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Applied Sciences
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Advanced Power Converter and Applications in Electric Vehicles
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Advanced Power Converter and Applications in Electric Vehicles

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 16291

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Bor-Ren Lin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou City, Yunlin 640, Taiwan
Interests: power electronics; resonant converters; high-efficiency power converters; renewable energy conversion; electric vehicle applications; soft switching techniques; ZVS PWM converters; bidirectional power converters; high-efficiency battery chargers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ke-Han Su

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Graduate Program in Intelligent Automation Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
Interests: intelligent control; motor control; mechatronics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are accepting original research submission for a Special Issue of Applied Sciences titled “Advanced Power Converter and Applications in Electric Vehicles”.

In recent years, power converters have played an important role in electric vehicles, allowing them to achieve power transfer and conversion. Advanced power converters and applications are becoming essential for PHEV or EV power units in various ways. This Special Issue focuses on the latest achievements of ensemble power electronics technology, including the following aspects: novel topology of converters, modeling and control strategies, and new principle converters in bidirectional power transmission. The purpose is to provide opportunities for researchers in related fields to display and discuss the latest achievements in the field, establish a database of achievements related to power electronics, and provide solutions for related application fields.

Topics of interest for this Special Issue include but are not limited to the following:

  • New trends and technologies for AC/DC or DC/DC converters;
  • New trends and technologies for bidirectional power converters;
  • Power converters for AC or DC EV charge station;
  • Motor control for EV applications;
  • Energy storage technologies;
  • Renewable energy conversion;
  • Integration of renewable energy technologies into the grid;
  • Review of power converter technologies for EV applications;
  • Modulation techniques for advanced power converters;
  • Intelligent/smart control;
  • Motion control.

Prospective authors are invited to submit original contributions or survey papers for review for publication in this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Bor-Ren Lin
Dr. Ke-Han Su
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bidirectional converters
  • battery chargers
  • plug-in electric vehicle
  • power converters in power transfer techniques
  • renewable energy conversion
  • topologies and modulations of converter/inverters
  • modeling and control of converter/inverters
  • power conversion technologies for wireless power transmission
  • intelligent/smart control
  • motor control
  • mechatronics

