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Advances in Organic Corrosion Inhibitors and Protective Coatings

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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical and Molecular Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2019) | Viewed by 39474

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Dr. Ioannis Kartsonakis

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Physical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: nanotechnologies; corrosion science; electrochemistry; polymer science; chemistry; coatings; sol–gel method; carbon fibers/nanotubes
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Dear Colleagues,

Metallic components consisting of magnesium, aluminum, steel, and their alloys are widely used in a plethora of applications because of their exceptional mechanical properties and their overall durability.

However, they are often damaged by mechanical or chemical processes. Mechanical damage that is caused by the impact of solid particles is called erosion, while electrochemical damage that results from chemical degradation is termed corrosion. The corrosion phenomena, to which every metallic substrate is subjected to, eventually result in the degradation of the metal and the deterioration of its properties. Corrosion control of metallic structures is an important task in technical, economic, environmental, and safety terms. Several types of corrosion inhibitors are being employed to prevent metallic dissolution in corrosive media, for which the use of organic inhibitors is one of the most frequent and economic methods. Heteroatoms (O, S, N, and P) and π-electrons in the conjugated form act as excellent corrosion inhibitors for metals and alloys in aggressive solutions. These inhibitors can be incorporated into corrosion-protective coatings. Coatings considered for corrosion inhibition must offer an effective physical barrier, impeding the access of violent materials to the metal surface.

This Special Issue aims to attract all researchers working in this research field and will collect new findings and recent advances in the development, synthesis, and structure–activity relationships of organic corrosion inhibitors and protective coatings. Research manuscripts, as well as a limited number of review manuscripts, are encouraged in following areas:

Aerospace Corrosion
Automotive Corrosion
Coatings
Corrosion and Corrosion Protection of Drinking Water Systems
Corrosion and Scale Inhibition
Corrosion in Oil and Gas Production
Corrosion in Refinery and Petrochemistry
Corrosion inhibition in extreme environments (high temperatures, ice impact, acid attack)
Corrosion of Steel in Concrete
High-throughput screening of organic corrosion inhibitors
Inhibitors in protective coatings
Marine Corrosion
Microbial Corrosion

Dr. Ioannis Kartsonakis
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Organic inhibitors
Corrosion protection
Smart Coatings
Self-healing
Films
Interfaces

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

4 pages, 182 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Special Issue on “Advances in Organic Corrosion Inhibitors and Protective Coatings”

by Ioannis A. Kartsonakis

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(1), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11010123 - 24 Dec 2020

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1431

Abstract

This Special Issue collects new findings and recent advances in the development, synthesis, and structure–activity relationships of organic corrosion inhibitors and protective coatings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Organic Corrosion Inhibitors and Protective Coatings)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

37 pages, 13890 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Comparative Study on the Corrosion Inhibitive Effect of 2-Mecraptobenzothiazole and Na₂HPO₄ on Industrial Conveying API 5L X42 Pipeline Steel

by Ioannis A. Kartsonakis, Panagiota Stamatogianni, Evangelia K. Karaxi and Costas A. Charitidis

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(1), 290; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10010290 - 31 Dec 2019

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4670

Abstract

Mild or low-carbon steel has an increasing utilization and is widely used for building construction, machinery parts, and pipelines, because it can be machined easily and has enhanced weldability as well as a low price. In any case, the corrosion resistance of mild steel under the conditions in industrial applications or in atmosphere is a thoughtful concern. This study inquires into the application of 2-mecraptobenzothiazole (MBT) and Na₂HPO₄ as corrosion inhibitors for the protection of API 5L X42 pipeline steel in 3.5 wt % NaCl as well as in water from the Athens city supply system. The electrochemical/morphological characterizations of the aforementioned mild steel proved that the corrosion protection mechanisms can be assigned to the protective layers created onto the metal surface because of the presence of the inhibitors, which prevent chloride’s penetration. The synergistic effect of the MBT and Na₂HPO₄ corrosion inhibition behavior, in a molar ratio of 1:1, revealed that the additives performed effectively with corrosion inhibition efficiency above 90%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Organic Corrosion Inhibitors and Protective Coatings)

