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Atmosphere
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Roadside Air Pollution
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Roadside Air Pollution

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Air Quality".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2020) | Viewed by 13570

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Kyung-Hwan Kwak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
Interests: urban air quality; local-scale dispersion; mobile monitoring; sensor measurement network; dispersion model; CFD model
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Roadside air pollution is closely related with human health. In roadside environments, people are easily exposed to harmful pollutants such as nanoparticles, black carbon (BC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). As diesel engine exhaust was classified as “carcinogenic to humans” (IARC, 2012), we have been making a great effort to regulate vehicle exhaust emissions over the world. In addition, non-exhaust emission from road dust resuspension and tire and brake wear is another concern. To solve this, real-world monitoring and modeling in roadside environments are necessary, because elevated air pollution levels are generally localized phenomena. We invite you to consider submitting your research for publication in this Special Issue of the journal, focusing on “Roadside Air Pollution”. The aim of this Special Issue is to report and review recent achievements on relevant topics including on-road measurement, mobile monitoring, atmospheric dispersion using a CFD model, vehicle exhaust emission, aerosol dynamics in near-road environments, NOx–O3–VOCs chemistry, effects of buildings and trees on roadside air quality, roadside exposure assessment, etc.

Prof. Dr. Kyung-Hwan Kwak
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • vehicle exhaust
  • traffic composition
  • nanoparticles
  • aerosols
  • NO2/NOx ratio
  • atmospheric dispersion
  • street canyon
  • road intersection
  • modeling and monitoring
  • exposure assessment

