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Biology
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Mechanisms of Immunity and Disease Resistance in Aquatic Animals
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Mechanisms of Immunity and Disease Resistance in Aquatic Animals

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 2807

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Shihao Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
Interests: crustacean; innate immunity; pattern recognition receptors; antimicrobial peptides; hemocytes; apoptosis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Aquaculture is the fastest-growing primary industry for the production of animal protein. However, disease in aquatic animals is one of the main problems that results in a significant number of deaths and severe economic losses. Although extensive research has been undertaken in disease control and immunology in aquatic animals, much remains to be explored in addressing aquatic animal diseases. Regardless of environmental factors, host resistance is directly related to the outbreak of diseases, which is the theoretical basis for disease-resistance breeding. Bridging host immunity and resistance to specific pathogens will greatly help to understand the mechanisms of disease resistance and improve effective methods for disease resistance breeding.

The Special Issue welcomes original research and review articles that report the progress of research related to the mechanisms of immunity and disease resistance in aquatic animals. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, regulatory mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity, mechanisms of host defense against specific pathogens, the relationship between host immunity and disease resistance, and genetic markers for disease resistance.

Dr. Shihao Li
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • aquatic animals
  • disease-resistant
  • innate immunity
  • adaptive immunity
  • regulatory mechanism

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 850 KiB  
Article
Effects of Commercial Probiotics on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Microbiota and Intestinal Histomorphology of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Reared in Biofloc Technology (BFT)
by Ayesha Akter Asha, Mohammad Mahfujul Haque, Md. Kabir Hossain, Md. Mahmudul Hasan, Abul Bashar, Md. Zahid Hasan, Mobin Hossain Shohan, Nawshin Nayla Farin, Petra Schneider and Alif Layla Bablee
Biology 2024, 13(5), 299; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13050299 - 26 Apr 2024
Viewed by 282
Abstract
Though different types of commercial probiotics are supplemented in biofloc technology (BFT), very little information is available on their effects on the farmed fish. Therefore, this study focused on evaluating the effects of three most commonly used commercial probiotics on the growth performance, [...] Read more.
Though different types of commercial probiotics are supplemented in biofloc technology (BFT), very little information is available on their effects on the farmed fish. Therefore, this study focused on evaluating the effects of three most commonly used commercial probiotics on the growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, and intestinal microbiota of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in BFT. Tilapia fry, with an average weight of 3.02 ± 0.50 g, were stocked at a density of 60 fry/0.2 m3, and cultured for 90 days. Three commercial probiotics were administered, with three replications for each: a single-genus multi-species probiotic (Bacillus spp.) (T1), a multi-genus multi-species probiotic (Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Nitrosomonas sp., Nitrobacter sp.) (T2), and a multi-species probiotic (Bacillus spp.) combined with enzymes including amylase, protease, cellulase, and xylanase (T3). The results showed significant variations in growth and feed utilization, with T3 outperforming other treatments in terms of weight gain, liver weight, and intestine weight. Adding Bacillus spp. with enzymes (T3) to water significantly increased the histomorphological parameters (villi length, villi depth, crypt depth, muscle thickness, intestinal thickness) as well as microbes (total viable count and total lactic acid bacteria) of intestine of fish compared to T1 and T2, leading to improved digestion and absorption responses. It is concluded that the supplementation of commercial probiotics has potential benefits on farmed fish species in BFT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanisms of Immunity and Disease Resistance in Aquatic Animals)
29 pages, 7609 KiB  
Article
Transcriptome Profile Analyses of Head Kidney in Roach (Rutilus rutilus), Common Bream (Abramis brama) and Their Hybrids: Does Infection by Monogenean Parasites in Freshwater Fish Reveal Differences in Fish Vigour among Parental Species and Their Hybrids?
by Andrea Šimková, Kristína Civáňová Křížová, Kristýna Voříšková, Lukáš Vetešník, Vojtěch Bystrý and Martin Demko
Biology 2023, 12(9), 1199; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12091199 - 01 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1045
Abstract
Hybrid generations usually face either a heterosis advantage or a breakdown, that can be expressed by the level of parasite infection in hybrid hosts. Hybrids are less infected by parasites than parental species (especially F1 generations) or more infected than parental species (especially [...] Read more.
Hybrid generations usually face either a heterosis advantage or a breakdown, that can be expressed by the level of parasite infection in hybrid hosts. Hybrids are less infected by parasites than parental species (especially F1 generations) or more infected than parental species (especially post-F1 generations). We performed the experiment with blood-feeding gill parasite Paradiplozoon homoion (Monogenea) infecting leuciscid species, Abramis brama and Rutilus rutilus, their F1 generation and two backcross generations. Backcross generations tended to be more parasitized than parental lines and the F1 generation. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was lower in F1 hybrids and higher in backcross hybrids when compared to each of the parental lines. The main groups of DEGs were shared among lines; however, A. brama and R. rutilus differed in some of the top gene ontology (GO) terms. DEG analyses revealed the role of heme binding and erythrocyte differentiation after infection by blood-feeding P. homoion. Two backcross generations shared some of the top GO terms, representing mostly downregulated genes associated with P. homoion infection. KEGG analysis revealed the importance of disease-associated pathways; the majority of them were shared by two backcross generations. Our study revealed the most pronounced DEGs associated with blood-feeding monogeneans in backcross hybrids, potentially (but not exclusively) explainable by hybrid breakdown. The lower DEGs reported in F1 hybrids being less parasitized than backcross hybrids is in line with the hybrid advantage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanisms of Immunity and Disease Resistance in Aquatic Animals)
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13 pages, 2510 KiB  
Article
Two Independently Comparative Transcriptome Analyses of Hemocytes Provide New Insights into Understanding the Disease-Resistant Characteristics of Shrimp against Vibrio Infection
by Shihao Li, Keke Zhang, Wenran Du and Fuhua Li
Biology 2023, 12(7), 977; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12070977 - 10 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1025
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus carrying plasmid encoding toxins PirA and PirB is one of the causative agents leading to the severe disease of AHPND in shrimp aquaculture. However, there is a lack of deep understanding of the host-resistant characteristics against V. parahaemolyticus infection. Here, we [...] Read more.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus carrying plasmid encoding toxins PirA and PirB is one of the causative agents leading to the severe disease of AHPND in shrimp aquaculture. However, there is a lack of deep understanding of the host-resistant characteristics against V. parahaemolyticus infection. Here, we established a method to obtain hemocytes from shrimp with different V. parahaemolyticus-resistant abilities and performed comparative transcriptome analysis on the expression profiles at the background level of hemocytes from shrimp in two independent populations. Principal component analysis and sample clustering results showed that samples from the same population had a closer relationship than that from shrimp with similar disease-resistant abilities. DEGs analysis revealed that the number of DEGs between two populations was much more than that between V. parahaemolyticus-resistant and susceptible shrimp. A total of 31 DEGs and 5 DEGs were identified from the comparison between V. parahaemolyticus-resistant and susceptible shrimp from populations 1 and 2, respectively. DEGs from population 1 were mainly cytoskeleton-related genes, metabolic related genes, and immune related genes. Although there was no DEGs overlap between two comparisons, DEGs from population 2 also included genes related to cytoskeleton and metabolism. The data suggest that these biological processes play important roles in disease resistance, and they could be focused by comprehensive analysis of multiple omics data. A new strategy for screening key biological processes and genes related to disease resistance was proposed based on the present study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanisms of Immunity and Disease Resistance in Aquatic Animals)
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