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18 pages, 2768 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Glycerin-Grafted Starch as Corrosion Inhibitor of C-Mn Steel in 1 M HCl solution

by Sihem Lahrour, Abderrahim Benmoussat, Brahim Bouras, Asma Mansri, Lahcene Tannouga and Stefania Marzorati

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(21), 4684; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9214684 - 3 Nov 2019

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 2748

Abstract

C-Mn steels, commonly employed in structural applications, are often exposed to near-neutral aerated environments and hence subjected to general corrosion. In broader contexts, for example during pickling, acidizing treatments, or acid-releasing processes, where steel comes in contact with more aggressive solutions, the use of corrosion inhibitors is a supplementary strategy to cathodic protection and/or coating. This work focuses on the C-Mn steel corrosion protection in the presence of HCl, either as process fluid or by product. In order to avoid the toxicological issues related to conventional synthetic products, a bio-copolymer containing glycerin-grafted starch, synthesized by modification of maize starch, was studied as a “green” corrosion inhibitor by the weight loss method and electrochemical techniques (open circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy). Corrosion-related parameters, such as inhibitor concentration and temperature, were varied and optimized to characterize the corrosion process. Results showed that inhibition efficiency increases with increasing bio-copolymer concentration, reaching a maximum of 94%at the concentration of 300 mg L⁻¹. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were determined and discussed. The obtained values of corrosion potential and corrosion current density, E_corr and i_corr, obtained by potentiodynamic polarization, are in agreement with the weight loss method. The corrosion current densities decrease when the concentration of the inhibitor increases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Organic Corrosion Inhibitors and Protective Coatings)

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17 pages, 4187 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Protection Role of Cysteine for Cu-5Zn-5Al-1Sn Alloy Corrosion in 3.5 wt.% NaCl Solution

by Kebede W. Shinato, Feifei Huang, Yanpeng Xue, Lei Wen and Ying Jin

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(18), 3896; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9183896 - 17 Sep 2019

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2882

Abstract

In this work, the corrosion mechanism of a Cu-5Zn-5Al-1Sn alloy was examined in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. At the same time, the effect of a cysteine inhibitor was also investigated through a multi-analytical approach. Electrochemical results suggested that inhibition efficiency increased with the increase of cysteine concentration. From potentiodynamic polarization (PD) analysis, a decrease in corrosion current and corrosion potential shift toward a more negative direction was observed. The potential difference between the blank and inhibited surface was found to be 46 mV, which is less than 85 mV, revealing a mixed type inhibition effect of cysteine for the Cu-5Zn-5Al-1Sn alloy. The inhibition mechanism of cysteine (Cys) and the effect of alloying elements were investigated by fitting experimental impedance data according to a projected equivalent circuit for the alloy/electrolyte interface. A Langmuir adsorption isotherm was proposed to explain the inhibition phenomenon of cysteine on the Cu-5Zn-5Al-1Sn alloy surface. Surface morphology observation confirmed that the Cu-5Zn-5Al-1Sn alloy was damaged in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution and could be inhibited by using the cysteine inhibitor. The impact of alloying elements on the corrosion mechanism was further examined by surface analysis techniques such as X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)/Auger spectra, the results of which indicated that the corrosion inhibition was realized by the adsorption of the inhibitor molecules at the alloy/solution interface. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Organic Corrosion Inhibitors and Protective Coatings)

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15 pages, 17897 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Thin Coatings of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles with Anti-Reflective Properties

by Laura J. Romasanta, Lauriane D’Alençon, Sara Kirchner, Christophe Pradère and Jacques Leng

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(18), 3886; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9183886 - 16 Sep 2019

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3164

Abstract

Cerium oxide, in addition to its catalytic properties, is also known for its optical properties such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation filtering and a relatively high refractive index (

n > 2

), which makes it an excellent candidate for multifunctional coatings. Here, we [...] Read more.

