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New Techniques, Materials and Technologies in Dentistry: Second Edition

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Dear Colleagues,

Dentistry has experienced significant technical and technological advancements in recent years. These achievements have made it possible to increase the accuracy of diagnosis, plan treatments more precisely, improve the predictability and durability of certain treatments, make procedures safer and faster, and improve the patient experience and acceptance, among others.

Given the rate at which these advancements are unfolding, it is only imperative to launch a Special Issue that provides a platform for clinicians to share their insights and research, as well as help them to be aware of the latest breakthroughs in this field. Topics in this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following: new restorative materials, new regenerative materials, new surgical techniques, CAD-CAM systems, artificial intelligence in dentistry, robotics, and translational research. We encourage submissions of original in vivo or in vitro studies that describe new therapeutic approaches or materials, as well as reviews, from different fields of dentistry and related areas.

Prof. Dr. José João Mendes
Prof. Dr. Ricardo Castro Alves
Dr. Ana Cristina Mano Azul
Guest Editors

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Keywords

oral health
dentistry
dental materials
biomaterials
dental imaging
digital dentistry
artificial intelligence
new technologies
personalized medicine

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11 pages, 2049 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Human Gingival Fibroblasts Response to Different Endodontic Sealers: An In Vitro Study

by Rita Noites, Inês Tavares, Miguel Cardoso, Isabel M. Carreira, Maria Bartolomeu, Ana S. Duarte and Ilda P. Ribeiro

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(19), 10976; https://doi.org/10.3390/app131910976 - 05 Oct 2023

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Abstract

Endodontic treatment aims to eliminate infection of the root canals and fill the dental pulp space. The biocompatibility studies of the sealers used in root canals obturation are crucial since they are applied in direct contact with periradicular tissues. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of three root canal sealers—AH Plus, Bio MTA+, and Bio C sealer—on immortalized human gingival fibroblasts. Methods: AH Plus, Bio MTA+, and Bio C sealers were evaluated through incubation in real-time and material-conditioned media. Cells were incubated for 24 h and 72 h, at three different concentrations (1, 10, and 100 mg/mL) of each sealer. The cytotoxic activity of the sealers was assessed by Methyl tetrazolium (MTT) and Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays. Cell morphology and cytogenetic alterations were studied microscopically. Results: MTT and SRB assays revealed similar results within both approaches. Cell culture exposed to sealers through incubation in real-time revealed a cytotoxic effect of AH Plus at 100 mg/mL. Material-conditioned media study revealed a cytotoxic effect of Bio MTA+ and Bio C, increasing with higher compound concentration and reaching 50% with 100 mg/mL. Regarding the cell’s morphology, Bio C sealer revealed a decrease in cell confluence and several morphological changes. AH Plus and Bio MTA+ did not seem to affect the cell confluence however morphology alterations were observed. In the cytogenetic study, a severe decrease of the mitotic index and a large number of chromosomal aberrations were observed. The present study represents an advance in the understanding of the biocompatibility of AH Plus, Bio MTA+, and Bio C sealers. These sealers demonstrated some cytotoxicity, depending on the concentration used. Although more validation studies are still needed, this study brings very relevant results in terms of cytotoxicity, cell morphology, and cytogenetic alterations. Conclusions: These results could help in the selection of the most appropriate compounds to be used in clinical practice as well as to determine the maximum recommended amounts of each sealer. Clinical Relevance: This study highlights the potential cytotoxic effects of three commonly used root canal sealers on human gingival fibroblasts, with varying degrees of impact depending on the concentration used. The results emphasize the importance of careful consideration when selecting and applying these materials in clinical practice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Techniques, Materials and Technologies in Dentistry: Second Edition)

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19 pages, 810 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Effect of the Incorporation of Compounds into Digitally Manufactured Dental Materials—A Systematic Review

by Ana Bettencourt, Catarina Jorge, Vitor Anes and Cristina Bettencourt Neves

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 2931; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14072931 - 30 Mar 2024

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Abstract

The aim of this review was to evaluate if the properties of digitally produced dental acrylic resins improved when reinforced with compounds. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases for the past 10 years. Combinations of keywords were chosen to reflect the PICO question: Do digitally produced dental acrylic resins loaded with compounds have better mechanical, surface and/or biological properties than resins without compounds? The selection was carried out by two independent researchers according to the PRISMA flowchart and specific eligibility criteria. Results: The 19 in vitro studies included dealt with incorporated compounds such as zirconium dioxide nanoparticles, graphene nanoplatelets, and zwitterionic compounds. It was found that some compounds had a negative impact on the mechanical and surface properties, while others showed improvements. Most of the loaded resins had more effective antimicrobial activity compared to the controls. There were also differences in biocompatibility depending on the type of compound incorporated. The compounds affect the mechanical and surface properties of loaded acrylic resins, depending on the type and concentration of the compound. In the case of antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility, the results depended on other factors than the chemical composition of the compound included in the resin. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Techniques, Materials and Technologies in Dentistry: Second Edition)

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