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Applied Sciences
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Applied Sciences in Oral Pathology
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Applied Sciences in Oral Pathology

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2020) | Viewed by 20276

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Gaspare Palaia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
Interests: oral medicine; oral pathology; oral surgery; laser; photobiomodulation photo; public health; prevention
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is our pleasure to announce a new Special Issue of the Applied Science Journal.

The main topics of the Special Issue will be oral pathology and oral medicine. In this Special Issue, we aim to publish reviews, original articles, clinical studies, case reports, and case series that could help oral pathologists to better understand the pathology, etiology, diagnosis, prevention, and management of oral conditions of the head, neck, and oral mucosal structures; orofacial pain conditions; salivary gland disorders; and taste disorders. The dental management of people with medical problems and/or complicated medical conditions is also a topic of interest in this Special Issue. The published findings should lead to improved clinical decision-making and improved care of medical disorders affecting the oral and maxillofacial areas.

Topics of interest for this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Potentially malignant disorders and oral carcinoma: diagnosis and management;
  • Diagnosis and treatment of benign lesions of the oral mucosa;
  • Oral diseases in patients with systemic problems;
  • Management of oral and maxillofacial pain;
  • New technologies in dentistry and oral pathology;
  • Management of special-needs patients;
  • Management of interesting clinical cases.

We hope you will contribute your high-quality research, and we look forward to hearing from you.

Dr. Gaspare Palaia
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oral cancer
  • potentially malignant disorders
  • orofacial pain
  • oral biopsy
  • diagnosis
  • laser
  • dental disorders
  • molecular analysis

Published Papers (6 papers)

