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12101294 - 28 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1749
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. The management of PD is a challenging aspect for general physicians and neurologists. It is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. Impaired α-synuclein secretion and dopamine release may cause mitochondrial [...] Read more.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. The management of PD is a challenging aspect for general physicians and neurologists. It is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. Impaired α-synuclein secretion and dopamine release may cause mitochondrial dysfunction and perturb energy metabolism, subsequently altering the activity and survival of dopaminergic neurons, thus perpetuating the neurodegenerative process in PD. While the etiology of PD remains multifactorial, emerging research indicates a crucial role of circadian dysfunction in its pathogenesis. Researchers have revealed that circadian dysfunction and sleep disorders are common among PD subjects and disruption of circadian rhythms can increase the risk of PD. Hence, understanding the findings of circadian biology from translational research in PD is important for reducing the risk of neurodegeneration and for improving the quality of life. In this review, we discuss the intricate relationship between circadian dysfunction in cellular metabolism and PD by summarizing the evidence from animal models and human studies. Understanding the metabolic basis of circadian dysfunction in PD may shed light on novel therapeutic approaches to restore circadian rhythm, preserve dopaminergic function, and ameliorate disease progression. Further investigation into the complex interplay between circadian rhythm and PD pathogenesis is essential for the development of targeted therapies and interventions to alleviate the burden of this debilitating neurodegenerative disorder. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Cellular and Molecular Bases of Circadian Clocks)
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17 pages, 2138 KiB  
Review
Small Intestinal Microbiota Oscillations, Host Effects and Regulation—A Zoom into Three Key Effector Molecules
by Karina Ratiner, Tahel Fachler-Sharp and Eran Elinav
Biology 2023, 12(1), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12010142 - 16 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3697
Abstract
The gut microbiota features a unique diurnal rhythmicity which contributes to modulation of host physiology and homeostasis. The composition and activity of the microbiota and its secreted molecules influence the intestinal milieu and neighboring organs, such as the liver. Multiple immune-related molecules have [...] Read more.
The gut microbiota features a unique diurnal rhythmicity which contributes to modulation of host physiology and homeostasis. The composition and activity of the microbiota and its secreted molecules influence the intestinal milieu and neighboring organs, such as the liver. Multiple immune-related molecules have been linked to the diurnal microbiota-host interaction, including Reg3γ, IgA, and MHCII, which are secreted or expressed on the gut surface and directly interact with intestinal bacteria. These molecules are also strongly influenced by dietary patterns, such as high-fat diet and time-restricted feeding, which are already known to modulate microbial rhythms and peripheral clocks. Herein, we use Reg3γ, IgA, and MHCII as test cases to highlight the divergent effects mediated by the diurnal activity of the gut microbiota and their downstream host effects. We further highlight current challenges and conflicts, remaining questions, and perspectives toward a holistic understanding of the microbiome’s impacts on circadian human behavior. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Cellular and Molecular Bases of Circadian Clocks)
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