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Nuclear Techniques and Material Analysis
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Nuclear Techniques and Material Analysis

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Physics General".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2023) | Viewed by 4292

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Leandro Sottili

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
2. INFN—Sezione di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
Interests: experimental physics; nuclear physics; applied nuclear physics; x-ray fluorescence; aerosol science; heritage science
Dr. Anna Mazzinghi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Firenze, Italy
2. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Firenze, Italy
Interests: XRF; IBA; heritage science; pigment’s identification; archaeometry
Dr. Lorenzo Giuntini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Giovanni Sansone 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy
2. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Firenze, Via Giovanni Sansone 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy
Interests: ion beam analysis (IBA); proton external microbeams; PIXE; XRF; low energy accelerators; ion beam modification of materials; material analysis with nuclear techniques; archaeometry; PIGE; RBS

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The study of materials and their modification today is, more than ever, an interdisciplinary field of ever-growing interest. Environmental pollution studies, industrial applications, biomedical research, geology, and archaeological science, to cite a few, are conducted exploiting physical techniques.

Nuclear techniques play a fundamental role, both experimentally and theoretically, in determining the composition and structure of materials from the macroscopic world to the nanoscale. For this reason, a number of facilities around the world are dedicated to this branch of nuclear physics, using different and often complementary techniques.

We are inviting you to contribute to this Special Issue with your research, with both review articles and/or leading-edge papers, with the aim to maintain a unitary overview of this limitless field.

Dr. Leandro Sottili
Dr. Anna Mazzinghi
Dr. Lorenzo Giuntini
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • applied physics
  • instrumental development
  • nuclear techniques
  • ion-beam analysis
  • X-ray spectroscopic techniques
  • material characterization
  • material modification
  • heritage science

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 7518 KiB  
Article
The Importance of Preventive Analysis in Heritage Science: MA-XRF Supporting the Restoration of Madonna with Child by Mantegna
by Anna Mazzinghi, Lisa Castelli, Francesca Giambi, Chiara Ruberto, Leandro Sottili, Francesco Taccetti and Lorenzo Giuntini
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(13), 7983; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137983 - 7 Jul 2023
Viewed by 830
Abstract
The Madonna with Child by Andrea Mantegna owned by the Museo Poldi Pezzoli in Milan is painted on canvas with an unusual distemper technique. During the period of 1863–1865, the painting was restored by Giuseppe Molteni. The identification of potential retouchings by Molteni, [...] Read more.
The Madonna with Child by Andrea Mantegna owned by the Museo Poldi Pezzoli in Milan is painted on canvas with an unusual distemper technique. During the period of 1863–1865, the painting was restored by Giuseppe Molteni. The identification of potential retouchings by Molteni, possibly covering part of the original layer, was the object of this work carried at the Opificio delle Pietre Dure. To evaluate the extent of both Molteni’s intervention and Mantegna’s original layer, the MA-XRF spectrometer developed by CHNet-INFN was used to discriminate between the two paint layers and identify the materials and the extension of both “artists”. Indeed, the elemental maps showed that Molteni’s work entirely covered the mantle of the Virgin, even changing the fold of the draperies and enriching the red robe with shell gold highlights, giving a different appearance to the painting. Moreover, MA-XRF also revealed that the original Mantegna was still mostly intact underneath Molteni’s layer, thereby providing a decisive guide for conservation works. These results indeed formed the basis for the technical decision to remove the varnish and Molteni’s version, unveiling the original Mantegna. A second MA-XRF campaign was then carried out to fully characterise the materials of this unusual painting technique. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nuclear Techniques and Material Analysis)
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11 pages, 998 KiB  
Article
Resonant Laser Ionization and Fine-Structure Study of Silver in an Ablation Plume
by Omorjit Singh Khwairakpam, Emilio Mariotti, Daniele Scarpa, Piergiorgio Nicolosi, Alen Khanbekyan, Salvatore Ferracane, Alberto Arzenton and Alberto Andrighetto
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(1), 309; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010309 - 27 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1422
Abstract
We report on a laser photo-ionization study of silver in relation to the Selective Production of Exotic Species (SPES) project at INFN-LNL in the off-line laser laboratory. In this study, two dye lasers and an ablation laser operating at 10 Hz are used [...] Read more.
We report on a laser photo-ionization study of silver in relation to the Selective Production of Exotic Species (SPES) project at INFN-LNL in the off-line laser laboratory. In this study, two dye lasers and an ablation laser operating at 10 Hz are used alongside a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). Isotopic separation of the natural, stable isotopes 107Ag and 109Ag was clearly observed in the TOF signal. Resonant photo-ionization of silver was achieved with the use of the scheme 4d105s 2S1/2→ 4d105p 2P3/2o→ 4d106d 2D3/2 with transition wavelengths of 328.163 nm and 421.402 nm, respectively. Doppler-suppressed spectroscopy of these transition lines was performed in an ablation plume. Doppler broadening with collinear injection of excitation lasers and the effect of the linewidths of the excitation lasers were investigated. The fine-structure splitting of the level 4d106d 2D (J = 5/2 and J = 3/2) was confirmed to be 186 ± 2 pm, corresponding to 314 ± 3 GHz. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nuclear Techniques and Material Analysis)
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13 pages, 3894 KiB  
Article
Development of 1.3 GHz Medium-β (β = 0.634) Disk-Loaded Deflecting Cavity for 150 keV Electron Beam
by Zhongxiang Xu, Fang Wang, Tao Tan, Yunqi Liu, Senlin Huang and Shengwen Quan
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(18), 9243; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12189243 - 15 Sep 2022
Viewed by 1334
Abstract
A miniaturized 150 kV DC photocathode gun is developed at Peking University to generate electron beam which can be manipulated in temporal and spatial distribution as requirements freely. To measure the bunch length which is an important temporal parameter of the low energy [...] Read more.
A miniaturized 150 kV DC photocathode gun is developed at Peking University to generate electron beam which can be manipulated in temporal and spatial distribution as requirements freely. To measure the bunch length which is an important temporal parameter of the low energy electron beam from the DC photocathode gun, a 1.3 GHz medium-β disk-loaded deflecting cavity is adopted. In this paper we present the design of the deflecting cavity which involves the microwave design including the geometry optimization and the separation of the orthogonal dipole modes as well as the power coupling, the mechanical design including the determination of the cavity wall thickness and the tuning as well as brazing structure, and the thermodynamic analysis. Particle tracking simulation shows that the best resolution of 190 fs can be achieved for the 150 keV electron beam by using the deflecting cavity. Its fabrication is completed and the RF measurements are carried out with a vector network analyzer. It is shown the measured values of the RF physical parameters are in good agreement with the simulation design ones. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nuclear Techniques and Material Analysis)
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