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Applied Sciences
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Advanced Manufacturing of Functional Fibers and Textiles
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Advanced Manufacturing of Functional Fibers and Textiles

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Industrial Technologies".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2023) | Viewed by 7193

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Chaoqun Dong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Bioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0DF, UK
Interests: functional materials; advanced fibers; smart textiles; wearables; energy harvesting and storage; bioelectronics
Prof. Dr. Xiaoming Tao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Center for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
Interests: advanced textile materials; mechanical engineering and machinery; wearable technology; smart materials and structures; composites; biopolymers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Currently we are experiencing a technological push towards the functionalization of everyday objects into portable and wearable technology, particularly in the forms of e-skin and textiles. Among various structures, fibers are envisioned as versatile platforms that offer unique properties and functionalities, given their peculiar geometry, high aspect ratio, and ability to be integrated into conformable fabrics or textiles. Benefiting from the combined advances in materials science and fabrication, mechanical and electrical engineering, fiber- and textile-based devices have found tremendous applications in sensing and health monitoring, robotics, human-machine interactions, as well as energy harvesting and storage.

This Special Issue focuses on cutting-edge studies related to functional fibers and textiles. Reviews and original research articles are welcome. The Special Issue has a broad scope that includes, but is not limited to:

  • Advanced manufacturing of fiber structures: 3D printing, thermal drawing, extrusion, electrospinning, wet spinning, etc.;
  • Smart textile techniques: weaving, kitting, embroidery, etc.;
  • Fibers with distinguished properties: mechanical (e.g., soft, stretchable), electrical (e.g., electrically conductive), optical (e.g., waveguide, light emitting), etc.;
  • Biocompatible and biodegradable fibers for drug delivery, probes, scaffold, tissue engineering;
  • Fiber-based wearable devices, ranging from single nano-, or micro-fibers to multiple fiber-level components, from yarns to fabrics;
  • Devices applications: sensing, actuation, energy harvesting and storage, etc.

Dr. Chaoqun Dong
Prof. Dr. Xiaoming Tao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • functional fibers
  • smart textiles
  • wearable technology
  • fiber processing
  • fiber electronics
  • additive manufacturing

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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0 pages, 7714 KiB  
Article
Alginate-Based Patch for Middle Ear Delivery of Probiotics: A Preliminary Study Using Electrospray and Electrospinning
by Beatrice Cecchini, Roberta Rovelli, Lorenzo Zavagna, Bahareh Azimi, Teresa Macchi, Esingül Kaya, Semih Esin, Luca Bruschini, Mario Milazzo, Giovanna Batoni and Serena Danti
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(23), 12750; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132312750 - 28 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 972
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance poses a growing challenge in respiratory tract diseases like otitis media, often necessitating surgical interventions due to pharmacological treatment limitations. Bacteriotherapy, involving probiotics and/or their bioproducts, emerges as a promising alternative in such a scenario. This study aims to pave the [...] Read more.
Antimicrobial resistance poses a growing challenge in respiratory tract diseases like otitis media, often necessitating surgical interventions due to pharmacological treatment limitations. Bacteriotherapy, involving probiotics and/or their bioproducts, emerges as a promising alternative in such a scenario. This study aims to pave the way to middle ear bacteriotherapy by developing an innovative sodium alginate (SA)-based probiotic delivery system using electrospinning and electrospray techniques. Electrospray enabled the precise production of probiotic-laden SA microparticles, demonstrating potential for targeted bacterial delivery. By overcoming challenges due to the SA molecular structure, we successfully electrospun SA-based fiber meshes with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as a support polymer. The rheologic behavior of the probiotic/SA solutions and the morphology of the obtained microparticles and fibers was evaluated, along with the diameter variation over time. The cytocompatibility of the produced microparticles and fibers was assessed using human dermal keratinocytes and their antimicrobial activity was tested against E. coli. The incorporation of probiotic-laden SA microparticles within electrospun SA/PEO fiber meshes finally offered a patch-like structure to be applied on the tympanic membrane or on the outer auditory canal, which could be a versatile and ideally safe treatment strategy in chronic otitis media. This innovative approach holds promise for clinical applications dealing with inflammatory processes, infections and dysbiosis, thus possibly addressing the complex healing process of chronic upper respiratory diseases while mitigating antimicrobial resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Manufacturing of Functional Fibers and Textiles)
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15 pages, 53388 KiB  
Article
Experimental Verification of the Shielding Properties of Selected Textile Materials in the X Frequency Band
by Dariusz Wójcik, Maciej Surma, Mirosław Magnuski, Tomasz Blachowicz, Khorolsuren Tuvshinbayar, Marius Dotter, Yusuf Topuz and Andrea Ehrmann
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(17), 9777; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13179777 - 29 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 961
Abstract
The increasing development and application of wireless devices and systems that radiate electromagnetic waves makes electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding more and more important in everyday life. In practice, rigid EMI shields are the most commonly used ones. However, for humans or in automotive [...] Read more.
The increasing development and application of wireless devices and systems that radiate electromagnetic waves makes electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding more and more important in everyday life. In practice, rigid EMI shields are the most commonly used ones. However, for humans or in automotive and aviation applications, flexible, drapable materials, such as textile fabrics, can be more effective and useful. Textile fabrics are usually nonconductive and not magnetic, i.e., they lack the requirements for EMI shielding. However, shielding properties of textile fabrics can be achieved by blending yarns with fine wires or coating fibers or by blending complete textile layers with conductive or magnetic materials. In this paper, shielding textile fabrics and 3D-printed materials, as references with different conductive (and partly also magnetic) properties, are examined. The measurements show a high shielding effectiveness of 80 dB given by densely woven fabrics with a thin metallic coating in the frequency range of 6.5–11 GHz, while large pores in crocheted fabrics significantly reduce the EMI shielding effectiveness, and other samples did not show shielding at all, suggesting that a combination of conductivity and the structure of the samples is responsible for the shielding potential. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Manufacturing of Functional Fibers and Textiles)
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23 pages, 7471 KiB  
Article
Experimental Analysis and Optimisation of a Novel Laser-Sintering Process for Additive Manufacturing of Continuous Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Parts
by Michael Baranowski, Lukas Völger, Marco Friedmann and Jürgen Fleischer
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(9), 5351; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13095351 - 25 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1257
Abstract
Additive manufacturing of continuous carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CCFRP) parts enables the production of high-strength parts for aerospace, engineering and other industries. Continuous fibres allow for parts to be reinforced along the load path, multiplying their mechanical properties. However, current additive manufacturing processes for [...] Read more.
Additive manufacturing of continuous carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CCFRP) parts enables the production of high-strength parts for aerospace, engineering and other industries. Continuous fibres allow for parts to be reinforced along the load path, multiplying their mechanical properties. However, current additive manufacturing processes for producing CCFRP parts do not optimally meet the requirements of the matrix. With resin- and extrusion-based processes, the time-consuming and costly post-processing required to remove support structures severely limits design freedom, and producing small batches requires increased effort. In contrast, laser sintering has proven to be a promising alternative in an industrial environment, allowing the production of robust parts without support structures in a time-efficient and economical manner for single and small-batch production. Based on a novel laser-sintering machine with the automated integration of continuous fibres, a combination of the advantages of the laser-sintering process and the advantages of continuous fibres is to be achieved. This paper describes an experimental analysis and optimisation of this laser-sintering machine using design of experiments. The processing time for fibre integration could be reduced by a factor of three compared to the initial state. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Manufacturing of Functional Fibers and Textiles)
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Review