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 7451 KiB  
Article
Spatial Mapping of a Highly Non-Uniform Distribution of Particle-Bound PAH in a Densely Populated Urban Area
by Kyung Hwan Kim, Kyung-Hwan Kwak, Jae Young Lee, Sung Ho Woo, Jong Bum Kim, Seung-Bok Lee, Sung Hee Ryu, Chang Hyeok Kim, Gwi-Nam Bae and Inbo Oh
Atmosphere 2020, 11(5), 496; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11050496 - 12 May 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2375
Abstract
In this work, a 2-D gridded air pollution map with a high resolution of 50 × 50 m2 was proposed to help the exposure assessment studies focusing on the association between air pollutants and their health effects. To establish a reliable air [...] Read more.
In this work, a 2-D gridded air pollution map with a high resolution of 50 × 50 m2 was proposed to help the exposure assessment studies focusing on the association between air pollutants and their health effects. To establish a reliable air pollution map in a 2 × 2 km2 urban area, a mobile monitoring procedure and a data process were developed. Among the various vehicle-related air pollutants, the particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pPAH) was chosen as a sensitive indicator. The average pPAH concentration on major roads (293.1 ng/m3) was found to be 35 times higher than that at a background location (8.4 ng/m3). Based on the cell-based pPAH concentrations, the 50 × 50 m2 cells in the air pollution map were categorized into five pollution levels. The higher air pollution levels were generally shown by the cells close to the major traffic emission points. The proposed map can be used to make various policies regarding land use and traffic flow control in urban areas. Estimation of the personal exposure level to air pollutants is possible at a reliable location using the highly resolved 2-D gridded air pollution map in exposure assessment studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Roadside Air Pollution)
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17 pages, 5947 KiB  
Article
Measuring on-Road Vehicle Hot Running NOx Emissions with a Combined Remote Sensing–Dynamometer Study
by Robin Smit and Daniel Kennedy
Atmosphere 2020, 11(3), 294; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11030294 - 16 Mar 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3069
Abstract
This study explores the correlation in measured hot running NO/CO2 ratios by a remote sensing device (RSD) and dynamometer testing. Two large diesel cars (E4/E5) are tested on the dynamometer in hot running conditions using a new drive cycle developed for this [...] Read more.
This study explores the correlation in measured hot running NO/CO2 ratios by a remote sensing device (RSD) and dynamometer testing. Two large diesel cars (E4/E5) are tested on the dynamometer in hot running conditions using a new drive cycle developed for this study and then driven multiple times past the RSD. A number of verification and correction steps are conducted for both the dynamometer and RSD data. A new time resolution adjustment of RSD acceleration values proves important. Comparison of RSD and dynamometer data consistently shows a strong weighted correlation varying from +0.89 to +0.95, despite the high level of variability observed in the RSD measurements. This provides further evidence that relative changes in mean NO/CO2 ratios as measured with the RSD should provide robust emissions data for trend analysis studies and as inputs for regional emissions models. However, a positive bias of approximately 25 ppm NO/% CO2 is observed for the RSD, and bias correction of RSD measurements should be considered pending further testing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Roadside Air Pollution)
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39 pages, 12301 KiB  
Article
Transient Characterization of Automotive Exhaust Emission from Different Vehicle Types Based on On-Road Measurements
by Chao Ma, Lin Wu, Hong-jun Mao, Xiao-zhen Fang, Ning Wei, Jin-sheng Zhang, Zhi-wen Yang, Yan-jie Zhang, Zong-yan Lv and Lei Yang
Atmosphere 2020, 11(1), 64; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11010064 - 03 Jan 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3585
Abstract
Previous works on real-world vehicle emission characteristics have mainly focused on the influences of fuel, speed, vehicle type, elevation, and other factors on vehicle emission quantity and components. However, few studies have investigated the transient trend of automotive exhaust emissions through on-road measurements. [...] Read more.
Previous works on real-world vehicle emission characteristics have mainly focused on the influences of fuel, speed, vehicle type, elevation, and other factors on vehicle emission quantity and components. However, few studies have investigated the transient trend of automotive exhaust emissions through on-road measurements. The key objective of the present paper was to examine the transient characteristics of exhaust emissions from different vehicle types on the roads of Tianjin. To achieve the goal, a portable emission measurement system (PEMS) was employed to monitor emissions from selected test vehicles—private cars, passenger vehicles, and cargo vehicles. It was found that the high-emission points of test vehicles were mainly distributed in two regions: the high-speed region (speed > 70–90 km/h, vehicle-specific power (VSP) > 0 kW/t) and the medium-speed–acceleration region (20–30 km/h < speed < 60–90 km/h, 0 kW/t <VSP < 12 kW/t). The CO, hydrocarbon (HC), NOx, and particulate number (PN) average emission rates in the high-emission points could be 3.15–14.93 times, 1.93–24.89 times, 3.23–6.03 times, and 3.22–30.27 times of those of average emission rates. The HC, NOx, and PN average emission rates of China IV vehicles in the high-emission points were 2.46–4.92 times, 3.56–6.03 times, and 3.22–13.21 times of those of average emission rates, not less than those of China III (1.93–2.52 times, 2.75–3.90 times, and 9.98–22.34 times). Test vehicles mainly emitted nucleation-mode and Aitken-mode particles, and the increase of the PN concentration emission rate in low-speed and high-speed regions was higher than that in the medium-speed region. The exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) + diesel particulate filter (DPF) could effectively inhibit the Aitken output caused by turbocharged intercooler (CIC). The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) might cause more nucleation-mode particles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Roadside Air Pollution)
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19 pages, 5573 KiB  
Article
Physical Characterization of Brake-Wear Particles in a PM10 Dilution Tunnel
by Athanasios Mamakos, Michael Arndt, David Hesse and Klaus Augsburg
Atmosphere 2019, 10(11), 639; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10110639 - 23 Oct 2019
Cited by 36 | Viewed by 4025
Abstract
A dilution tunnel was designed for the characterization of brake-wear particle emissions up to 10 μm on a brake dyno. The particulate matter emission levels from a single front brake were found to be 4.5 mg/km (1.5 mg/km being smaller than 2.5 μm) [...] Read more.
A dilution tunnel was designed for the characterization of brake-wear particle emissions up to 10 μm on a brake dyno. The particulate matter emission levels from a single front brake were found to be 4.5 mg/km (1.5 mg/km being smaller than 2.5 μm) over a novel real-world brake cycle, for a commercial Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) pad. Particle Number (PN) emissions as defined in exhaust regulations were in the order of 1.5 to 6 × 109 particles per km per brake (#/km/brake). Concentration levels could exceed the linearity range of full-flow Condensation Particle Counters (CPCs) over specific braking events, but remained at background levels for 60% of the cycle. Similar concentrations measured with condensation and optical counters suggesting that the majority of emitted particles were larger the 300 nm. Application of higher braking pressures resulted in elevated PN emissions and the systematic formation of nano-sized particles that were thermally stable at 350 °C. Volatile particles were observed only during successive harsh braking events leading to elevated temperatures. The onset depended on the type of brakes and their prehistory, but always at relatively high disc temperatures (280 to 490 °C). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Roadside Air Pollution)
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