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Atmosphere
Special Issues
Oxidative Properties and ROS Activity of Ambient Particles
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Oxidative Properties and ROS Activity of Ambient Particles

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Air Quality".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2020) | Viewed by 9544

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Vishal Verma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA
Interests: oxidative properties; health effects; toxicity; ambient aerosols

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The epidemiological and toxicological research conducted in the last few decades has associated particulate matter (PM) with both respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. However, the heterogeneous and inconsistent nature of these associations suggests that not all components of PM are equally toxic. The capability of ambient particles to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), conveniently called the ROS activity or the oxidative potential, is proposed as a better metric for relating PM pollution with health effects. Several recent epidemiological and clinical investigations also corroborate this hypothesis. We invite researchers to contribute original research articles, as well as review articles, dealing with all aspects of PM oxidative potential. Topics of interest include but are not limited to:

Methods and instruments to measure PM associated ROS and oxidative potential;

Association of PM oxidative potential to chemical composition;

Source apportionment for PM-associated ROS and oxidative potential;

Cellular oxidative stress induced by the ambient particulate matter;

Association between acellular and cellular measures of PM oxidative potential;

Integration of PM oxidative potential in epidemiological studies.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to publish cutting-edge research spanning across different aspects of this emerging field and identify the needs for future research in the area.

 

Dr. Vishal Verma
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Reactive oxygen species
  • Oxidative potential
  • Oxidative stress
  • PM2.5 toxicity
  • PM2.5 chemical composition

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 1334 KiB  
Article
Phosphate Buffer Solubility and Oxidative Potential of Single Metals or Multielement Particles of Welding Fumes
by Manuella Ghanem, Esperanza Perdrix, Laurent Yves Alleman, Davy Rousset and Patrice Coddeville
Atmosphere 2021, 12(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12010030 - 28 Dec 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3811
Abstract
To evaluate the chemical behavior and the health impact of welding fumes (WF), a complex and heterogeneous mixture of particulate metal oxides, two certified reference materials (CRMs) were tested: mild steel WF (MSWF-1) and stainless steel WF (SSWF-1). We determined their total chemical [...] Read more.
To evaluate the chemical behavior and the health impact of welding fumes (WF), a complex and heterogeneous mixture of particulate metal oxides, two certified reference materials (CRMs) were tested: mild steel WF (MSWF-1) and stainless steel WF (SSWF-1). We determined their total chemical composition, their solubility, and their oxidative potential in a phosphate buffer (PB) solution under physiological conditions (pH 7.4 and 37 °C). The oxidative potential (OPDTT) of WF CRMs was evaluated using an acellular method by following the dithiothreitol (DTT) consumption rate (µmol DTT L−1 min−1). Pure metal salts present in the PB soluble fraction of the WF CRMs were tested individually at equivalent molarity to estimate their specific contribution to the total OPDTT. The metal composition of MSWF-1 consisted mainly of Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu and the SSWF-1 composition consisted mainly of Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn, in diminishing order. The metal PB solubility decreased from Cu (11%) to Fe (approximately 0.2%) for MSWF-1 and from Mn (9%) to Fe (<1%) for SSWF-1. The total OPDTT of SSWF-1 is 2.2 times the OPDTT of MSWF-1 due to the difference in oxidative capacity of soluble transition metals. Cu (II) and Mn (II) are the most sensitive towards DTT while Cr (VI), Fe (III), and Zn (II) are barely reactive, even at higher concentrations. The OPDTT measured for both WF CRMs extracts compare well with simulated extracts containing the main metals at their respective PB-soluble concentrations. The most soluble transition metals in the simulated extract, Mn (II) and Cu (II), were the main contributors to OPDTT in WF CRMs extracts. Mn (II), Cu (II), and Ni (II) might enhance the DTT oxidation by a redox catalytic reaction. However, summing the main individual soluble metal DTT response induces a large overestimation probably linked to modifications in the speciation of various metals when mixed. The complexation of metals with different ligands present in solution and the interaction between metals in the PB-soluble fraction are important phenomena that can influence OPDTT depletion and therefore the potential health effect of inhaled WF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Properties and ROS Activity of Ambient Particles)
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33 pages, 5196 KiB  
Article
Effect of Renewable Fuels and Intake O2 Concentration on Diesel Engine Emission Characteristics and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Formation
by Louise Gren, Vilhelm B. Malmborg, Nicklas R. Jacobsen, Pravesh C. Shukla, Katja M. Bendtsen, Axel C. Eriksson, Yona J. Essig, Annette M. Krais, Katrin Loeschner, Sam Shamun, Bo Strandberg, Martin Tunér, Ulla Vogel and Joakim Pagels
Atmosphere 2020, 11(6), 641; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11060641 - 16 Jun 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 5119
Abstract
Renewable diesel fuels have the potential to reduce net CO2 emissions, and simultaneously decrease particulate matter (PM) emissions. This study characterized engine-out PM emissions and PM-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation potential. Emissions from a modern heavy-duty diesel engine without external aftertreatment [...] Read more.
Renewable diesel fuels have the potential to reduce net CO2 emissions, and simultaneously decrease particulate matter (PM) emissions. This study characterized engine-out PM emissions and PM-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation potential. Emissions from a modern heavy-duty diesel engine without external aftertreatment devices, and fueled with petroleum diesel, hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) or rapeseed methyl ester (RME) biodiesel were studied. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) allowed us to probe the effect of air intake O2 concentration, and thereby combustion temperature, on emissions and ROS formation potential. An increasing level of EGR (decreasing O2 concentration) resulted in a general increase of equivalent black carbon (eBC) emissions and decrease of NOx emissions. At a medium level of EGR (13% intake O2), eBC emissions were reduced for HVO and RME by 30 and 54% respectively compared to petroleum diesel. In general, substantially lower emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including nitro and oxy-PAHs, were observed for RME compared to both HVO and diesel. At low-temperature combustion (LTC, O2 < 10%), CO and hydrocarbon gas emissions increased and an increased fraction of refractory organic carbon and PAHs were found in the particle phase. These altered soot properties have implications for the design of aftertreatment systems and diesel PM measurements with optical techniques. The ROS formation potential per mass of particles increased with increasing engine O2 concentration intake. We hypothesize that this is because soot surface properties evolve with the combustion temperature and become more active as the soot matures into refractory BC, and secondly as the soot surface becomes altered by surface oxidation. At 13% intake O2, the ROS-producing ability was high and of similar magnitude per mass for all fuels. When normalizing by energy output, the lowered emissions for the renewable fuels led to a reduced ROS formation potential. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Properties and ROS Activity of Ambient Particles)
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