4D Printing: State-of-the-Art, Recent Trends and Applications

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Additive Manufacturing Technologies".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2024 | Viewed by 1011

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
ICB UMR 6303 CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Belfort-Montbéliard University of Technology, 90010 Belfort, France
Interests: design for 3D/4D printing; multi-material additive manufacturing; smart materials; voxel-based modeling; 4D printing knowledge formalization; artificial intelligence-based design
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
CNRS-UL, University of Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
Interests: Light-matter interactions; 3D printing; 4D printing; epistemology; bio-printing; creativity; Interdisciplinarity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Four-dimensional printing stems from the possibility expressed by Tibbits in 2013 of combining 3D printing and smart materials to create parts that, under specific energy stimulation, can change shape and/or functionality. This opens up an exciting new world where research can explore the three dimensions of space and time. The field is rapidly developing (at a rate of 44% per year in terms of publications), primarily focusing on active materials. However, the socioeconomic world has yet to fully embrace this new technology and its immense potential for innovation and imagination.

The objective of this Special Issue is to demonstrate how science can contribute to practical applications. Critical interdependencies between scientific disciplines play a crucial role, such as understanding inter-voxel printability issues or optimizing the interaction between 4D objects and their preferred mode of stimulation. Clearly, factors such as yields, mechanical strength, adverse effects, etc., must be taken into account to develop design methods that are suited to the limitations of certain quantitative data.

This emerging field is filled with excitement, requiring creativity, interdisciplinarity, and an epistemological approach that is open to applications. While the bottom-up approach is valuable, it is not the only path to successfully integrating science and technology into clever and robust usage. It is important to explore alternative approaches and, if possible, invent new methods. This Special Issue aims to explore a fraction of the long journey towards short-, mid-, and long-term robust and exciting applications that harness the potential of 4D printing (with its numerous degrees of freedom compared to 3D printing).

Prof. Dr. Frédéric Demoly
Dr. Jean Claude André
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • 4D printing
  • design
  • innovative application
  • trends
  • forecasting and imagination
  • invention
  • epistemology

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 8995 KiB  
Article
Development and Assessment of a 4D Printing Technique for Space Applications
by Tim Richter and Christina Völlmecke
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(1), 339; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14010339 - 29 Dec 2023
Viewed by 713
Abstract
Shape memory polymers (SMPs), a class of polymers exhibiting the unique ability to restore deformation induced during the programming process in response to external stimuli, have garnered significant attention. In this study, our objectives were two-fold: to develop an efficient device for programming [...] Read more.
Shape memory polymers (SMPs), a class of polymers exhibiting the unique ability to restore deformation induced during the programming process in response to external stimuli, have garnered significant attention. In this study, our objectives were two-fold: to develop an efficient device for programming SMP hinges crafted from polyetheretherketon (PEEK) and to optimize their performance for potential utilization in space applications. Two versions of the programming device were constructed and compared. Through three systematic experiments, we identified optimal programming and recovery conditions for the hinges, revealing the best shape memory effects (SMEs) at a programming temperature of 250 °C. Remarkably, the hinges were able to recover the previously induced deformation up to 100%, maintaining functionality down to a lower temperature limit of 150 °C. Notably, these hinges demonstrated a wide operational range of over 180°, rendering them promising for space applications, as extensively discussed within the manuscript. However, challenges arise due to the high recovery temperature of 150 °C, presenting obstacles in achieving optimal functionality in the demanding conditions of a space environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 4D Printing: State-of-the-Art, Recent Trends and Applications)
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