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9 pages, 1011 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Using Chlorophyllin–Phycocyanin Mixture on Enterococcus faecalis: The Influence of Different Light Sources
by Nasim Chiniforush, Maryam Pourhajibagher, Steven Parker, Stefano Benedicenti, Abbas Bahador, Tudor Sălăgean and Ioana Roxana Bordea
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(12), 4290; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10124290 - 23 Jun 2020
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 2771
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of the chlorophyllin–phycocyanin mixture (Photoactive+) as a photosensitizer (PS) during antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on the count of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) using different light sources. The antimicrobial effect [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of the chlorophyllin–phycocyanin mixture (Photoactive+) as a photosensitizer (PS) during antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on the count of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) using different light sources. The antimicrobial effect of aPDT with chlorophyllin–phycocyanin mixture using different light sources including diode laser (λ = 660 nm), diode laser (λ = 635 nm), LED (λ = 450 ± 30 nm) alone or in combination was assessed using microbial cell viability assay against E. faecalis. In addition, the cell cytotoxicity of Photoactive+ was assessed on human gingival fibroblast (HuGu) cells by MTT assay; E. faecalis growth when treated by both red wavelengths (635 nm, 660 nm) and combination of LED (420–480 nm) and red wavelengths (635 nm, 660 nm), significantly reduced compared to the control group (p < 0.05). There was no significant reduction in the number of viable cells exposed to Photoactive+ compared to the control group (p < 0.05). This study shows that the application of chlorophyllin–phycocyanin mixture and irradiation with emission of red light achieved a better result for bacterial count reduction, compared to a control. This component can be applied safely due to very negligible cytotoxicity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences in Oral Pathology)
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10 pages, 1435 KiB  
Article
Frenulectomy with Diode Laser Technology in Paeditric Patients: Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluations. Randomized Double- Blind Clinical Trial
by Gian Luca Sfasciotti, Francesca Zara, Miriam Fioravanti, Mariana Guaragna, Gaspare Palaia and Antonella Polimeni
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(12), 4114; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10124114 - 15 Jun 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3869
Abstract
Background: Ankyloglossia is an anatomical alteration of the frenulum length, volume, compactness, and insertion. It can lead to alterations in the ability to swallow and chewing, and dysfunctional coordination amongst cranio-facial muscles; these alterations are often responsible for respiratory alterations, skeletal malocclusions and [...] Read more.
Background: Ankyloglossia is an anatomical alteration of the frenulum length, volume, compactness, and insertion. It can lead to alterations in the ability to swallow and chewing, and dysfunctional coordination amongst cranio-facial muscles; these alterations are often responsible for respiratory alterations, skeletal malocclusions and dyslalia or the delay of speech. The aim of this study is to estimate the efficacy of lingual frenulectomy with diode-laser technology through a qualitative and quantitative evaluation. Methods: One hundred and twenty-five pediatric patients were recruited: 100 with a lingual pathological frenulum were randomly divided into four operating groups; the other 25 with a borderline pathological frenulum were recruited as a control group. Each patient was included in a follow-up program (T0-T1-T2-T3-T4) for a quantitative and qualitative evaluation: the first through an accurate measurement of Kotlow’s free tongue measurement (≥16), Mouth Opening with Tongue Tip to incisive papilla (MOTTIP), Maximal Intercisal Mouth Opening (MIO) and Protrusion; and the second using the Assessment Tool for Lingual Frenulum Function (ATLFF), Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool (BTAT), and grade of tongue functionality. Results: The increase of the aforementioned quantitative parameters was circa 10 mm, and all patients reacquired full functionality of the tongue. Conclusions: Diode-laser technology is efficient and innovative in the treatment of pathological lingual frenulums. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences in Oral Pathology)
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10 pages, 694 KiB  
Article
Probiotic Streptococcus salivarius Reduces Symptoms of Denture Stomatitis and Oral Colonization by Candida albicans
by Claudio Passariello, Francesco Di Nardo, Antonella Polimeni, Dario Di Nardo and Luca Testarelli
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(9), 3002; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10093002 - 25 Apr 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3806
Abstract
Denture stomatitis (DS) is an inflammatory status of oral mucosae frequently observed in denture wearers, and mainly associated with oral overgrowth of Candida albicans. DS is the cause of multiple visits to the dental office and is thought to enhance the risk [...] Read more.
Denture stomatitis (DS) is an inflammatory status of oral mucosae frequently observed in denture wearers, and mainly associated with oral overgrowth of Candida albicans. DS is the cause of multiple visits to the dental office and is thought to enhance the risk of systemic infections. The treatment of DS mainly relies upon improvement of oral hygiene measures and prescription of topical or systemic antifungal agents, and disinfectants that, although effective, are not without drawbacks. Since, in recent years, some probiotics were investigated as a means to contrast oral colonization by Candida spp., this study was designed to preliminarily evaluate the effects of probiotic strain Streptococcus salivarius K12, in subjects affected by DS, and the duration of these effects. Fifty adult denture wearers affected by DS were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group was instructed to perform careful oral and denture hygiene and to assume the probiotic preparation for 30 days; the control group received only oral hygiene instructions. Patients were evaluated for signs of DS at the beginning of the study, at the end of treatment and 30 days later. Microbiological samples were obtained at the beginning of the study and at the end of treatment to quantify Candida albicans cells. Experimental treatment reduced clinical signs and symptoms of DS and the count of C. albicans. The clinical effects of experimental treatment were still evident after 30 days, suggesting that administration of probiotic strain Streptococcus salivarius K12 could be a promising approach in the treatment of DS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences in Oral Pathology)
