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Biology
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Metabolic and Stress Responses in Aquatic Animals
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Metabolic and Stress Responses in Aquatic Animals

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Zoology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 3084

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marcelino Herrera

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
IFAPA Centro Agua del Pino, 21450 Cartaya, Spain
Interests: fish welfare; animal physiology; aquatic animals; aquaculture; stress; fish; metabolism
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Laura Fernández-Alacid

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: physiology; aquaculture; skin mucus; lipid metabolism; marine fish; acute stress; chronic stress; welfare
Dr. Ignacio Ruiz-Jarabo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departament of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: welfare; physiology; aquatic animals; endocrinology; fish; cephalopods; energy metabolism
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Stress is a complex and multifactorial process which is present in all living beings. It can be considered as a defence mechanism to face abiotic and biotic stimuli (stressors) that modify the basal state of the organism. Stress responses include physiological actions that usually entail whole-body metabolism to restore homeostasis through energy expenditure.

Aquatic animals are in an environment with certain physicochemical peculiarities and, therefore, they are challenged to different stimuli. Since there is an enormous diversity of aquatic species, their metabolic responses to stress are varied. In general, animals present a series of primary responses, of endocrine origin, that stimulate deeper (secondary) actions that require allostatic modifications in metabolism. Some of these responses include the mobilization of hormones, energy resources, activation of the immune system, or changes in the redox balance at the cellular level.

Studies on the stress in fish, cephalopods and other aquatic animals have become relevant in recent years due to the close relationship between stress and welfare. Those studies have been aimed at improving the knowledge on the welfare of those animals in captivity, for both aquaculture and exhibition purposes. Although significant progress has been made, many matters remain unclear mainly due to the high diversity of aquatic animals and their potential stressors.

Through the present Special Issue, we encourage researchers and technicians to submit their articles in order to get a deeper knowledge on stress and metabolic responses in aquatic animals. This Special Issue welcomes works related to physiological, endocrine, immunological, behavioural, and metabolic responses to stress in aquatic animals, including vertebrates and invertebrates, as well as wild and captive animals. The proposals involving animal welfare are of special interest, in addition to those reporting new analytical techniques or procedures to approach classical or common challenges.

Dr. Marcelino Herrera
Dr. Laura Fernández-Alacid
Dr. Ignacio Ruiz-Jarabo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • stress
  • metabolism
  • animal welfare
  • aquaculture
  • cephalopods
  • fish
  • molluscs
  • crustaceans
  • aquatic animals
  • animal physiology

