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Stability Control of Underground Openings under High Stress and Deep...
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Stability Control of Underground Openings under High Stress and Deep Mining Environment

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Civil Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 4950

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jianhang Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Energy and Mining Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
Interests: ground control; mining engineering; rock reinforcement
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Zizheng Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Resource & Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Mining and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
Interests: rock mechanics; ground control; rock bolting; rock reinforcement
Prof. Dr. Qingliang Chang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Interests: ground control; rock mechanics; backfill mining
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the rapid development of mining engineering, coal and hard rock resources reserved in the relatively simpler geological environment are likely to be exhausted. Therefore, to satisfy the demand for mineral resources, more attention needs to be paid to the coal and hard rock resources under complex conditions. It is well known that, under complex conditions, mining activities are subjected to many challenges. For example, under complex conditions, mining operators, equipment and techniques are influenced by a combination of factors, including high stress, geological discontinuities, stress condition and high ground temperature.

Therefore, to guarantee that mining activities can be safely conducted, a better understanding of the mechanical behavior of underground openings under complex conditions is necessary. Moreover, it is important to propose new ground control methods under complex conditions. This Special Issue welcomes high-quality academic papers concerned with stability control techniques and methods for underground openings under high stress and deep mining. Additionally, new ground control techniques, materials and methods are encouraged.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

(1) Cyclic loading and unloading tests on coal and rock samples;

(2) Dynamic loading tests on coal and rock materials;

(3) Mechanical tests on coal and rock materials under high-temperature conditions;

(4) Analytical modelling of the mechanical behavior of coal and rock materials;

(5) Numerical simulation of the performance of coal and rock materials;

(6) In situ campaigns of new ground control methods;

(7) In situ observations of the failure processes of underground openings.

Dr. Jianhang Chen
Dr. Zizheng Zhang
Prof. Dr. Qingliang Chang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • stability control
  • underground openings
  • stress concentration
  • dynamic loading

