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Atmosphere
Special Issues
Atmospheric Pollutants: Source Apportionment and Its Impact on Public Health
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Atmospheric Pollutants: Source Apportionment and Its Impact on Public Health

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Air Quality and Human Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2021) | Viewed by 6814

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Steve Hung Lam Yim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
Interests: transboundary air pollution; interactions between land, air quality and climate change; air quality forecast and future projection; sensitivity model development and application; artificial intelligence and air pollution; remote sensing of particulate matter and ozone; air pollutant exposure science; human health assessment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Gavin Shaddick

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mathematics, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QJ, UK
Interests: Bayesian hierarchical modelling; spatio-temporal modelling; environmental modelling; enviornmental epidemiology; air quality; global burden of disease; musculoskeletal medcine; predicting onset of disease in PsA; customer profiling in the power industry; the effects of low carbon inititatives on electrcity networks
Prof. Dr. Guanghui Dong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
Interests: air pollution; night light; greenspace; perfluorooctanoic acid; environmental epidemiology; toxicology; human health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Air pollution is one of the major global environmental problems, and caused adverse public health impacts. The World Health Organization has reported that outdoor air pollution leads to more than 4 million premature mortalities every year. Despite the fact that air pollution has significant negative effects on human health, our understanding of source contribution to air pollutants and the resultant health effects remains very limited.

Source apportionment is critical for air pollution research and policy formulation. Formation and removal of air pollutants may involve complex physical and chemical processes. Source contribution has yet to be fully understood. On the other hand, transboundary air pollution (TAP) is one important contributor to air pollution at multiple spatial scales. The characteristics of TAP, i.e. spatiotemporal and vertical variations, transport pathway, influences of extreme weather/climate events, need more effort to be fully understood.

A variety of methods have been used to assess air pollution, including chemical transport modeling, statistical modeling, adjoint sensitivity modeling, Higher- order Decoupled Direct Method (HDDM), Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), satellite retrieval approach, machine learning methods, and in-situ measurements. Their applications on health assessments should be better explored.

The aim of this special issue is to collect the effort of research using the above methods to quantify health effects of air pollution in particular sources’ contributions, and to hence construct comprehensive understanding of outdoor air pollution and its human health impacts.

Contributions to method development, model establishment and advancement, air pollution mechanisms, air pollutant exposure, and health assessments are welcomed.

Prof. Dr. Steve Hung Lam Yim
Prof. Dr. Gavin Shaddick
Prof. Dr. Guanghui Dong
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • transboundary air pollution
  • long-range transport
  • local air pollution
  • air quality modeling
  • adjoint sensitivity modeling
  • Higher- order Decoupled Direct Method
  • source apportionment
  • particulate matter
  • ozone
  • exposure
  • health effect
  • respiratory diseases
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • climate change
  • urbanization

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1299 KiB  
Article
PM2.5-Bound Heavy Metals in Southwestern China: Characterization, Sources, and Health Risks
by Yan Han, Zhichao Wang, Jiawei Zhou, Hanxiong Che, Mi Tian, Huanbo Wang, Guangming Shi, Fumo Yang, Shumin Zhang and Yang Chen
Atmosphere 2021, 12(7), 929; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070929 - 20 Jul 2021
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3148
Abstract
The health risks of PM2.5-bound heavy metals have attracted extensive attention recently. In order to evaluate those deleterious effects on human health more accurately, and to propose proper measures to reduce health risks of air pollution, the conduction of a source-specific [...] Read more.
The health risks of PM2.5-bound heavy metals have attracted extensive attention recently. In order to evaluate those deleterious effects on human health more accurately, and to propose proper measures to reduce health risks of air pollution, the conduction of a source-specific health risk assessment is necessary. Based on daily collected PM2.5 samples at different functional sites during winter 2019 in a megacity Chongqing, China, combining source apportionment results from PMF and health risk assessment from the U.S. EPA, the source-specific health risks from PM2.5-bound heavy metals were given. Six types of PM2.5 sources have been identified, coal burning (25.5%), motor vehicles (22.8%), industrial emissions (20.5%), biomass burning (15.9%), dust (7.8%), and ship emissions (7.5%). Results showed that the total hazard quotient (HQ) was 0.32 and the total carcinogenic risks (CR) were 2.09 × 10−6 for children and 8.36 × 10−6 for adults, implying certain risks for local residents. Industrial emissions related with Cr posed both the highest carcinogenic risk and noncarcinogenic risk (contributing 25% CR and 36% HQ). Coal combustion (associated with Cr, As, and Mn) contributed 15.46% CR and 20.64% HQ, while biomass burning and motor vehicles shared 19.99% and 19.05% of the total CR, respectively. This work indicated that health risks of air pollution sources were the combined effects of the source contribution and chemical components. In order to control the health risks of PM2.5 to the local residents, the priority of targeted emission sources should be adopted for industrial emissions, biomass burning, vehicle emissions, and coal combustion sources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric Pollutants: Source Apportionment and Its Impact on Public Health)
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13 pages, 1884 KiB  
Article
Source Apportionment and Toxic Potency of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Air of Harbin, a Cold City in Northern China
by Haitao Liu, Bo Li, Hong Qi, Lixin Ma, Jianzhong Xu, Minling Wang, Wenwen Ma and Chongguo Tian
Atmosphere 2021, 12(3), 297; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12030297 - 25 Feb 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2561
Abstract
A total of 68 PUF samples were collected seasonally from 17 sampling sites in Harbin, China from May 2016 to April 2017 for analyzing 15 congeners of gaseous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Σ15PAHs). An improved non-negative matrix (NMF) model and a positive [...] Read more.
A total of 68 PUF samples were collected seasonally from 17 sampling sites in Harbin, China from May 2016 to April 2017 for analyzing 15 congeners of gaseous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Σ15PAHs). An improved non-negative matrix (NMF) model and a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model were used to apportion the sources of PAHs. The carcinogenic risk due to exposure to PAHs was estimated by the toxicity equivalent of BaP (BaPeq). The results showed that the average concentration of Σ15PAHs was 68.3 ± 22.3 ng/m3, and the proportions of 3-ring, 4-ring, 5-ring, and 6-ring PAHs were 64.4%, 32.6%, 2.10%, and 0.89%, respectively. Among the six typical functional areas in Harbin, the Σ15PAHs concentrations were 98.1 ± 76.7 ng/m3, 91.2 ± 76.2 ng/m3, 71.4 ± 75.6 ng/m3, 67.9 ± 65.6 ng/m3, 42.6 ± 34.7 ng/m3, and 38.5 ± 38.0 ng/m3 in the wastewater treatment plant, industrial zone, business district, residential area, school, and suburb, respectively. During the sampling period, the highest concentration of Σ15PAHs was in winter. The improved NMF model and PMF model apportioned the PAHs into three sources including coal combustion, biomass burning, and vehicle exhaust. The contributions of coal combustion, biomass burning, and vehicle exhausts were 34.6 ± 3.22%, 48.6 ± 4.03%, and 16.8 ± 5.06%, respectively. Biomass burning was the largest contributor of Σ15PAHs concentrations in winter and coal combustion contributed significantly to the concentrations in summer. The average ΣBaPeq concentration was 0.54 ± 0.23 ng/m3 during the sampling period, high concentrations occurred in the cold season and low levels presented in the warm period. Vehicle exhaust was the largest contributor to the ΣBaPeq concentration of PAHs in Harbin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric Pollutants: Source Apportionment and Its Impact on Public Health)
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