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Bioengineering
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New Insights on the Blood–Brain Barrier and Brain Injury: Updates...
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New Insights on the Blood–Brain Barrier and Brain Injury: Updates and New Directions

A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354). This special issue belongs to the section "Regenerative Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 1327

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Allison Andrews

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Interests: blood–brain barrier; traumatic brain injury; tissue engineering; microfluidics
Dr. Brandon Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
Interests: host-pathogen interaction between bacterial pathogens and the human blood-brain barrier
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide an up-to-date review of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and its role in brain injury. The BBB is a complex structure that regulates the exchange of substances between the blood and the brain, and it plays a critical role in maintaining the homeostasis of the central nervous system. Brain injury can disrupt the BBB, leading to the infiltration of blood-borne cells and substances into the brain, and contributing to the development of neurological disorders.

This Special Issue will cover new insights into the mechanisms of BBB dysfunction in brain injury, including traumatic brain injury, stroke, neurodegenerative diseases and infections of the CNS. It will also highlight the latest developments in BBB imaging and therapeutic strategies that target the BBB to prevent or treat brain injury.

The scope of this Special Issue includes, but is not limited to:

  • Mechanisms of BBB dysfunction in brain injury;
  • BBB imaging techniques;
  • Therapeutic strategies for BBB protection and repair;
  • Neuroinflammation and BBB disruption in neurodegenerative diseases;
  • Regulation of BBB permeability and transporters;
  • Biomarkers of BBB integrity and injury;
  • Effects of bacterial and viral infection on the BBB.

The articles included in this Special Issue will provide a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to understanding the BBB and its role in brain injury, and will provide directions for future research in this important field.

Dr. Allison Andrews
Dr. Brandon Kim
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Bioengineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • brain injury
  • blood–brain barrier

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

22 pages, 6533 KiB  
Article
Engineered Dual Antioxidant Enzyme Complexes Targeting ICAM-1 on Brain Endothelium Reduce Brain Injury-Associated Neuroinflammation
by Brian M. Leonard, Vladimir V. Shuvaev, Trent A. Bullock, Kalpani N. Udeni Galpayage Dona, Vladimir R. Muzykantov, Allison M. Andrews and Servio H. Ramirez
Bioengineering 2024, 11(3), 200; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11030200 - 21 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1153
Abstract
The neuroinflammatory cascade triggered by traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a clinically important point for therapeutic intervention. Neuroinflammation generates oxidative stress in the form of high-energy reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which are key mediators of TBI pathology. The role of the blood–brain [...] Read more.
The neuroinflammatory cascade triggered by traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a clinically important point for therapeutic intervention. Neuroinflammation generates oxidative stress in the form of high-energy reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which are key mediators of TBI pathology. The role of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is essential for proper neuronal function and is vulnerable to oxidative stress. Results herein explore the notion that attenuating oxidative stress at the vasculature after TBI may result in improved BBB integrity and neuroprotection. Utilizing amino-chemistry, a biological construct (designated “dual conjugate” for short) was generated by covalently binding two antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1) and catalase (CAT)) to antibodies specific for ICAM-1. Bioengineering of the conjugate preserved its targeting and enzymatic functions, as evaluated by real-time bioenergetic measurements (via the Seahorse-XF platform), in brain endothelial cells exposed to increasing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide or a superoxide anion donor. Results showed that the dual conjugate effectively mitigated the mitochondrial stress due to oxidative damage. Furthermore, dual conjugate administration also improved BBB and endothelial protection under oxidative insult in an in vitro model of TBI utilizing a software-controlled stretching device that induces a 20% in mechanical strain on the endothelial cells. Additionally, the dual conjugate was also effective in reducing indices of neuroinflammation in a controlled cortical impact (CCI)-TBI animal model. Thus, these studies provide proof of concept that targeted dual antioxidant biologicals may offer a means to regulate oxidative stress-associated cellular damage during neurotrauma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights on the Blood–Brain Barrier and Brain Injury: Updates and New Directions)
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