Cerium oxide, in addition to its catalytic properties, is also known for its optical properties such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation filtering and a relatively high refractive index (

n > 2

), which makes it an excellent candidate for multifunctional coatings. Here, we focus on the optical properties of thin deposits (≲2

μ

m) of densely packed

C e O_{2}

nanoparticles, which we assemble using two evaporation-based techniques: convective self-assembly (CSA, a type of very slow blade-coating) to fabricate large-scale coatings of controllable thickness—from tens of nanometres to a few micrometers—and microfluidic pervaporation which permits us to add some micro-structure to the coatings. Spectroscopic ellipsometry yields the refractive index of the resulting nano-porous coatings, which behave as lossy dielectrics in the UV-visible regime and loss-less dielectrics in the visible to infra-red (IR) regime; in this regime, the fairly high refractive index (≈1.8) permits us to evidence thickness-tunable anti-reflection on highly refractive substrates, such as silicon, and concomitant enhanced transmissions which we checked in the mid-IR region. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Organic Corrosion Inhibitors and Protective Coatings)

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11 pages, 4452 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancement of Corrosion Resistance of Aluminum 7075 Surface through Oil Impregnation for Subsea Application

by Youngkyun Seo, Jung-Yeul Jung, Jihoon Chung and Sangmin Lee

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(18), 3762; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9183762 - 9 Sep 2019

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4033

Abstract

This study investigated the corrosion resistance of oil impregnated anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) surfaces of aluminum 7075 for subsea application. Although aluminum 7075 has high strength, it is scarcely used in the subsea industry because of its corrosion issue. Some treatment of aluminum 7075 is required for subsea application. In this study not only a plate shape but also a cylindrical shape were investigated because a cylindrical shape is frequently used in the subsea industry for electronic device housing. Contact angles of bare aluminum and oil impregnated AAO surfaces of aluminum 7075 were measured after a salt spray test and a pressure test. The results showed that the contact angle of bare aluminum was considerably decreased after the salt spray test, whereas the oil impregnated AAO surface presented a relatively high contact angle after the salt spray test and the pressure test. These results showed that the corrosion resistance of aluminum 7075 could be enhanced by oil impregnation on the AAO surface, and thus can be utilized in the subsea industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Organic Corrosion Inhibitors and Protective Coatings)

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14 pages, 3044 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Poly(phenylene methylene)-Based Coatings for Corrosion Protection: Replacement of Additives by Use of Copolymers

by Marco F. D’Elia, Mirko Magni, Stefano P. M. Trasatti, Thomas B. Schweizer, Markus Niederberger and Walter Caseri

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(17), 3551; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9173551 - 29 Aug 2019

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3974

Abstract

Poly(phenylene methylene) (PPM) is a thermally stable, hydrophobic, fluorescent hydrocarbon polymer. Recently, blended PPM has been proposed as a valuable anti-corrosion coating material, and, in particular, rheological additives such as external plasticizers resulted crucial to prevent crack formation. Accordingly, to avoid common problems related to the use of external plasticizers, the development of PPM-related copolymer-based coatings containing n-octyloxy side chains and their anti-corrosion behavior were explored in this study. The aluminum alloy AA2024, widely employed for corrosion studies, was selected as a substrate, covered with a thin layer of a polybenzylsiloxane in order to improve adhesion between the underlying hydrophilic substrate and the top hydrophobic coating. Gratifyingly, coatings with those copolymers were free of bubbles and cracks. The n-octyloxy side-chains may be regarded to adopt the role of a bound plasticizer, as the glass transition temperature of the copolymers decreases with increasing content of alkoxy side-chains. Electrochemical corrosion tests on PPM-substituted coatings exhibited good corrosion protection of the metal surface towards a naturally aerated near-neutrally 3.5% wt.% NaCl neutral solution, providing comparable results to blended PPM formulations, previously reported. Hence, the application of rheological additives can be avoided by use of proper design copolymers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Organic Corrosion Inhibitors and Protective Coatings)

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15 pages, 3897 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Corrosion of α-Brass in Solutions Containing Chloride Ions and 3-Mercaptoalkyl-5-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazoles

by Oleg Kozaderov, Khidmet Shikhaliev, Chetti Prabhakar, Anuj Tripathi, Dmitry Shevtsov, Alexei Kruzhilin, Ekaterina Komarova, Andrei Potapov, Ilya Zartsyn and Yuri Kuznetsov

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(14), 2821; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9142821 - 15 Jul 2019