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11 pages, 1257 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Photodynamic Therapy Using a Diode Laser 635 nm as an Adjunct to Conventional Chemo-Mechanical Endodontic Procedures against Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm: Ex-Vivo Study
by Gianluca Tenore, Gaspare Palaia, Guido Migliau, Ahmed Mohsen, Federica Rocchetti, Gianfranco Gaimari, Alessandra Impellizzeri, Yolanda Salapata, Francesca Berlutti, Antonella Polimeni and Umberto Romeo
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(8), 2925; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10082925 - 23 Apr 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2535
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with the use of Toluidine Blue (TB) on extracted teeth infected with biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis. Fifty-four extracted teeth with single-roots and single canals were mechanically shaped, autoclaved, and contaminated [...] Read more.
The study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with the use of Toluidine Blue (TB) on extracted teeth infected with biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis. Fifty-four extracted teeth with single-roots and single canals were mechanically shaped, autoclaved, and contaminated with E. faecalis. They were randomly divided into six groups: two groups were negative and positive control groups, two groups were subjected to mechanical instrumentation and PDT with different pre-irradiation times and irradiation times, and two groups were subjected to chemo-mechanical endodontic treatment and PDT with different pre-irradiation times and irradiation times. In PDT groups, after the application of TB, the canals were irradiated with a diode laser of wavelength 635 nm, with a fiber diameter of 200 μm and 100 mW of power in continuous mode. The bacterial load was evaluated using a BioTimer Assay protocol. The greatest reduction of bacterial load was observed in groups of combined PDT with chemo-mechanical treatment. The reductions of bacterial load in groups of combined PDT with chemo-mechanical treatment, and in the positive control group, were significant (p < 0.01) when compared to that of the negative control group. Photodynamic therapy as an adjunctive modality may improve the disinfection capacity of conventional endodontic treatment against E. faecalis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences in Oral Pathology)
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11 pages, 433 KiB  
Article
Oral Health Status of Children with Autism in Central Italy
by Maurizio Bossù, Mario Trottini, Denise Corridore, Gianni Di Giorgio, Gian Luca Sfasciotti, Gaspare Palaia, Livia Ottolenghi, Antonella Polimeni and Stefano Di Carlo
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(7), 2247; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10072247 - 26 Mar 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2634
Abstract
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have significantly higher prevalence and caries severity compared to the average population. Knowledge about the oral health indices of children with this mental disorder is key to designing efficient plans of intervention. This paper reports the results [...] Read more.
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have significantly higher prevalence and caries severity compared to the average population. Knowledge about the oral health indices of children with this mental disorder is key to designing efficient plans of intervention. This paper reports the results of a study on the oral health status of children with ASD in central Italy. This is the first study of this type in Italy. The sample consists of 229 autistic children aged between 5 and 14 years, attending the Unit of Special Needs Policlinico Umberto I in Rome. Each patient received an intraoral examination to investigate decayed, missing, and filled teeth as well as periodontal status. Information on demographic attributes, dietary habits, medical history, and child’s cooperativeness at the first visit was also recorded. Of the participants, 79.26% presented signs of gingivitis and about 90% of them had plaque. Caries prevalence was 66.38%. The average of the total number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth in the permanent and primary dentition was 2.91. Among the factors considered, only dietary habits and the periodontal indices showed statistically significant association with caries prevalence and caries severity. Despite the selection bias, that prevents us to interpret the results presented as epidemiological evidence, our study suggests that children with ASD in central Italy represent a population at risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences in Oral Pathology)
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8 pages, 9576 KiB  
Case Report
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome: Evaluation of a Modified Bite Device to Prevent Bite Injuries
by Gaetano Ierardo, Valeria Luzzi, Gian Luca Sfasciotti, Antonella Polimeni and Maurizio Bossù
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(11), 3808; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10113808 - 30 May 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3173
Abstract
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (LNS) is a serious form of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) deficiency, a hereditary purine metabolism disorder. The prevalence reported in the literature is 1/380,000 to 235,000 births. Males are affected and females are heterozygous carriers. LNS patients present a combination of hypotonia, [...] Read more.
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (LNS) is a serious form of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) deficiency, a hereditary purine metabolism disorder. The prevalence reported in the literature is 1/380,000 to 235,000 births. Males are affected and females are heterozygous carriers. LNS patients present a combination of hypotonia, spasticity, and neurological and behavioral disorders. They also show an obsessive-compulsive self-injurious behavior with bites and injuries to the lips, tongue, cheeks and fingers. The literature offers little scientific contribution related to the management of this problem. The authors describe their experience with a 4-year-old LNS patient and present a viable solution to control and avoid bite injuries, namely a specifically modified bite. The patient was treated at the Pediatric Dentistry Department of “Sapienza” University of Rome with a modified bite with the internal surface, in contact with the teeth, realized in 2-mm-thick soft silicone, and the exterior part consisting of a transparent resin shell with front and rear shields to separate lips and cheeks from the dental arches. At a 12-month follow-up visit, compliance was excellent: the child wore the device with regularity and without discomfort, even during soft-food feeding. No intraoral bite injuries were found, with a general improvement of the young patient’s quality of life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences in Oral Pathology)
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