An Update on Cardiovascular Disease in Metabolic Syndrome: Causes, Consequences, Treatments, and Sex Differences

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (23 December 2021) | Viewed by 6039

Special Issue Editors


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Therapeutics and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: aortic aneurysm; cerebral ischaemia; stroke; reperfusion; brain damage; oxidative stress; inflammation; uric acid; rare diseases; Marfan syndrome

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Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
Interests: obesity; hypothalamus; metabolic syndrome; vascular function; endocannabinoids
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Health Education and Research Center, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cidade Jardim 78550-728, MT, Brazil
Interests: innate immune system; inflammation; hypertension; obesity; vascular dysfunction; vessels; early overnutrition; non fatty liver disease; oxidative stress; sex differences

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Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
Interests: vascular function; endothelium; developmental exposure to drug; oxidative stress; sex difference

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Pharmacology Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
Interests: estrogen; testosterone; steroids nuclear receptor; vascular dysfunction; metabolic syndrome; inflammation; prostanoids; postmenopausal women; cardiovascular disease; sex difference

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors (i.e., abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood glucose, high serum triglycerides, and low serum high-density lipoprotein) that increase the risk for health problems, including cardiovascular disease. The current evidence available indicates that the prevalence of all risk factors involved in metabolic syndrome will increase mainly because of lifestyle (e.g., diet and exercise). Therefore, it is crucial to deepen the knowledge and understanding of this clinical condition to revisit old targets or to unveil new targets for medical intervention.

The present Special Issue will address the causes, consequences, treatments, and sex differences of cardiovascular disease associated with risk factors (in clusters or standing alone) involved in metabolic syndrome. This issue wants to offer an up-to-date overview of all aspects of current cardiovascular research in metabolic syndrome, ranging from mechanistic in vitro, ex vivo or in vivo studies to clinical observations. Original research and review papers, commentaries, short communications, and perspectives are welcome. Topics covered include but are not limited to metabolic syndrome-related vascular and cardiac alterations, identification of reliable biomarkers of cardiovascular damage, lifestyle interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome in pregnancy and postmenopausal animal models, metabolic imprinting, sex and gender differences, novel approaches to develop targeted therapies, or the role of metabolic syndrome in COVID-19-associated cardiovascular complications. Manuscripts dealing with other relevant issues for metabolic syndrome will also be considered.

Dr. Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
Dr. Rosalía Rodríguez-Rodríguez
Dr. Gisele F Bomfim
Dr. Graziela S Ceravolo
Dr. Tiago J Costa
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Metabolic syndrome
  • Abdominal obesity
  • Hypertension
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Diabetes
  • Obesity
  • Dyslipidemia
  • High-density lipoprotein
  • Vascular alterations
  • Endothelial dysfunction
  • Sex differences
  • Sex hormones
  • Cardiovascular disease

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 7116 KiB  
Article
Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Tart Cherry Consumption in the Heart of Obese Rats
by Ilenia Martinelli, Daniele Tomassoni, Vincenzo Bellitto, Proshanta Roy, Maria Vittoria Micioni Di Bonaventura, Francesco Amenta, Consuelo Amantini, Carlo Cifani and Seyed Khosrow Tayebati
Biology 2022, 11(5), 646; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11050646 - 23 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2147
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, frequently related to oxidative stress and inflammation. Dietary antioxidant compounds improve heart health. Here, we estimate the oxidative grade and inflammation in the heart of dietary-induced obese (DIO) rats after exposure to a high-fat diet [...] Read more.
Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, frequently related to oxidative stress and inflammation. Dietary antioxidant compounds improve heart health. Here, we estimate the oxidative grade and inflammation in the heart of dietary-induced obese (DIO) rats after exposure to a high-fat diet compared to a standard diet. The effects of tart cherry seed powder and seed powder plus tart cherries juice were explored. Morphological analysis and protein expressions were performed in the heart. The oxidative status was assessed by the measurement of protein oxidation and 4-hydroxynonenal in samples. Immunochemical and Western blot assays were performed to elucidate the involved inflammatory markers as proinflammatory cytokines and cellular adhesion molecules. In the obese rats, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was accompanied by an increase in oxidative state proteins and lipid peroxidation. However, the intake of tart cherries significantly changed these parameters. An anti-inflammatory effect was raised from tart cherry consumption, as shown by the downregulation of analyzed endothelial cell adhesion molecules and cytokines compared to controls. Tart cherry intake should be recommended as a dietary supplement to prevent or counteract heart injury in obese conditions. Full article
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19 pages, 10322 KiB  
Article
Effects of ω-3 PUFA-Rich Oil Supplementation on Cardiovascular Morphology and Aortic Vascular Reactivity of Adult Male Rats Submitted to an Hypercholesterolemic Diet
by Mariely Mendes Furtado, Joana Érica Lima Rocha, Ana Victória da Silva Mendes, Renato Sampaio Mello Neto, Ana Karolinne da Silva Brito, José Otávio Carvalho Sena de Almeida, Emerson Iuri Rodrigues Queiroz, José Vinícius de Sousa França, Ana Lina de Carvalho Cunha Sales, Andreanne Gomes Vasconcelos, Wanessa Felix Cabral, Luana de Oliveira Lopes, Iolanda Souza do Carmo, Selma Aparecida Souza Kückelhaus, José Roberto de Souza de Almeida Leite, Adriana Maria Viana Nunes, Marcia dos Santos Rizzo, Antônia Maria das Graças Lopes Citó, Ana Karina Marques Fortes Lustosa, Massimo Lucarini, Alessandra Durazzo, Maria do Carmo de Carvalho e Martins and Daniel Dias Rufino Arcanjoadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Biology 2022, 11(2), 202; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11020202 - 27 Jan 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3096
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease associated with abnormalities of vascular functions. The consumption of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids can be considered a strategy to reduce clinical events related to atherosclerosis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of supplementation with 310 [...] Read more.
Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease associated with abnormalities of vascular functions. The consumption of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids can be considered a strategy to reduce clinical events related to atherosclerosis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of supplementation with 310 mg of ω-3 PUFAs (2:1 eicosapentaenoic/docosahexaenoic acids) for 56 days on rats with hypercholesterolemia induced by a diet containing cholesterol (0.1%), cholic acid (0.5%), and egg yolk. Serum biochemical parameters were determined by the enzymatic colorimetric method. Assessment of vascular effects was performed by analysis of histological sections of the heart and aortic arch stained with hematoxylin and eosin and vascular reactivity of the aorta artery. We observed that treatment with ω-3 PUFAs did not promote alterations in lipid profile. On the other hand, we documented a favorable reduction in liver biomarkers, as well as contributions to the preservation of heart and aortic arch morphologies. Interestingly, the vascular reactivity of rat thoracic aortic preparations was improved after treatment with ω-3 PUFAs, with a decrease in hyperreactivity to phenylephrine and increased vasorelaxation promoted by acetylcholine. Our findings suggest that the supplementation of hypercholesterolemic rats with ω-3 PUFAs promoted improvement in liver and vascular endothelial function as well as preserving heart and aortic tissue, reinforcing the early health benefits of ω-3 PUFAs in the development of atherosclerotic plaque and further related events. Full article
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