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5463

Abstract

The protective effect of 3-mercaptoalkyl derivatives of 5-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole against corrosion of α-brass in a chloride media was studied using polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and full-scale corrosion testing. The brass electrode remains passive up to the activation potential, which is much higher than in solutions without organic additives, and it increases with the concentration of the inhibitor. The protection degree of all the studied inhibitors reaches its maximum of over 99% in solutions with the concentration of the inhibitor C_inh ≥ 0.10 mM. The protective effect increases with the length of the alkyl chain. All the studied derivatives are effective against atmospheric corrosion of α-brass. A protective film is formed on the brass surface, and it most probably includes oxides as well as complex compounds of zinc and copper with the molecules of the inhibitors. The impedance spectroscopy demonstrated that the presence of the inhibitor results in a decrease in the double-layer capacitance and an increase in the polarization resistance, which proves that the protective film actually forms on the brass surface. The quantum chemical analysis of the optimized molecular structures demonstrates that all the studied inhibitors should have a similar protective effect, which agrees with the experimental results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Organic Corrosion Inhibitors and Protective Coatings)

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12 pages, 3278 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Corrosion Behavior and Conductivity of TiNb and TiNbN Coated Steel for Metallic Bipolar Plates

by Kun Shi, Xue Li, Yang Zhao, Wei-Wei Li, Shu-Bo Wang, Xiao-Feng Xie, Li Yao, Jens Oluf Jensen and Qing-Feng Li

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(12), 2568; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9122568 - 24 Jun 2019

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4135

Abstract

To improve corrosion resistance and electronic conductivity of bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), coatings of TiNb and TiNbN on 316L stainless steel (SS) were prepared by magnetron sputtering. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements confirmed the existence of metallic nitrides in the TiNbN coating. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests showed that the deposited coatings provided smooth surfaces. Further electrochemical measurements indicated that the corrosion resistance of TiNb coating was significantly higher than that of substrate. At 0.19 V vs MSE, the long-term stabilized current density of TiNb/316L SS was lower than 1 μA·cm⁻². The interfacial contact resistance (ICR) values between coating and carbon paper suggested that TiNb and TiNbN films had better contact conductivity than 316L SS substrate. In conclusion, TiNb coated 316L SS metallic bipolar plate material is a promising option for PEMFC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Organic Corrosion Inhibitors and Protective Coatings)

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14 pages, 3328 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of Replacing Aggregates and Cement by LFS on the Corrosion of Steel Reinforcements

by María Isabel Prieto, María de las Nieves González, Ángel Rodríguez and Alfonso Cobo

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(4), 683; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9040683 - 17 Feb 2019

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2349

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the corrosion behavior of steel reinforcement embedded in mortar specimens in which both the aggregate and cement are partially replaced by ladle furnace slag (LFS) and different percentages of chloride ions by weight of cement are introduced into the mix at the time of kneading. The corrosion behavior was studied by using electrochemical techniques in order to evaluate the corrosion rate and the symptoms produced in steels of specimens with and without slag LFS. From the analysis of the results, it is concluded that the use of LFS in a partial replacement of aggregate and cement in mortar specimens does not compromise the behavior of the mortar with regard to corrosion of the steel reinforcement; consequently, partial replacement by LFS is fully feasible from this standpoint. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Organic Corrosion Inhibitors and Protective Coatings)

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Review

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14 pages, 895 KiB

Open AccessReview

Advances and Challenges of Corrosion and Topology Detection of Grounding Grid

by Zhihong Fu, Xiujuan Wang, Qian Wang, Xiaobin Xu, Nengyi Fu and Shanqiang Qin

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(11), 2290; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9112290 - 3 Jun 2019

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 3636

Abstract

The grounding device plays performs the role of releasing a lightning current and a fault current in the power system, and the corrosion of the conductor will cause damage to the grounding body, which threatens the safe operation of the power system. The grounding grid corrosion detection technology and equipment guarantee the safe operation of the power system. This paper discusses the research status of grounding corrosion and topological detection in detail and introduces the basic principles, research difficulties and existing problems of the methods such as the electric network method, electromagnetic field method, electrochemical method, ultrasonic detection method and electromagnetic imaging method. The methods of electromagnetic imaging and time difference positioning proposed in recent years have been also discussed in detail. The paper points out that the application of grounding grid corrosion detection distance engineering still faces great challenges and that multi-disciplinary, multi-information fusion, new sensing technology, big data platforms and intelligent computing will be the trends to follow in research on grounding grid fault, corrosion detection and life prediction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Organic Corrosion Inhibitors and Protective Coatings)

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