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 4185 KiB  
Article
Numerical Study on Cooling Performance Characteristics of 22 kW Traction Inverter Using MHD Pump-Based Cooling System
by Seong-Guk Hwang, Yurii Kudriavskyi, Kunal Sandip Garud and Moo-Yeon Lee
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(5), 3189; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13053189 - 2 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1474
Abstract
The transportation sector is sharply shifting towards electric vehicles (EVs) to reduce environmental issues and the energy crisis. To enhance the driving range and performance of EVs, the integral parts of EVs are being developed with higher energy densities and compact structures. Traction [...] Read more.
The transportation sector is sharply shifting towards electric vehicles (EVs) to reduce environmental issues and the energy crisis. To enhance the driving range and performance of EVs, the integral parts of EVs are being developed with higher energy densities and compact structures. Traction inverters are one of the important parts of EVs which are continuously updating to higher power densities with smaller sizes. This has led to issues of high heat generation, which causes the performance degradation and failure of traction inverters. Therefore, an efficient cooling strategy needs to be proposed for the effective thermal management of traction inverters in EVs. In the present work, the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) pump-based cooling system is developed for the thermal management of traction inverter for EVs. The cooling performance of traction inverters is investigated using a MHD pump-based cooling system with water and ferrofluid as coolants. The outlet velocity, inverter maximum temperature, and Nusselt number are numerically simulated as the cooling performance characteristics for various operating conditions of inlet velocity, magnetic field intensity, voltage, and volume fraction of ferrofluid. The coupled numerical model is developed using COMSOL Multiphysics commercial software to simulate the cooling performance of a traction inverter with an MHD pump-based cooling system under various conditions. The MHD pump improves the cooling performance of a traction inverter for ferrofluid cooling over water cooling. The cooling performance of the traction inverter improves with an increase in inlet velocity for both water and ferrofluid cooling. However, with an increase in voltage, magnetic field intensity, and volume fraction, the cooling performance of the traction inverter improves only for ferrofluid cooling. The outlet velocity, inverter maximum temperature and Nusselt number in the case of water cooling are 4.03 mm/s and 7.02 mm/s, 49.65 °C, respectively, whereas that in the case of ferrofluid cooling are 40.96 °C, 15.35, and 18.49, respectively. Further, the cooling performance improves for ferrofluid cooling at a magnetic field intensity of 0.4 T and volume fraction of 10% with outlet velocity, inverter maximum temperature, and Nusselt number approach to 12.08 mm/s, 32 °C and 21.43, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Power Converter and Applications in Electric Vehicles)
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22 pages, 3621 KiB  
Article
Designs of Particle-Swarm-Optimization-Based Intelligent PID Controllers and DC/DC Buck Converters for PEM Fuel-Cell-Powered Four-Wheeled Automated Guided Vehicle
by Mehmet Hakan Demir and Mehmet Demirok
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(5), 2919; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13052919 - 24 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1636
Abstract
For automatic guided vehicles (AGVs), maximizing the operating time with maximum energy efficiency is the most important factor that increases work efficiency. In this study, the fuel-cell-powered AGV (FCAGV) system was modeled and optimized control and design were carried out to obtain high [...] Read more.
For automatic guided vehicles (AGVs), maximizing the operating time with maximum energy efficiency is the most important factor that increases work efficiency. In this study, the fuel-cell-powered AGV (FCAGV) system was modeled and optimized control and design were carried out to obtain high tracking performance with minimum power consumption. Firstly, a full mathematical model of FCAGV, which involves the AGV, the fuel cell, DC/DC converters and motors, was obtained. Then, particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based intelligent PID and I controllers were developed for maximizing the route-tracking performance of AGV and voltage-tracking performance of the DC/DC converter with reduced power consumption. PSO was used to determine the optimal parameters of controllers and the values of DC/DC converters’ components. The performance of the full AGV system was analyzed for different paths. The results show that the sufficient path-tracking and voltage-tracking performance was obtained for AGV and DC/DC converters, respectively. The average tracking errors according to global coordinate system are 0.0061 m at the x axis, 0.0572 m at the y axis and 0.0228 rad at rotational axis. The obtained average voltage-tracking errors for each DC/DC converters were approximately 0.8033 V. These results indicate that the developed controllers with optimal coefficients work successfully with small voltage and path-tracking errors. During this motion, the average consumed power from the fuel cell was observed as 58.2675 W. These results show that the designed optimized intelligent controllers have sufficient performance with high energy efficiency and maximum route tracking. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Power Converter and Applications in Electric Vehicles)
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23 pages, 8378 KiB  
Article
Design and Implementation of Three-Phase Smart Inverter of the Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems
by Kuo-Hua Huang, Kuei-Hsiang Chao, Zhi-Yao Sun and Cheng-Yi Ho
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(1), 294; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010294 - 26 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2858
Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to conduct design and implementation on three-phase smart inverters of the grid-connected photovoltaic system, which contains maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and smart inverter with real power and reactive power regulation for the photovoltaic module arrays [...] Read more.
The main purpose of this paper is to conduct design and implementation on three-phase smart inverters of the grid-connected photovoltaic system, which contains maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and smart inverter with real power and reactive power regulation for the photovoltaic module arrays (PVMA). Firstly, the piecewise linear electrical circuit simulation (PLECS) power electronic real-time control system was applied to construct the simulation and actual test environment for the three-phase mains parallel photovoltaic system, where the KC200GT photovoltaic module was used to form a 1600 W system for conducting the simulation. For enabling the PVMA to output the maximum power in terms of both insolation and ambient temperature, where the perturbation and observation (P&O) method was used for MPPT. Then, the voltage-power control technology was added to the grid-connected photovoltaic inverter. When the grid voltage p.u. value is between 1.0 and 1.03, the smart inverter starts voltage-power regulation, reducing the real power output to 1440 W, and absorbing the system’s reactive power to 774 VAr. The power factor of the grid system end is controlled to 0.9 (lagging), and the grid voltage is reduced to norminal value 220 V. If the grid voltage p.u. value is between 0.97 and 1.0, the smart inverter starts voltage-power regulation, controlling the output real power to 1440 W and the reactive power to the system to 774 VAr, so that the power factor of the system end is controlled to 0.9 (leading), and the grid voltage is increased to norminal value 220 V. Finally, the results from the simulation and actual test were used to demostrate the effectiveness of the regulation performance of the smart inverter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Power Converter and Applications in Electric Vehicles)