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29 pages, 7953 KiB  
Review
Review of Manufacturing Processes and Vibro-Acoustic Assessments of Composite and Alternative Materials for Musical Instruments
by Spyros Brezas, Markos Katsipis, Konstantinos Kaleris, Helen Papadaki, Dionysios T. G. Katerelos, Nektarios A. Papadogiannis, Makis Bakarezos, Vasilis Dimitriou and Evaggelos Kaselouris
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(6), 2293; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14062293 - 8 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1016
Abstract
The evolution of musical instrument manufacturing has prompted a quest for innovative materials beyond traditional wood. This review explores the utilization of composite materials, 3D-printed materials, and metamaterials as favorable alternatives. The investigation is driven by challenges such as the scarcity of high-quality [...] Read more.
The evolution of musical instrument manufacturing has prompted a quest for innovative materials beyond traditional wood. This review explores the utilization of composite materials, 3D-printed materials, and metamaterials as favorable alternatives. The investigation is driven by challenges such as the scarcity of high-quality tonewoods, variations in wood properties, and environmental concerns. Carbon fiber, graphite fiber, ceramic polymers, and nanocomposites present promising alternatives, offering advantages in durability, weight reduction, and customizable acoustics. The integration of 3D printing technology introduces a cutting-edge dimension, enabling intricate, precisely engineered components, optimizing instrument structure, and allowing unprecedented customization. Additionally, this article explores metamaterials, leveraging unique mechanical properties from structural design rather than constituent materials. Metamaterials offer unprecedented capabilities for tailoring instrument vibrational characteristics by providing unparalleled control over sound production. The review provides a thorough analysis, including manufacturing methods for composite materials, metamaterials, and 3D printing in musical instruments. Comprehensive examinations of vibrational and acoustical analyses related to composite materials, 3D-printed materials, and metamaterials, for the evaluation of musical instruments, are presented. This overview, supported by experimental and numerical simulation methods, offers valuable insights for the future development of musical instruments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Manufacturing of Functional Fibers and Textiles)
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28 pages, 4049 KiB  
Review
Electrospinning of High-Performance Nanofibres: State of the Art and Insights into the Path Forward
by Jemma R. P. Forgie, Floriane Leclinche, Emilie Dréan and Patricia I. Dolez
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(22), 12476; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132212476 - 18 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1850
Abstract
Nanofibrous membranes have gained interest for their small pore size, light weight, and excellent filtration. When produced from high-performance polymers, nanofibrous membranes also benefit from excellent mechanical properties, thermal resistance, and chemical resistance. Electrospinning is a common method of producing high-performance nanofibres. However, [...] Read more.
Nanofibrous membranes have gained interest for their small pore size, light weight, and excellent filtration. When produced from high-performance polymers, nanofibrous membranes also benefit from excellent mechanical properties, thermal resistance, and chemical resistance. Electrospinning is a common method of producing high-performance nanofibres. However, there are still major challenges with the dissolution and electrospinning of these polymers, as well as in the performance of the resulting nanofibres, which is often less than what would be expected from a conventional high-performance fibre. This review assesses the state of progress in the electrospinning of five high-performance fibres: meta-aramid (m-aramid), para-aramid (p-aramid), polyamide-imide (PAI), polybenzoxazole (PBO), and polybenzimidazole (PBI). Polymers that can be readily dissolved in organic solvents, such as m-aramid, PAI, and PBI, have been more widely researched for electrospinning compared to those that can only be spun from precursors or dissolved in non-volatile solvents. Major focuses within the literature include optimizing the electrospinning process and improving the mechanical performance of the nanofibres. This review demonstrates a clear need for more standardized characterization methods and consideration for the longevity of the nanofibrous membranes. Future research should also focus on scale-up methods of electrospinning so that the benefits of nanofibres made from high-performance polymers can be leveraged by the industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Manufacturing of Functional Fibers and Textiles)
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