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 6157 KiB  
Article
Characteristics of Perimeter Rock Damage in a Bottom-Pumping Roadway under the Influence of Mining Activities and Rational Location Studies: A Case Study
by Libin Bai, Fengfeng Wu, Peiju Yang, Shurong Zhang and Bin Li
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 2727; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14072727 - 25 Mar 2024
Viewed by 335
Abstract
With the aim of determining the damage characteristics and a reasonable positional arrangement of the surrounding rock in a bottom-pumping roadway influenced by mining in a high-gas mine, the boundary equation for the plastic zone of the surrounding rock in a circular roadway [...] Read more.
With the aim of determining the damage characteristics and a reasonable positional arrangement of the surrounding rock in a bottom-pumping roadway influenced by mining in a high-gas mine, the boundary equation for the plastic zone of the surrounding rock in a circular roadway under an unequal compressive stress field was adopted to analyze the relationship between the distribution characteristics of the plastic zone of the bottom-pumping roadway and the stability of the rock surrounding the bottom-pumping roadway under different bidirectional stress ratios. This was carried out in the bottom-pumping roadway of the working face of Licun coal mine 3301 as the engineering background, where the nature of the coal seams mined is bituminous coal, and the absolute gas outflow is 0.5 m3/min−1. A numerical simulation was used to analyze the distribution characteristics of the surrounding rock stress and the bidirectional stress ratio, as well as the deformation and damage characteristics of the surrounding rock at different positions in the bottom-pumping roadway. A numerical simulation was applied to analyze the distribution characteristics of the surrounding rock stress and the two-way stress ratio, as well as the deformation and damage characteristics of the rock surrounding the bottom-pumping roadway when the bottom-pumping roadway was arranged in different locations. The results show that, with an increase in the bidirectional stress ratio, the plastic zone of the perimeter rock in the bottom-pumping roadway shows nonuniform “butterfly” distribution characteristics, which seriously affects the stability of the rock on the perimeter of the roadway; the stress on the bottom plate of the working face after excavation can be divided into four areas according to the size of the bidirectional stress ratio and the stress loading and unloading states. In addition, the size of the perimeter rock deformation can be sorted into four areas according to the damage range of the perimeter of the rock plastic zone in the bottom-pumping roadway. The size of the deformation in the surrounding rock can be sorted as follows: unpressurized high-stress ratio > unpressurized stress ratio stable area > pressurized low-stress ratio area > original rock stress ratio area. Accordingly, we found that the reasonable location of the bottom-pumping roadway is arranged at the 15 m position outside the hollow area below the coal pillar, along the limestone upper medium-grained sandstone layer along the bottom. The study’s results were applied to the field. The industrial experiments on the site show that the deformation of the surrounding rock is reasonable when the bottom-pumping roadway is dug along the limestone roof and arranged 15 m outside the fault of the mining hollow area below the coal pillar. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stability Control of Underground Openings under High Stress and Deep Mining Environment)
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19 pages, 10784 KiB  
Article
Numerical and Analytical Determination of Rockburst Characteristics: Case Study from Polish Deep Copper Mine
by Witold Pytel, Krzysztof Fuławka, Bogumiła Pałac-Walko and Piotr Mertuszka
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(21), 11881; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132111881 - 30 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 609
Abstract
A simplified analytical method useful for ductile ground support design in underground mine workings is presented. This approach allows for maintaining the stability of sidewalls in rectangular openings extracted in competent and homogeneous rocks, especially in high-pressure conditions, favoring rockburst event occurrence. The [...] Read more.
A simplified analytical method useful for ductile ground support design in underground mine workings is presented. This approach allows for maintaining the stability of sidewalls in rectangular openings extracted in competent and homogeneous rocks, especially in high-pressure conditions, favoring rockburst event occurrence. The proposed design procedure involves the typical assumptions governing the limit equilibrium method (LEM) with respect to a triangular rock block expelled from a sidewall of a long mine excavation subjected to normal stresses of the values determined based on the Maugis’s analytical solution concerned with stress distribution around the elliptical opening extracted within the homogeneous infinite elastic space. This stage of the local assessment of rock susceptibility to ejection from the walls of the excavation allowed for determining the geometry of the block whose ejection is most likely in a given geological and mining situation. Having extensive information about the geometry of the excavations and the properties of the surrounding rocks, it was possible to make an exemplary map of the risk from rockburst hazard, developed as the 2D contours of safety indexes’ values, for special-purpose excavations such as heavy machinery chambers, main excavations, etc. in conditions of selected mining panel of the deep copper mine at Legnica-Głogów Copper Basin, Poland. Another important element of the obtained results is the calculated values of the horizontal forces potentially pushing out the predetermined rock blocks. These forces are the surplus over the potential of frictional resistance and cohesion on the surfaces of previously identified discontinuities or on new cracks appearing as a result of overloading of the sidewalls. Finally, the presented algorithm allows us to perform quantitative tracking of rockburst phenomena as a function of time by determination of acceleration, velocity, and displacement of expelled rocks. Such information may be useful at the stage of designing the support for underground workings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stability Control of Underground Openings under High Stress and Deep Mining Environment)
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17 pages, 5256 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on the Relationship between the Degree of Surrounding Rock Fragmentation and the Adaptability of Anchor Support
by Shuai Wang, Lianguo Wang, Furong Tang, Ke Ding, Zhaolin Li, Bo Ren, Chongyang Jiang and Jiaxing Guo
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(20), 11328; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132011328 - 15 Oct 2023
Viewed by 617
Abstract
Taking the roadway peripheral rock anchoring unit as the research object, the rock compression test containing the anchor solid was carried out to analyze the influence of the degree of peripheral rock fragmentation and the anchor support method on the mechanical properties of [...] Read more.