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23 pages, 6833 KiB  
Article
Resonant Asymmetrical Half-Bridge Flyback Converter
by Yeu-Torng Yau
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(13), 6685; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12136685 - 1 Jul 2022
Viewed by 3054
Abstract
The active clamp flyback (ACF) converter is gradually becoming popular in the application field of low or medium output power range due to its advantage of soft switching and high conversion efficiency. An asymmetric half-bridge (AHB) flyback converter has been proposed in previous [...] Read more.
The active clamp flyback (ACF) converter is gradually becoming popular in the application field of low or medium output power range due to its advantage of soft switching and high conversion efficiency. An asymmetric half-bridge (AHB) flyback converter has been proposed in previous studies. The main advantages of the AHB flyback are the same number of components as the ACF converter and the soft switching technique. In this paper, an AHB flyback converter with constant off-time (COT) plus pulse frequency modulation (PFM) is proposed, so that the resonant time is not affected by the input voltage and load, and can achieve a wide range of zero voltage switching (ZVS) operating range. Compared to pulse width modulation (PWM), the PFM control with COT can make the system more stable. Finally, a prototype circuit with a specification input of 48 V to an output of 2.5 V/8 A is made for verification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Power Converter and Applications in Electric Vehicles)
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27 pages, 12172 KiB  
Article
Four-Channel Buck-Type LED Driver with Automatic Current Sharing and Soft Switching
by Wen-Zhuang Jiang, Kuo-Ing Hwu and Jenn-Jong Shieh
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(12), 5842; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12125842 - 8 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1357
Abstract
A buck-type LED driver together with automatic current sharing and high step-down voltage conversion ratio but without complex control is proposed. The proposed LED driver can not only achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn-on by adding only one resonant coupled inductor, which resonates [...] Read more.
A buck-type LED driver together with automatic current sharing and high step-down voltage conversion ratio but without complex control is proposed. The proposed LED driver can not only achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn-on by adding only one resonant coupled inductor, which resonates with parasitic capacitors of active switches, but also can obtain lower voltage gain and better conversion efficiency. In this paper, the operating principles and design considerations of the proposed converter are discussed in detail. In addition, the number of LED strings can be extended to more than four channels. Finally, the theoretical analysis and performance of the proposed LED driver are verified by simulations and experiments using a field-programmable logic gate array (FPGA) named EP3C5E144C8N as a circuit control kernel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Power Converter and Applications in Electric Vehicles)
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22 pages, 7759 KiB  
Article
An LLC Converter with Capacitive Insulation
by Yeu-Torng Yau and Tsung-Liang Hung
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(10), 4950; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12104950 - 13 May 2022
Viewed by 1533
Abstract
Offline power converter products must apply for and pass the national electrical safety code before they can be marketed. The transformers of offline power converters must be made from certificated materials with a high voltage rating and high electrical insulation, which increases the [...] Read more.
Offline power converter products must apply for and pass the national electrical safety code before they can be marketed. The transformers of offline power converters must be made from certificated materials with a high voltage rating and high electrical insulation, which increases the volume of the transformers and the printed circuit boards. In most studies, the miniaturization of a power converter is usually achieved by increasing the conversion efficiency and reducing the heat sink, or by increasing the switching frequency to reduce the size of the transformers. In this paper, the insulation material is reduced to miniaturize the transformer of the LLC converter. The resonant capacitor of the LLC converter is used to meet the requirements of insulation voltage, leakage current, creepage, and clearance. A prototype with the specifications of 12 V and 10 A rated output was built to verify the proposed method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Power Converter and Applications in Electric Vehicles)
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25 pages, 10279 KiB  
Article
A High Gain Modified Quadratic Boost DC-DC Converter with Voltage Stress Half of Output Voltage
by Anindya Sundar Jana, Chang-Hua Lin, Tzu-Hsien Kao and Chun-Hsin Chang
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(10), 4914; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12104914 - 12 May 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3347
Abstract
The application of the high gain boost DC-DC converter is gaining more attention due to an increasingly wide range of applications for sustainable green energy solutions, as well as other high voltage applications. In this study, a modified high gain quadratic boost converter [...] Read more.
The application of the high gain boost DC-DC converter is gaining more attention due to an increasingly wide range of applications for sustainable green energy solutions, as well as other high voltage applications. In this study, a modified high gain quadratic boost converter is proposed using a single switch. The proposed topology is a member of the family of the non-isolated category with a common ground feature and can operate in a wide range of duty ratios, and is able to provide the required voltage gain. In this proposed circuit configuration, a dual voltage boost cell was formed by incorporating two capacitors in series with two inductors of a conventional quadratic boost converter. Additionally, a capacitor was integrated with a second voltage boost cell. This special configuration increases the voltage gain as well as reduces the voltage stress across the switch. To show its feasibility, a 200-W prototype setup with 48 V input and 400 V output was designed, and the required PWM signal was fed from the microcontroller unit. A detailed analysis of the design parameters and losses are formulated and are shown in this paper. The simulation was performed in SIMPLIS software, and the experimental results agreed with the obtained output voltage gain. The proposed topology showed a peak efficiency of 94.5% at 150-W output power after considering the power losses in all the components of the PCB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Power Converter and Applications in Electric Vehicles)
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