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 6494 KiB  
Article
Toxicity of Ammonia Stress on the Physiological Homeostasis in the Gills of Litopenaeus vannamei under Seawater and Low-Salinity Conditions
by Yuxiu Nan, Meng Xiao, Yafei Duan and Yukai Yang
Biology 2024, 13(4), 281; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13040281 - 21 Apr 2024
Viewed by 376
Abstract
Ammonia is a major water quality factor influencing the survival and health of shrimp, among which the gill is the main effector organ for ammonia toxicity. In this study, we chose two types of Litopenaeus vannamei that were cultured in 30‰ seawater and [...] Read more.
Ammonia is a major water quality factor influencing the survival and health of shrimp, among which the gill is the main effector organ for ammonia toxicity. In this study, we chose two types of Litopenaeus vannamei that were cultured in 30‰ seawater and domesticated in 3‰ low salinity, respectively, and then separately subjected to ammonia stress for 14 days under seawater and low-salinity conditions, of which the 3‰ low salinity-cultured shrimp were domesticated from the shrimp cultured in 30‰ seawater after 27 days of gradual salinity desalination. In detail, this study included four groups, namely the SC group (ammonia-N 0 mg/L, salinity 30‰), SAN group (ammonia-N 10 mg/L, salinity 30‰), LC group (ammonia-N 0 mg/L, salinity 3‰), and LAN group (ammonia-N 10 mg/L, salinity 3‰). The ammonia stress lasted for 14 days, and then the changes in the morphological structure and physiological function of the gills were explored. The results show that ammonia stress caused the severe contraction of gill filaments and the deformation or even rupture of gill vessels. Biochemical indicators of oxidative stress, including LPO and MDA contents, as well as T-AOC and GST activities, were increased in the SAN and LAN groups, while the activities of CAT and POD and the mRNA expression levels of antioxidant-related genes (nrf2, cat, gpx, hsp70, and trx) were decreased. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of the genes involved in ER stress (ire1 and xbp1), apoptosis (casp-3, casp-9, and jnk), detoxification (gst, ugt, and sult), glucose metabolism (pdh, hk, pk, and ldh), and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (mdh, cs, idh, and odh) were decreased in the SAN and LAN groups; the levels of electron-transport chain-related genes (ndh, cco, and coi), and the bip and sdh genes were decreased in the SAN group but increased in the LAN group; and the level of the ATPase gene was decreased but the cytc gene was increased in the SAN and LAN groups. The mRNA expression levels of osmotic regulation-related genes (nka-β, ca, aqp and clc) were decreased in the SAN group, while the level of the ca gene was increased in the LAN group; the nka-α gene was decreased in both two groups. The results demonstrate that ammonia stress could influence the physiological homeostasis of the shrimp gills, possibly by damaging the tissue morphology, and affecting the redox, ER function, apoptosis, detoxification, energy metabolism, and osmoregulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic and Stress Responses in Aquatic Animals)
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15 pages, 2251 KiB  
Article
11-Deoxycorticosterone (DOC)’s Action on the Gill Osmoregulation of Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
by Rodrigo Zuloaga, Luciano Ahumada-Langer, Jorge Eduardo Aedo, Alfredo Molina and Juan Antonio Valdés
Biology 2024, 13(2), 107; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13020107 - 09 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1095
Abstract
In aquaculture, stress can negatively affect fish growth. For years, the cortisol hormone has been thought to play both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid functions. Nevertheless, recent research has suggested that 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC) released during stress could contribute to cortisol actions, though this process is [...] Read more.
In aquaculture, stress can negatively affect fish growth. For years, the cortisol hormone has been thought to play both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid functions. Nevertheless, recent research has suggested that 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC) released during stress could contribute to cortisol actions, though this process is still misunderstood. Here, we evaluated the DOC effects on physiological and early transcriptional responses by RNA-seq. Juvenile rainbow trout were treated with DOC and/or glucocorticoids (mifepristone) or mineralocorticoid (eplerenone) receptor antagonists. Subsequently, plasma was collected, and cDNA libraries were generated from the gills of vehicle (control), DOC, mifepristone, mifepristone with DOC, eplerenone, and eplerenone with DOC groups. Calcium and phosphate levels in plasma were changed. Results revealed 914 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) induced by DOC compared with control, mainly associated with sodium ion transmembrane transport, gluconeogenesis, negative regulation of transmembrane transport, and activation of innate immune response. DOC versus eplerenone with DOC comparison displayed 444 DETs related to cell-cell junction organization, canonical glycolysis, positive regulation of immune response, and potassium ion transport. Conversely, no DETs were detected in DOC versus mifepristone with DOC comparison. These data suggest that DOC has a relevant role in gill stress response and ion transport, which is differentially regulated by mineralocorticoid receptors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic and Stress Responses in Aquatic Animals)
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21 pages, 6319 KiB  
Article
Transcriptomics Reveal the Effects of Breeding Temperature on Growth and Metabolism in the Early Developmental Stage of Platax teira
by Ming-Jian Liu, Jie Gao, Hua-Yang Guo, Ke-Cheng Zhu, Bao-Suo Liu, Nan Zhang, Jin-Hui Sun and Dian-Chang Zhang
Biology 2023, 12(9), 1161; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12091161 - 23 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1074
Abstract
The growth, development, and survival of fish, especially in the early stages of development, is influenced by a complex of environmental factors, among which temperature is one of the most important. Although the physiological effects of environmental stress in fish have been extensively [...] Read more.
The growth, development, and survival of fish, especially in the early stages of development, is influenced by a complex of environmental factors, among which temperature is one of the most important. Although the physiological effects of environmental stress in fish have been extensively studied, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. However, recent advances in transcriptomic techniques have facilitated the study of the molecular mechanisms of environmental stress responses in aquatic species. Here, we aimed to elucidate the effects of breeding temperatures (21, 24, 27, and 30 °C) on the growth and nutrient metabolism in the early developmental stage of Platax teira, using transcriptomic techniques. Transcriptomic analysis identified 5492, 6937, and 4246 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the 21 vs. 24 °C, 27 vs. 24 °C, and 30 vs. 24 °C comparisons, respectively, most of which were involved in cell processes, single organism, metabolism, catalytic activity, and cell part, based on gene ontology (GO) functional annotations. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways related to metabolism of matter and energy, protein digestion and absorption, and glucose and lipid metabolism. Additionally, the expression of genes related to energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism in the fish liver was upregulated under a low-temperature condition (21 °C), although increasing the temperature within the acceptable threshold improved nutrient metabolism and growth in the fish. Meanwhile, nutrient metabolism and growth were suppressed by an extremely high temperature (30 °C) owing to oxidative stress. Overall, it was shown that nutrient metabolism pathways were involved in thermal stress responses in P. teira, and the optimal breeding temperature range was 24–27 °C. Through transcriptomics, the regulatory mechanism of larval development in P. teira under different growth temperatures was elucidated, with the goal of establishing a theoretical basis for industrial breeding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic and Stress Responses in Aquatic Animals)
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