Sustainable Construction Materials: Utilization of Industrial Wastes in Cements

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Civil Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 August 2022) | Viewed by 2566

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School of Engineering, Università della Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
Interests: blended cements; low-CO2; fluidized bed combustion; materials engineering; environmental engineering
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The quality of the environment is influenced to a significant extent by cement manufacture. On the one end, cement production is one of the largest consumers of fuel and raw materials and represents one of the major industrial sectors giving rise to carbon footprint. In 2019, worldwide production of cement was estimated at 4.10 billion tonnes, generating about 8% of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions. In this regard, the main challenge for the cement industry is focused on a strong carbon dioxide emissions reduction. On the other hand, the cement industry traditionally plays a leading role in waste utilization and can make an important contribution to the protection of the environment. Both ordinary and special cements are able to absorb huge amounts of industrial wastes in their manufacturing process as a constituent of the final product or as a component of the raw feed. The first use deals with fillers (added in small quantities to the clinker without significantly affecting the cement performance) and active components (commonly added in considerable amounts for improving the technical behaviour and decreasing the clinker concentration). Regarding the second utilization, to date the use of solid residues as raw mix components for the cement kiln has received comparatively little attention from researchers and engineers; however, there is an increasing interest in new wastes for the synthesis of ordinary and/or special cements. This Issue is aimed at giving an overview dealing with the use of industrial wastes as raw materials and/or constituents of ordinary and special cements.

Dr. Antonio Telesca
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • sustainability
  • industrial wastes
  • raw materials
  • supplementary cementitious materials
  • portland cement
  • special cements
  • blended cements

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 4062 KiB  
Article
Experimental Investigation and Mechanism of Fly Ash/Slag-Based Geopolymer-Stabilized Soft Soil
by Dazhi Wu, Zilong Zhang, Keyu Chen and Linling Xia
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(15), 7438; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12157438 - 25 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2158
Abstract
In response to the high carbon emissions and energy consumption of traditional cement curing agents, in this paper, we propose a fly ash/slag-based geopolymer as an alternative to cement for stabilizing soft soils. In this study, the effects of the activator modulus, activator, [...] Read more.
In response to the high carbon emissions and energy consumption of traditional cement curing agents, in this paper, we propose a fly ash/slag-based geopolymer as an alternative to cement for stabilizing soft soils. In this study, the effects of the activator modulus, activator, and slag content on the geopolymer-stabilized clay were investigated by unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests on Hangzhou soft soils, and the water stability and resistance to wet–dry cycles of the geopolymer-stabilized soils were studied. The changes in the microstructure and mineral phases were investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively, and the inner evolution of the properties of the stabilized soft soil under different conditions was clarified. The test results revealed that the UCS of the geopolymer-stabilized soft soils increased and then decreased as the content and modulus of the alkali activator increased. The optimum mix proportion of geopolymer-stabilized soil required a modulus of the alkali activator of 0.6, a content of the alkali activator of 6%, and a slag-to-fly ash ratio of 1:1. Its 28-day UCS of the test specimens reached 2 MPa. When the content of the geopolymer was 25%, the water stability coefficient reached 87.53%, and the strength was still 1.6 MPa after eight wet–dry cycles. Based on the microscopic analysis, the cementing substances in the geopolymer-stabilized clay were calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and sodium aluminosilicate hydrate (N-A-S-H), which made the soil’s structure denser through bonding and filling effects. Full article
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