Taking the roadway peripheral rock anchoring unit as the research object, the rock compression test containing the anchor solid was carried out to analyze the influence of the degree of peripheral rock fragmentation and the anchor support method on the mechanical properties of the rock body. The test results showed that the smaller the size of the structural surface, the more a greater number of anchor rods were needed, which in turn provided better support. With the increase in the size of the structural surface, the uniaxial compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of the specimen showed a gradual decrease. Numerical tests of the uniaxial compression of rock containing cohesive units showed that the deformation of the specimen near the anchor bar was significantly reduced, while the main rupture surface was blocked, and an obvious reinforcement zone was formed near the anchor bar. Under the double-anchor condition, the anchor tension stress was more obvious, the reinforcement zone was wider, and the rock rupture surface was strongly blocked, all of which made its reinforcement effect the more obvious. This double-anchor condition showed that the anchoring effect of the anchor rods on the specimens was reflected in two aspects of reinforcement and crack stopping. The denser the anchor rods, the wider the reinforcement zone and hence the more likely that the superposition effect will occur, which allowed the anchor rods to play a greater supporting role in stabilizing the rock. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the design of anchor support and early warning prediction of destabilization damage in the fractured surrounding rock of coal mine roadways. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stability Control of Underground Openings under High Stress and Deep Mining Environment)
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11 pages, 1102 KiB  
Article
Investigation into Mining Economic Evaluation Approaches Based on the Rosenblueth Point Estimate Method
by Jiaoqun Li, Tong Wu, Zengxiang Lu and Saisai Wu
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(15), 9011; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13159011 - 06 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 947
Abstract
Conducting technical and economic evaluations is important for mining investment and mining operation decision-making. Traditional economic evaluation methods rarely address the issue of evaluation reliability and usually require complex calculations to obtain the optimal solution. In this study, the Rosenblueth point estimate method [...] Read more.
Conducting technical and economic evaluations is important for mining investment and mining operation decision-making. Traditional economic evaluation methods rarely address the issue of evaluation reliability and usually require complex calculations to obtain the optimal solution. In this study, the Rosenblueth point estimate method for reliability evaluation of engineering project schemes is introduced. Combined with the cash flow method for economic evaluation of mines, the Rosenblueth point estimate method for evaluating the reliability of mining economy is established. Based on the technical and economic index of the case mine, taking the ore grade as a sensitivity indicator, empirical research on established models and methods was carried out. The results of the economic reliability evaluation and the variation rules obtained using the Rosenblueth point estimate method model were basically consistent with the actual production and operation rules of mining enterprise. The similar results also proved that the proposed model has good applicability and reliability for mining economic evaluation. Using the proposed RPEM economic reliability model, the economic reliability of a certain iron mine in Liaoning Province was calculated to be 99.95, which was a huge improvement compared with the traditional evaluation method. Additionally, the calculation process of the proposed model for economic reliability evaluation is simple and the accuracy is controllable. The economic reliability of the project can be calculated based on changes in sensitivity indicators, and the value range of sensitivity indicators can also be calculated through the required reliability. The obtained results and the proposed evaluation model provide a decision-making basis for mining investment projects and operation management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stability Control of Underground Openings under High Stress and Deep Mining Environment)
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16 pages, 6933 KiB  
Article
Reasonable Coal Pillar Width and Surrounding Rock Control of Gob-Side Entry Driving in Inclined Short-Distance Coal Seams
by Fulian He, Wenli Zhai, Jiayu Song, Xuhui Xu, Deqiu Wang and Yanhao Wu
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(11), 6578; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13116578 - 29 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 897
Abstract
During gob-side entry driving under complex conditions in inclined short-distance coal seams, the roadway loses stability and deforms seriously, which affects the safety and efficiency of mine production. In this study, a reasonable coal pillar width was explored by means of on-site investigation, [...] Read more.
During gob-side entry driving under complex conditions in inclined short-distance coal seams, the roadway loses stability and deforms seriously, which affects the safety and efficiency of mine production. In this study, a reasonable coal pillar width was explored by means of on-site investigation, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and engineering tests. The following research results were obtained: (1) In selecting a reasonable coal pillar width, the influences of the position of residual coal pillars, stratum spacing, main roof breakage, roadway section in the upper coal seam should be considered. From established mechanical models of inclined gob-side roadways, the maximum floor failure depth is 27 m and the concentrated influence range of the #1 coal pillars is 11 m. (2) The stress states of coal pillars with different widths were analyzed by numerical simulation. As the coal pillar width increases, the peak value of the stress increases first and then decreases. Based on the site geological conditions, the optimum coal pillar width was determined to be 8 m, which is consistent with the theoretical calculation results. (3) A new pressure-yield support technology was proposed, and its on-site application confirmed its notable roadway control effect. Our research can provide theoretical support for the control of roadways surrounding rock under similar engineering background conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stability Control of Underground Openings under High Stress and Deep Mining Environment)
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16 pages, 7030 KiB  
Article
Construction Method of Honeycomb Gas Flow Network Channel: Structure-Based and Engineering Response on Plastic Zone Distribution Form
by Chao Yuan, Lian-Xin Li, Lei Fan, Yue-Yang Xu and Jun-Jie Wu
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(10), 6096; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13106096 - 16 May 2023
Viewed by 693
Abstract
The plastic zone of the surrounding rock of the borehole is a high-quality channel for gas flow. Studying the distribution form of the plastic zone in the surrounding rock of the boreholes and the characteristics of the extended connection network is essential for [...] Read more.
The plastic zone of the surrounding rock of the borehole is a high-quality channel for gas flow. Studying the distribution form of the plastic zone in the surrounding rock of the boreholes and the characteristics of the extended connection network is essential for the optimal layout of the gas drainage boreholes. Considering gas pressure parameters based on the modified Terzaghi effective stress principle and Mohr–Coulomb strength criterion. The implicit equation of the plastic zone boundary of the surrounding rock of the borehole is derived. The influence of two-way confining pressure ratio, coal body strength, gas pressure and hole diameter on the distribution of the surrounding plastic rock zone and the permeability-increasing circle is analyzed, and a honeycomb gas flow network channel structure based on the distribution of plastic zones is constructed. The gas flow and enrichment zone of the coal seam are connected, and the gas drainage rate is improved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stability Control of Underground Openings under High Stress and Deep Mining Environment)
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